PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
McClintock & Strong Cyclopaedia — Volume 9
John McClintock & James Strong · 1,443,801 words · 1412 reading sections
Section 841
2 Sam. xiii, 23-28; 2 Kings x, 12, 14; Isa. liii, 7). Sheer-Thursday (spelled also Chare, Shere, or Shier) is also known as Maniidag ((j. v.) or Shrift Thiirsiliig. These are names given in England to the Thursday of Passion Week. It is known in the Komish Church as Qniiita Feria Dominica in liiimis Palmariim, and its…
1,352 wordsSECTION 842Section 842
In silver shekels were paid the contributions to the Temple (Exod. xxx, 13), the fines for offences (xxi, xxii; Deut. xxii, 19, 29; Lev. v, 15), taxes exacted by kings or governors (2 Kings xv, 20 ; Neh. v, 15), the price of articles (2 Sam. xxiv, 24; 2 Kings vii, 1), etc. In some cases large sums were weighed together…
975 wordsSECTION 843Section 843
Postell gives a very bad wood-cut of one of these shekels, SHEKEL 645 SHEKEL but the inscription is correct. He was unable to explain the letters over the vase, which soon became the subject of a iliscussion among the learned men of P^urope, that lasted for iiearlj' two centuries. Their attempts to ex- plain them a…
1,061 wordsSECTION 844Section 844
'imzn "iTJ-'bx, "Eleazar the Priest," in Samaritan let- ters. Reverse. A bnnch of grapes with the inscription XrilO [bxij^i r3x3 nn, "Year one of the Redemption of Israel." Some silver coins also, first published by Reichardt. bear the same inscription on the obverse, under a palm-tree, but the letters run from left …
913 wordsSECTION 845Section 845
IT. iZSn mix n5ir,.S/(e««<fe^r&aC;iato', "The Fourth Year, a Half." A citron between two Lnlahs. On the reverse, 'pi^J nbxsb, Lignllath Tsion, "Of the Liberation of Ziou." A palm-tree between two baskets of fruit. III. r'^ni S^aiX riSir, Shenatn Aria, ReUa, "The Fourth Year, a Fourth." Two Lvlabs. On the reverse, ""…
912 wordsSECTION 846Section 846
3. Father of Jehucal or Jucal, which latter Zedekiah ordered to request Jeremiah to intercede for the city (Jer. xxxvii, 3; xxxviii, 1). B.C. ante 589. 4. vSon of Hailaniah and father of Irijah, which latter arrested Jeremiah as he was leaving the city (Jer. xxxvii, 13). B.C. ante 589. 5. Son of Abdeel and one of tho…
909 wordsSECTION 847Section 847
SHELOMOPI 648 SHEM was stoned for blasphemy (Lev. xxiv, 11). B.C. ante 1658. The Jewish rabbins have overlaid these few sim- ple facts with a mass of characteristic fable. "They say that Shelomith was a very handsome and virtu- ous woman, who was solicited and tempted to crim- inal conversation by an Egyptian, an ov…
904 wordsSECTION 848Section 848
Shelu'miel (Heb. Shehimiil', h^^Tzb'C;, friend of God; Sept. "S-aXaf-itifk), son of Zurishaddai (Numb, ii, 12) and jihylarch of Simeon (x, 19), appointed to num- ber his people at the Exode (i, 6), w-ho then amounted to 59,300 males (ver. 7). B.C. 1057. He made his of- fering for the tabernacle like the rest (vii, 36, …
900 wordsSECTION 849Section 849
a. In that case he would have been 99 years old at the beginning of the flood (Gen. vii, 11; in Noah's 600th year, not when he was 600 years old), or 100 years old at its close (viii, 13). b. On the contrary, Shem was not 100 years old till two years after the flood (Gen. xi, 10). 3. Nor was Ham the son there referre…
990 wordsSECTION 850Section 850
4. The argimient from the order of the names is SHEM 650 SHEMA amply refuted (as above) by the analogous cases of Arphaxad (Gen. xi, ■22), Abraham (ver. 27), and, indeed, almost every other patriarch. They were arranged in the order of proximity and importance to the Hebrews. Among the arguments on the other side, …
