PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
McClintock & Strong Cyclopaedia — Volume 9
John McClintock & James Strong · 1,443,801 words · 1412 reading sections
Section 481
But in the temptation of a fallen nature Satan has a greater power. Every sin committed makes a man the "servant of sin" for the future (John viii, 34; IJom. vi, 1(>); it therefore creates in the spirit of man a positive tendency to evil, which sympathizes with, and aids the temptation of the evil one. Tliis is a fact …
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368 SATISFACTION their nionstrous crimes at length provoked the wrath of the Omnipotent. Satan was then commissioned to de- stroy them; he exterminated tlie greater part of the perfidious- race, and compelled the rest to seek refuge in the caves beneath the mighty Kaf, or mountain frame- work which supports the unive…
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Sataiiow, Isaac ha-Levi, a Jewish writer, was a native of Satanow, in Russian Poland, where he was born in the year 1732. In 1772 he came to Berlin, where he began to issue those works for which he had prepared himself in his native place, and which have secured him a lasting memorial in Hebrew literature and Biblical …
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sponsible only to the king. The satraps, in their sev- eral provinces, employed themselves in the maintenance of order and the regulation of affairs; and they also col- lected and remitted to the court the stipulated tribute, clear of all charges for local government and for the maintenance of the troops (Xenoph. 6'y?-…
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Saturn, or KroiiOS, was a principal deity in Greek and Roman mythology. Tiie old Italic Saturn, whose name indicates that he was a god of harvests, and the old Grecian Kronos, a thoroughly symbolic being, which, like his brothers, the Titans, is suggestive of the pri- meval and uniform forces of nature, and has a proba…
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SATURNALIA 371 SATYR jecting all glosses, and has returned to the old view that 'rj](pdv is the mistake of a scribe for Kiyim, or Riyun {Auihent. des PenUit. i, 110 sq.) ; yet this seems too hasty; and Kircher's view is supported by some well acquainted with the Coptic, and is defended by Baur {CuJiimeiif. ad loc.) …
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Satyr, the rendering in Isa. xiii, 21 ; xxxiv, 14, of the Ilcb. word "I'^j.'b,*^??-', which properly means AaiVt/; hence a ^o«f, especially a he-goat (comp. Lat. hircus.hom hirsutus, hirins), and is so rendered in Lev. iv, 24; 2 Chron. xxix, 23, and often. The Sept. has, in the pas- sages in Isaial), Saifioviov, damon …
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1. An early king of the Edomites, successor of Sam- lah at i:ehol)oth ((Jen. xxxvi, 37, 38), elsewhere called '■ Shaul" (1 Chron. i, 48, 4!)). B.C. post KAK 2. The first king of Israel (B.C. 1093-1053). (In the following account we make free use of the articles in the dictionaries of Kitto and Smith.) I. The Name. —…
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cook reserve a boiled shoulder, from which Saul, as the chief guest, was bidden to tear off the first morsel (Se|)t. 1 Sam. ix, 22-24). They then descended to the city, and a bed was prepared for Saul on the housetoji. At day- break Samuel roused him. They descended again to the skirts of the town, and there (the serva…
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by the message of the bones of two of the oxen from the herd which he was driving. Saul thus acted with wisdom and promptitude, summoning the people, en masse, to meet liim at Bezek ; and having, at the head of a vast multitude, totally routed the Ammonites (ver. 11) and obtained a higher glory by exhibiting a new inst…
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Meanwhile the adventurous exploit of his son brought on the crisis which ultimately drove the Philistines back to their own territory. Jonathan, having assaulted a gar- rison of the Philistines (apparently at Michmash [1 Sam. xiv, 31], which therefore must have been situated near Migron in Gibeah [ver. 1], and within s…
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SAUL 376 SAUL tions of Jehovah was now visited by that final rejection of his family from succeeding liim on the throne which had before been threatened (xiii, 13, 14; xv, 23), and which was now significantly represented, or mystically predicted, by the rending of the ])ro|)het's mantle. The struggle between Samuel …
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Having compelled David to assume the position of an outlaw, around Avhora gathered a number of turbu- lent and desperate characters, Saul might persuade him- self that he was justified in bestowing the hand of Da- vid's wife on another, and in making expeditions to ap- prehend and destroy him. A portion of the people w…
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Assured of his own death in the coming engagement, and that of his sons, of the ruin of his army and the triumph of his most formidable enemies, whose invasion had tempted him to try this unhallowed expedient — all announced to him by that same authority which had foretold his possession of the kingdom, and whose words…
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Saul's character is in part illustrated by the fierce, wayward, fitful nature of the tribe [see Benjajiin], and in part accounted for by the struggle between the old and new s^'stems in which he found himself involved. To this we must add a taint of madness, which broke out in violent frenzy at times, leaving him witli…
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Sauras, a Hindu sect who worship only Survapati, or the sun-god. They are few in number, and scarcely differ from the rest of the Hindus in their general ob- servances. Their mark on the forehead is made in a particular manner, with red sandal-wood, and their neck- lace is of crystal. Thej' eat one meal without salt ev…
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But the posthumous fame of Saurin rests upon his Sermons. Of these he himself published (1707-25) five volumes. After his death, his son edited, from his papers, seven additional volumes. The whole twelve volumes have been several times reissued. The best edition is that of the Hague, in' 1749; the most recent is that …
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Savage, John Adams, D.D., a Presbyterian di- vine, was born in Salem, Washington County, N. Y., Oct. 9, 1800. He received his preparatory training in Salem Academy; graduated at Union College, Schenectady, N. Y., in 1822 ; studied theology privately ; was licensed to preach by Washington Associate Reformed Presby- tery…
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2. The same observation holds good with regard to the verb aui'Ctii', and the substantive <Tu)Tr]pia, as used in the Sept. An examination of the passages in which they occur shows that they stand as equivalents for words conveying the notions of well-being, succor, peace, and the like. We have further to notice ffuinji…
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II. The Work of the Saviour. — This we propose to trace as developed in the several portions of the New Testament. 1. The first three evangelists, as we know, agree in showing that Jesus unfolded his message to the disci- ples by degrees. He wrought the miracles that were to be the credentials of the Messiah ; he laid…
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Another passage claims a reverent attention — "If any man eat of this bread, he shall live forever: and the bread that I will give is my flesh, which I will give for the life of the world" (John vi, 51). He is the bread; and he will give the bread. If his presence on earth were the expected food, it was given already ;…
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SAVIOUR 383 SAVIOUR sometimes we have hardly any means of judging what place the sufferings of Jesus held in the teaching of the apostles; but when we read that they "preached Je- sus," or the like, it is only fair to infer from other pas- sages that the cross of Christ was never concealed, whether Jews or Greeks or…
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(2.) In the teaching of Peter the doctrine of the person of our Lord is connected strictly with that of his work as Saviour and Messiah. The frequent mention of his sufferings shows the prominent place he would give them ; and he puts forward as the ground of his own right to teach that he was "a witness of the sufferi…
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Different views are held about the authorship of the Epistle to the Hebrews by modern critics, but its numerous points of contact with the other epistles of Paid must be recognised. In both the incompleteness f)f Judaism is dwelt on; redemption from sin and guilt is what religion has to do for men, and Ihis the law fai…
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SAVIOUR, ST. 385 SAVONAROLA tread in his steps. They are his friends onl}' if they keep his commands and foHow his footsteps. We must consider it proved that these three points or elements are the doctrine of the whole New Test. What is there about this teaching that has provoked in times past and present so much d…
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The family of the Medici had raised Florence to a high degree of prosperity, and were enjoying princely power under the forms of a republic. Cosmo de' Medici (died 1464) was the Rothschild of the age. His gifted nephew Lorenzo (died 1492) followed in his footsteps, promoted commerce, letters, and philosophy, and made F…
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With the new constitution, a new spirit took pos- session of the people. Unrighteous gains were given up; deadly enemies emhraced each other in love; secu- lar sports came to an end; vows of continence were made by husbands and wives; profane love songs gave place to hymns of love for Christ; artists cast their nude pa…
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The Dominican order endeavored in later years to effect his canonization. Luther said that God had al- ready canonized him. Though not a dogmatic reform- er in the sense of Luther, Zwingli, or Calvin, Savonarola yet holds a most honorable place by the side of Wyc- liffe, Huss, and Wessel, as a forerunner of the great R…
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Saw (n~J"3, mef/erdk, 2 Sam. xiii, 31 ; 1 Kings vii, 9; 1 Chron. xx, 3; IV^iJ'C, massor, Isa. x, 15; elsewhere "i"i3,^f(mr, in the Pual; n-pidiv and Trpi^w). The He- brews knew and used not only wood-saws, but stone- saws also (1 Kings vii, 9 ; comp. Pliny, xxxvi, 29 ; xliv, 48), both being of great antiquity (Kosellin…
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389 SAXE Modem Egyptian Wood-Sawyers. the saw received in ancient times approximates it very ' nearly to the state in which we continue to use it. In the Antiquites d' Herculanum, i, pi. 100, there is an en- graving, after an ancient painting, which shows this in a very interesting manner. Beekmann {Inveniions, i, 3…