931 wordsSECTION 851Section 851
4. One of those (apparently laymen) who stood at Ezra's right hand while he read the law to the people (Neh. viii, 4). B.C. 458. 5. A town in the south of Judah, named between Amam and Moladah (Josh, xv, 26). The place seems to have no connection with No. 1 above (see Keil, ad loc, Chron.), In the parallel list of tow…
1,054 wordsSECTION 852Section 852
The morning prayers concluded with the following, now iu use : "It is true that thou art the Lord our God. and the God of our fathers ; our Redeemer, and the Uedeemer of our fathers; our Rock, and the Rock of our salvation. Our Redeemer and Deliverer ; this is thy name from ever- lasting; there is no other God besides…
925 wordsSECTION 853Section 853
9. One of the Levites in the reign of Hezekiah who were placed in the cities of the priests to distribute the tithes among their brethren (2 Chron. xxxi, 15). B.C. 726. He was perhaps identical with No. 8. 10. A chief Levite in the reign of Josiah who, with his brethren Conaniah and Nethaneel, contributed sac- rifices…
915 wordsSECTION 854Section 854
4. Another layman of the "sons of Baui" who did the same (Ezra x, 41). B.C. 458. Shemarim. See Lees. Sheme'ber [many Shem'eher'] (Heb. id. "i2X u'i", lofty jlifjht [Gesenius], or splc7iclor of heroism [Flirst]: Sept. '^of.ioliup ; Josephus, Sv/io/Sopoe, -4?;^ i, 9, 1), the king of Zeboim (q. v.) at the time of the at…
1,209 wordsSECTION 855Section 855
In settling the question all must depend on the mean- ing of 1I3TS, whether it means only " to separate," or whether it occurs also in the sense of " to pronounce distinctly." In the latter sense it occurs very often, especially in the Targum and Talmud, as Dr. Fiirst has shown against Dr. Nestle in Z. d. d. m. G. 1879…
1,151 wordsSECTION 856Section 856
1. A musician "of the second degree" in the arrange- ment of the choral services by David (1 Chron. xv, liS), playing "with psalteries on Alamoth" (ver. 20), and harps (xvi, 5). B.C. 1043. 2. One of those sent by Jehoshaphat to teach the law liiroughout the land (2 Chron. xvii, 8). B.C. 909. Shemitic Languages. I. Xa…
1,040 wordsSECTION 857Section 857
SHEMITIC LANGUAGES 655 SIIEMITIC LANGUAGES E. Deutsch, seems to have known iNI. Kenan's work and those of others holdiiiy; the same view; for he says that these authors " had to hedge it in witli many and varie- gated restrictions." But any one reading the remarks of M. Renan will hardly understand the unnecessary zea…
902 wordsSECTION 858Section 858
IV. Comparison of the Shemitic Languages u-ilh One Another. — When we enter on the consideration of the mutual relation, we find that by far the richest and most developed of the Shemitic languages is that of the South, known to us as 1. The A rubic. — Referring the readerto the art. Ahabic Language in this Cyclopcedi…
912 wordsSECTION 859Section 859
C. ClirexloniathieK. — Cherbonnean, Exerr.ixeii jmur la Lecture de Manwicrita Arabea, etc. (Paris, 1853) ; id. Leiwui de Lecture Arabe, etc. (ibid. 1804); Combarel, Cahiers d'Ecritures Arabes, etc. (ibid. IStO). 2. The Syro-Ckaldee.— That the Arabic in the South was not the most developed of all the Shemitic lan- gua…
968 wordsSECTION 860Section 860
(3.) The Palmyrenp. — Of this dialect no specimens are now extant, except such scanty fragments as are contained in the Falmyrian inscriptions, for an account of which we may refer to R.Wood's Ruins of Palmyra (Lond. 1753), interpreted independently by Barthelemy in Paris, and better by Swinton in Oxford. Some more spe…
981 wordsSECTION 861Section 861