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Saze, Ai.FitEi>, a Methodist Episcopal minister, was SAXNOT 390 SAXON ARCHITECTURE bom Sept. 5, 1814. He was converted in 1830, licensed to preach in 1832, and graduated at the Wesleyan Uni- versity in 1838. The succeeding eighteen months he was principal of the Middletown Preparatory School, after which he became …
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Window, with Ornaments on the Belfiy Window, with Sill ; and Shaft, with Section. Section. Details of the Tower, Sompting, Sussex. The whole of these peculiarities are not to be met with in any one building; and in some churches in which several of them are to be found they are associ- ated with other features, evide…
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Sayei, in HindA mythology, is the <laughter of Wis- wakanna, and |)robably identical with Sangia. She was married to the sun-god, and bore him Jama, the god of the underworld. Sayer, Ezka, a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Cliurch, was originally a member of the Tro}' Confer- ence, and was transferred to the Miss…
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7. "Let us resist all iniquity, and hold it in hatred," quoted as the words of Christ by Barnabas {Epist. Ca- thulica. 4) ; and ibid. 7 we read, " They Avho wish to see me and lay hold of mj' kingdom must receive me by affliction and suftering." 8. " If only one of Israel will repent, and believe in God through my nam…
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16. "When Salome asked the Lord, How long shall men die? he said. As long as women bear children. Then Salome answered, I have done well that I did not bear {kcCKwq ovv iiroi^aa fit) TeicoiKrct'); but the Lord replied, Thou maj-est eat of every herb, but of that which has bitterness do not eat." And further on (p. 540)…
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proper); 3, as a verb, to scale the walls of a city (MPS', olah, Prov. xxi, 22, to yo up, as elsewhere often). See Ladder. Before the introduction of coins, balances were of the utmost importance for the weighing of gold and silver in every commercial transaction (Gen. xxiii, 16; xliii, 21 ; Isa. xlvi, 6 ; Jer. xxxii,…
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he sailed for Denmark, and published it at Copenhagen, under the patronage of Christian III. The translation, made from the Vulgate, corrected in some cases accord- ing to Luther's translation, was published in 1540. From this time on, parts of the Okl Test, were published, until at lengtli, in 1584, the entire Bible w…
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3. Xurvx(/itin. — Although the Norwegian and Danish Bibles were origin.-dly the same, yet the revisions of later times have maile them different. Since about 1800 the Norwegian Bible, with slightly revised text, was published both by the Norwegian and the British Bible Society. A revision of the New Test, was begun ab…
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5. Faroese. — Into this dialect only the Gospel of St. Matthew has been translated, about the year 1817, by the Kev. ]Mr. Schroeter, rector of one of the churches in the Faroe Isles. It was corrected by j\Ir. Lyngbye, of Jutland, who also superintended the printing of St. Matthew's Gospel, of which 1500 copies were iss…
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4. But there is still another class of writers who are disposed to claim for the word a more distinctly person- al existence, and who would refer it directly to Satan. This view is certainly of high antiquity, and is express- ed in the reading of the Sept. nTroTro^tTrrtioc, which means, not scape-goat, or sent away, bu…
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Scarf, a piece of silk or other material, hanging from the neck, worn over the rochet or surplice. It is not mentioned in the rubric of the English ritual, but is worn by our bishops and dignitaries of the Church. It has been used from the primitive ages by the clergy, when the presbyters and bishops wore a scarf in t…
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insect is widely distributed over many of the south- eastern countries of the ancient world. It occurs abun- dantly in Spain (Kirby and Spence, Introduction to En- tomoloyy [18-28], i, 319, 320). It is found on the Quercus coccijha, or kermes oak, in Palestine (Kitto, Physical History, p. 219). Pliny speaks of the cocc…
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Scattergood, Samuel, an English clergyman of the latter part of the 17th century, was a fellow of Trinity College, Oxford, vicar of Blockly, Worcester- shire (1678), and died in 1696. A volume of his Ser- mons was published (Lond. 1723, 2 vols. 8vo ; reprinted 1810). SCAURUS 400 SCEPTICISM Scaunis, M. /Emiijus, a R…
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The following coin was struck in the curule aedile- ship of Scaurus and his colleague, P. Plautius Hyps^us. The subject of the obverse relates to H\-psieus, and that of the reverse to Scaurus. The former represents Jupi- ter in a quadriga, with p. hypsaevs. aeu. cvk. c. hvp- SA12. COS. PKEivEi{. CAPTV. ; the latter par…
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them expect to find the shepherd's staff advanced to symbolical honor. Accordingly, Diodorus Siculus (iii, 3) informs us that the sceptre of the Egyptian kings bore the shape of a plough. The symbols of dominion, as repre- , Ancient Egyptian Sceptres— 1, of Osiris; 2, of the Queens. Group of Egyptian Sceplies. IX.— C…
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Schade, Georg, a Danish jurist in Altona, after- wards in Kiel, was born in 1711. He was the author of a deistical work, iJie unwandelbare imd eicif/e Reli- gion der dltesten Naturforscher, etc. (Leips. 1760), in which he attempts an absolute demonstration of the chief doctrines of faith and practice, independently of …
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Schamyl. See Shamyl, Schartauans, a recent sect in Sweden, named af- ter Scbartau, a clergyman, whom they profess to follow. When Schartau died, he left some skeletons of sermons and a large number of devoted followers. An idolatry of the man and his skeleton sermons commenced, and with it a new sera of Christian deve…
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stiff Lutheranism of the day, and he soon became sus- pected by the local clergj-. The court jireacher, Freitag, forbade the publication of his poems because of their mystical tone. He found a patron, however, in Franck- enberg, a Silesian nobleman, who was also attracted by Btihme. A poem which he published in memory …
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Scheid, Evekard, an eminent Dutch philologist. was born at Arnheim in 1742, and became professor of Oriental literature at Leyden. He died in 1795. Among his works are, .4 n A rahic Grammar : — Dissertation on the Song of HezeJdah in Isaiah (Leyden, 1759): — Book of Genesis Revised : — Minerva, seu de Causis Latince Li…
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This is a transition period in the philosophy of Schelling. His greater originality' and independence lie in his Jena period. He now begins to drift towards syncretism and a mystical theosophv. It is an effort to escape from pantheism towards Christianity, or ratli- er to find a system which shall express the truth of …
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In his Philosophy of Nature Schelling thus traces the objective world in its ascent from the crudest objective stage to the highest subjective; that is, from matter to moral freedom (so far as the latter exists). But, not content with this, he now reverses the process. He starts from the highest point reached by natura…
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tion of this absolute identity, Schelling seems to in- volve himself in a shadow of self-contradiction. He makes it, on the one hand, an absolute indifference ; as such it is purelj' negative, and hence cannot be made the basis of a positive imiverse. On the other hand, he makes it the identity of everything — that is,…
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(4.) With this work on Philosophy and Relifjion Schel- ling begins his transition to a more positive Christianity. All of his works subsequent to his System of Identity bear a more or less mystical coloring and become less and less rigidly systematic in form; at first the mys- ticism resembles that of the Eleusinian my…
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Having speculatively reached the ideal of the Abso- lute Being, and being forced by the heaii to assume that this Being is objectively real, the philosopher is now ready for the predicate of this highest reality. This Being would not be perfect if he had not the lib- erty of positing himself outside of himself; but thi…
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tianity is a higher, a supernatural stream of history flowing upon the bosom of the ocean of cosmic history. He treats this history, not atomistically, but genetically. This genetic method of theologizing has become the prevalent characteristic of modern theology. Schleier- macher, Nitzsch, Rothe, Lange, Martensen, hav…
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Schenk, Hartmann, a Lutheran divine, was born April 7, 1634, at Ruhla, near Eisenach. He studied at Helmstadt and Jena, and was pastor at Bibra and Vtilk- ershausen. His motto was, " Mea Haireditas Servator," and he died May 2, 1G81. He was a man of prayer, who not only prayed himself, but also taught others how to pra…
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Schickard, Wilhei.im, a learned German Oriental- ist and distinguished astronomer, was born at Herren- berg, near Tubingen, April 22, 1592. When he had fin- ished his theological course, he was for a while vicar in his native town, hut in 1613 returned to 'I'iibingen, and there gave lessons in Hebrew. In 1616 he was pa…
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Schirmer, Michael, a Lutheran minister, was born at Leipsic in 1606. In 1636 he was called as master of the Cirayfriars' Grammar-school at Berlin, where he died May 4, 1673. On account of his many troubles, he was called " the German Job." He is the author of some hymns, the most popular of which is his 0 heiVger Geist…
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Schleiermacher, Frikdrich Daniel Ernst, was a theologian of the Reformed Church of (lermany, who, standing on the border-line between the decline of ra- tionalism and the birth of the new evangelical school of Germany, exerted an infiuence for good in all the higher fields of thought which has rarely been equalled by a…
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with the steady maturing of his intellectual and theo- logical systems. It was, perhaps, the richest develop- ment period (from his twenty-eighth to his thirty-sec- ond year) in his life. Hence it is to be explained that with so little previous literarj' experience (he had only helped Sack translate Blair's Sermons, an…
1,028 wordsSource & rights
Public-domain 19th-century biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical reference work; OCR text from Internet Archive. Historical scholarship and terminology reflect its era; OCR may contain errors. Verify quotations and current scholarly claims independently.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.