* There is a controversy as to the origin of this name. Aben-£zra (d. 1108), Buxtovf (d. lO'-'O), Loscher [F. E.] (d. 1749), Buddeus [,L G.] (d. 1764), Lengerke (d. 18.55), Meier [E.] (d. 1866), Ewald (d. 1875), and others derive it from the Sliemite Eber (Gen. x, 24; xi, 14 sq.), while most of the rabbins and of the f…
977 wordsSECTION 862Section 862
twcen the time of Abraham and Mo.ses by the Egyptian and Arabic, so in the period between Moses and Solomon it was influenced by the Pbcenician, and, down to the time of Kzra, continued to receive an accession of exotic terms which, though tending to enlarge its capabilities as a spoken and written tongue, materially a…
993 wordsSECTION 863Section 863
(5.) The Written Hebrew. — About the time when the language underwent this internal change, it was also changed externally. That we have not the original Hebrew characters in MS. and printed texts of the Bi- ble is evident from a tradition we have in the Talmud that " at first the law was given to Israel in the Hebrew …
1,117 wordsSECTION 864Section 864
SHEMITIC LANGUAGES 660 SHEMOXEH ESREH advancement in the science of the Indo-European lan- guages has shown that there is no connection wliatever between tliese two languages; ami even Delitzscli's en- deavor has not been able to prove the contrary, al- though it must be admitted that he was the first to bring about…
987 wordsSECTION 865Section 865
4. ("Iin nrX) "Thou favorest mankind with knowl- edge and teachest them understanding. Thon hast fa- vored us with the knowledge of thy law, and thou hast tiuisht us to perform the statutes of thy will ; and thou hast made ns a division, O Lord our God ! between the holy and the profane, between light and darkness, be-…
1,019 wordsSECTION 866Section 866
19. (Dlb'U D^'CJ) "Oh, grant peace, happiness, and bless- ing, grace, favor, and mercy unto us, and all thy people Israel; bless us, even all of us together, O onr Father! with the light of thy countenance; for by the light of thy countenance hast thou given us, O Lord our God, the law of life, benevolent love, righteo…
1,026 wordsSECTION 867Section 867
SHEOL 662 SHEOL most probable translation is " tbe mountain of the plains | of the Perizzites." In the edition of Wilkins the text is altered to ^'l^^S "'"P"? ^. " the mountain that cor- rupteth frnits," in agreement with theTargums on Dent, iii. 9, though it is there given as the equivalent of Sirion. Which of tiie…
973 wordsSECTION 868Section 868
The question whether this is or is not the doctrine of the Scriptures is one of much importance, and has, first and last, excited no small amount of discussion. It is a doctrine received by a large portion of the nom- inal Christian Church ; and it forms the foundation of the Koman Catholic doctrine of Purgatory, for w…
993 wordsSECTION 869Section 869
Another argument is deduced from Rev. xx, 14, which describes "death and Hades" as "cast into the lake of fire" at the close of the general judgment — meaning, according to the advocates of the doctrine in question, that Hades should then cease as an intermediate place. But this is also true if understood of the grave,…
973 wordsSECTION 870Section 870
Shepard, Thomas, a Congregational minister, was born at Towccstcr, near Nortliampton, England, Nov. 5, 1()<)5. His father was a decided Puritan, inso- much that he removed to another tow^n for the sole pur- pose of enjoying what he considered an evangelical min- istry. Thomas entered Emanuel College, Cambridge, as a pe…
902 wordsSECTION 871Section 871
3. Son of Maachah, and phylarch of the Simeonites in tiie time of David (1 Chron. xxvii, 10). B.C. 1014. 4. Last named of the six brothers of Jehoram, the son of king Jehoshaphat, whom their fatiier endowed richly (2 Chron. xxi, 2). B.C. 887. 5. Son of jMahalaleel and father of Amariah, ances- tors of Athaiah of the …
1,099 wordsSECTION 872Section 872
1-3). But it was also, from its evenness, and from its situation on the road between Egypt and Assyria, ex- posed to continual visits from foreign armies, visits which at last led to the destruction of the Israelitish kingdom. In the earlier history of the country the Israelites do not appear to have ventured into the …
1,180 wordsSECTION 873Section 873
The routine of the shejiherd's duties appears to have been as follows: in the morning he led forth his flock from the fold (.lohn x, 4), which he did by going before them and calling to them, as is still usual in the East; arrived at the pasturage, he watched the flock with the assistance of d()gs (Job xxx, 1), and, sh…
909 wordsSECTION 874Section 874
The term "shepherd" is applied in a metaphorical sense to princes (Isa. xliv, 28; .Jer. ii, 8; iii, 15; xxii, 22; Ezek. xxxiv, 2, etc.), prophets (Zech. xi, 5, 8, 16), teachers (Eccles. xii, 11), and to Jehovah himself (Gen. xlix, 24:; Psa. xxiii, 1 ; Ixxx, 1) ; to the same effect are the references to '• feeding" in G…
1,312 wordsSECTION 875Section 875
SHEPPIERD-KINGS 668 SIIEPHERD-KINGS account, of course, Joscphiis violently controverts; but there is no occasiim to doubt its accuracy except as to the evidently malicious and arbitrary identification of these lepri)us insurrectionists with the Hebrews. The most casual reader cannot fail, as Joscpluis intimates, to…
1,397 wordsSECTION 876Section 876
SHEPHERD-KINGS 669 SHERIDAN tolerable degree that the resolve ripened into a fixed determination. Sectional jealousies and tribal ani- mosities of this sort are proverbially hereditary, and are peculiarly inveterate in the East, where they are so liable to be aggravated by blooil- feuds. We can trace distinct eviden…
947 wordsSECTION 877Section 877
Shephiphon. See Addeu. She'pho (Gen. xxxvi, 23). See Siiephi. Shephu'phau (Heb. Shephuphan', lEISTi?, an ad- der; Se|it. Sai^rti^ v. r. 2£0oi;^«/i), next to the last named of the sons of Bela oldest son of Benjamin (1 Chron. viii, 5), elsewhere called (perhaps more properly) S/iepIiirp/iam (Numb, xvi, 39, A. V. "Shup…
942 wordsSECTION 878Section 878
Sherlock, Martin, was an Irisli divine and chap- lain to the earl of Hristol during the latter part of the last century. He left the following works: Cunsif/lio ad tin Giovane Poetn (counsel to a young poet) (Naples, 1779, 8vo): — IjCttres iPnn ]'oy(iijeur Ani/lnis ((iciieva, 1779; Neufchatel, 178], 8vo ; in Englisli […
1,056 wordsSECTION 879Section 879
Sherrill, Edwin Jenner, a Congregational minis- ter, was born in Shoreham, Vt., Oct. 23, 1806. His pre- paratory studies were completed in Middlebury, after which he entered Hamilton College, N. Y., whence he was graduated in 1832. He spent two j'ears of study in Y'ale Theological Seminary, Mass., and one year at Andov…
909 wordsSECTION 880Section 880
Sheshunogunde, in Hindft mythology, is the wife of Waishia, second son of the first man (Puru), from whom the mercantile caste is descended. She was cre- ated by Brahma in the lands of the South. Sheth (Heb. id. PTIJ), the form of two names, one more accurate than that elsewhere, the other doubtful. 1. The patriarch …
901 wordsSECTION 881Section 881
Shiahs. See Siiiites. Shib'boleth (Heb. Shibho'kth, rbar). After Jephthah had beaten the Ammonites, the men of Ephra- im were jealous of the advantage obtained by the tribes beyond Jordan, and complained loudly that they had not been called to that expedition. Jeiihthah answer- ed with much moderation ; but that did n…
928 wordsSECTION 882Section 882
1. The tsinndh (iHSit, from a root 'DH, to protect) was the large shield, encompassing (Psa. v, 12) and forming a protection for tlie whole person. When not in actual conflict, the tsinndh was carried before the warrior (1 Sam. xvii, 7, 41). The definite article in the former passage {the shield, not " a shield" as in …
1,005 wordsSECTION 883Section 883
The large shield (fiaTrlc, cUpeus) of the Greeks and Romans was originally of a circular form, and in the Homeric times was large enough to cover the whole body. It was made sometimes of osiers twisted togeth- er, sometimes of wood, covered with ox-hides sev- eral folds thick. On the centre was a projection called 6fi(…
1,288 wordsSECTION 884Section 884
be translated Sm S-iTS. In the A. V. of Hab. iii, 1, the rendering is " upon shigionoth," as if shigionoth were some musical instrument. But under such circum- stances \il (p'S) must not be translated " upon" in the sense of playing upon an instrument. Of this use there is not a single undoubted example in prose, altho…
721 wordsSECTION 885Section 885
in the Bible, and but one of Shihor of Egypt, or Sliihor- mizrairn. In 1 Chron. xiii, 5 it is mentioned as the southern boundary of David's kint^dom : "'David gath- ered all Israel, from Shilior of Kgypt even unto the en- tering of Hainath." At tliis period the kingdom of Is- rael was at the highest pitch of its prospe…
1,066 wordsSECTION 886Section 886
Shi'ites (Arab, Shiah. Shiat, " a party or faction"), the name given to a Mcdiammedan sect by the Sunnites (q. v.). or orthodox IVloslems, The Shiites never assume that name, but call themselves A I- A deVud, " Sect of the Just Ones." The principal difference between the two consists in the belief of the Shiites that t…
1,092 wordsSECTION 887Section 887
from his banners, until the Pacific shall come." Latin Vulgate, "Tlie sceptre shall not be taken away from Judali, nor a leader from his thigh — donee vcniet qui mittendus est, until he shall come who is to be sent." This is supposed to be founded upon mistaking in the original nb^'iU for Plb'^"^, which latter coines f…
1,007 wordsSECTION 888Section 888
The objections to this interpretation are set forth at length by Hengstenberg (C/i rittto/ni/7/ of the Old Test, ii, 1 (I, 41, Keith's transl.), and the reasons in its favor, with an account of the various interpretations which have been suggested by others, are well given by Davidson (lutrndiiction to the Old Test, i,…
956 wordsSECTION 889Section 889
(1.) There is no evidence of the existence of the city Shiloh in the time of Jacob, or, if it did exist, it was not improbably known by some other name; for we shall have occasion to suggest that the name of the cit}' was derived from this prophecy. Nay, granting that, it existed under the name of Shiloh. it is a gratu…
908 wordsSECTION 890Section 890
certainly small matters, but they are quite as great as any which can be named anterior to the arrival at Shiloh. Still they are in perfect harmony with the fact that the time for Judah's sceptre and lawgiving had not yet come, as the age of the judges was the pe- riod in which Ephraim was the leading tribe (comf). vii…
1,129 wordsSECTION 891Section 891
(3.) If we understand Shiloh to be a person, we see that the blessing pronounced on Judah is one complete homogeneous whole. It begins with laying emphasis on his name, " He that shall be praised," a verb which certainly is used habitually, it would even seem ex- clusively, of God; as if to hint that there is a mysteri…
1,141 wordsSECTION 892Section 892
SHILOH 681 SHILOH of the earth be blessed." This is apart from any weight which the apostle teaches us to attach to the word in the singidar number: "Now to Abraham and his seed were the promises made; he saith not, And to seeds, as of many, but as of one, And to thy seed, which is Christ." (2.) A very different ob…
989 wordsSECTION 893Section 893
(4.) A comparatively trifling objection is that we mar the simplicity of the structure of the sentence by introducing Shiloh as a new subject; an objection, be- sides, wliich presses with equal weight upon our oppo- nents, who forget that "the sceptre" or "the lawgiv- er," and not " Judah," is the original subject. On…
989 wordsSECTION 894Section 894
is pleased to manifest his presence or is worshipped; and the place thus honored becomes his abode or tem- ple, whether it be a tent or a structure of wood or stone, or even the sanctuary of the heart alone. Ahijah the prophet had his abode at Shiloh in the time of Jero- boam I, and was visited there by the messengers …
1,192 wordsSECTION 895Section 895
Shilo'ui [rather Shi'loni'] (Neh. xi, 5). See Shi- lon ite. Shi'lonite [some Shilo'nite'] (Heb. with the art. hash-ahiloni', "'?lb-'Ti'r! [2 Chron. ix, 29], '^3lb^:n [x, 15],iD'biTrn [IKingsxi, 29; xii, 15; xv, 29; 1 Chron, ix, 5 (A. V. "the Shilonites")], or "'S'PTliri [Neh. xi, 5; A. V. "Shiloni"]; Sept. 6 Sz/Xwi/iV…
1,070 wordsSECTION 896Section 896
2. A Keubenite, son of Gog and father of Micah (1 Chron. v, 4). B.C. post 1874. 3. A (Jershonite Levite, son of Jahath and father of Zimnah in the ancestry of Asaph (1 Chron. vi, 42 [Meb. 27J). B.C. cir. 1()95. Some have regarded him as iden- tical with the yoimger son of Gershon ( ver. 17 [Heb. 2]), but the other par…
936 wordsSECTION 897Section 897
8. One of tlic faithful adherents of Solomon at the time of Adonijah's usurpation (1 Kings i, 8). B.C. 1015. Probably he is the same as Shimei the son of Elah, .Solomon's commi.ssariat ofticer in Benjamin (iv, 18). Ewald. however, suggests (6V.sr//. iii, 2(l(i) that he may have been the same with Shimeah or .Shamniah, …
912 wordsSECTION 898Section 898
Shim'ronite (Heb. with the art. hash-Shimroni', i3"l72'li'Jl, patronymic; Sept. 6 ^afiapavi v. r. 'Afijipa- fiei, A. V. " the Shimronites"), a name (Numb, xxvi, 24) for the descendants of Shimron (q. v.) the son of Issa- char. Shim'ron-me'ron (Heb. Shimron' Mei-on', '^^~\'0'^ "l'l>(~n3 [marg. "(iTa J, i«/^(7; - height…
960 wordsSECTION 899Section 899
Shin-men, a Chinese deity, said to be the son of Fo or Fi)-lii, and to correspond with the Hindu god Ga- tiesa. Shin-moo, a goddess worshipped in China as the supposed mother of Fo, and styled the (Jueeii of Heav- en. Her image is generally placed in a niche behind the altar, sometimes having an infant either in her a…
963 wordsSECTION 900Section 900
SHINTO 687 SHINTO honored the memory'of Shinraii by bestowing upon him the posthumous title, by imperial letters patent, of Ken- shin Uaishi ( Great Kevealer of Light ), on Nov. 28, 1S76. Though wary and ceaselessly active in their en- deavors to counteract Cluistiauity, now so aggressive in Japan, they have resiste…
951 wordsSource & rights
Public-domain 19th-century biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical reference work; OCR text from Internet Archive. Historical scholarship and terminology reflect its era; OCR may contain errors. Verify quotations and current scholarly claims independently.
Project Gutenberg source record →
Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.