PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
McClintock & Strong Cyclopaedia — Volume 9
John McClintock & James Strong · 1,443,801 words · 1412 reading sections
Section 1261
Ancient Egyptian Spoons. . Ivory spoon, about four inclies Ions, in the Berlin Musenm. 1. Bronze spoon in Wilkinson's possos- sion, eight inclies in length. 3, 4. Bronze spoouB, found by Mr. Burton at Thebes. 6. Of wood, m Mr. Suit's collection. 14). Children were anciently accustomed to play (see Plato, Le(j. vii, 7…
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I'lAV. Sportae, Sportellae, Sportttlae (Lat. sportulu, a ba^k(t), ore fees paiil to the clergy for service ren- dered. I'lie allusion is firolmldy to bringing the first- fruits in a biinket (upmlii) (l)eut. xxvi, 1-12); or per- hupH this mode of paying tlie clergy may \>c traced to a l.'i.tiian practice. In the days o…
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Spoudaei (STrovcfaiot, zealous'), was a name given by Eusebius (Eccles. Hist, vi, 11) and Epiphanius {Ex- pos. Fid. n. 22) to ascetics, in reference to their dili- gence in fasting and prayer, and almsdeeds, etc. Spouse (i"I^3, kalluh, croioned with the bridal chap- let,Cant. iv, 8, 9,'l 0,11,12; v, 1 ; Hos.iv, 13, 14…
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(W. P. s.) Sprat, Thomas, a learned English prelate, was born at Tallaton ( Tallcrton), Devonshire, in 1636, and from a school in his native place became a commoner of Wadhain College, Oxford, in 1651, taking his degree in l().')7. He obtained a fellowship, and after the Kcs- toration took orders, becoming chaplain to…
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SPRING 967 SPRINGER probation of God. He heard the recitations of the up- per classes in Latin ami Greek. Too severe application to stiuh' affected his health, and he was obliged to de- sist for a time. When his health was restored he re- entered Yale College and citntiniied the course, gradu- ating in 1805. In the …
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Springer. Elihu, a Methodist Episcopal minister, was born in Bond County, 111., July 21, 1811. He was the subject of religious impressions at a very early age ; united with the INIethodist Episcopal Church in 1824; entered the Rock Spring Seminary, St. Clair Co., 111., in 1827; was licensed as an exhorter Slay 29, 1832…
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Sproat, .I.\M^:.s, D.I)., a Presbyterian divine, was born at .Scituate, .Mass., Ajiril II, 1722. He graduated at Yale College in 1741 ; was converted while in college; and having gone through the recjuisite course of prepa- ration for the ministry, was licensed to preach, and or- dained ()astor of the Fourth Congregat…
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Squier, Miles Powell, D.D., an eminent Presby- terian divine and educator, was born in Cornwall, Vt., May 4, 1792. The family was of P>nglish origin, set- tling in Connecticut in the days of the Pilgrim fathers. He was trained with assiduous care, and at fourteen en- tered the academy at Middlebury, Vt., where he pur- …
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Sqninch, Canon's Ashby, Noithamptonshire. SQUINT 970 SRADDITA vorite exercise with the Frencli ]in>ressors of the art of stoiic-cuttinu;. — Par- ker, (;k>.<s. ii/A irhiteit. s. v. Squint, an openini,' through the wall ol i cliurcli in an ohliiiue tliri . tion for I he luirpose of cii- at)lin^ IHTsons in the tran- s…
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Sramanas (Singhalese srama, 'performance of as- ceticism), a name given to the priests of Buddha, who are monks as to their mode of living, but priests as to the world without. Their vows are in no case irrevo- cable. They seek their food by carrying the alms-bowl from door to door, and their chief employment is teach-…
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Pertrausivit glad his. O qnam tristis et .nfflicta Fuit ilia beuedicta Mater Unigeiiiti ! Qiiffi mceiebat et dolebat Et treniebnt, cinnt videbat Nati poenas iuclyti ! Quis est homo qui non fleret Matreni Cliristi5 si viderel Iu tanto stipplicio? Quis non posset contristari, Piam niatieni conteniplari Boleuteiu cum …
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As a Jlinorite he was not willing to become a priest, but only a lay-brother. "Very severe against himself he was," says Wa(l<ling, "always full of desire to imitate Christ and suffer for him. In an ecstasy he imagined, at times, that he saw him with his bodily eyes. Very often he was seen sighing, sometimes weeping, s…
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" By the crosB sad vigil keeping, Stood the mournful inotlier weeping, While on it the Saviour hung." By Mant, in Ancient Hymns, p. 96 : "By the cross gad vigil keephig. Stood the mother, dolefid, weeping, Where her Son extended hung." By Benedict, in Hymns of Hildehert, p. 65 : "Weeping stood his mother, sighing B…
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I. Ttxt. — The hymn itself runs thus: Siahat milter speciosa Juxia fupiium gaudiora, Diiin jacebat parviihis; Ciijus animnm gnudentem L:ictabuiidam ac feiveulem Penraiisivit jubilus. O quani iaeta et beata Fuit ilia immaciilata Mater Unigeniti ! Qniv gaiidebat el ridebat, Exiiliabat, cum videbat Nati parium iucly…
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In ilie stable, mean and low. " Jesus lying in the manger. Heavenly armies sang the stranger, In tli(! great joy bearing part ; Stood the old miin with the maiden, No words speaking, only laden With this wonder iu their heart. STAB AT MATER SPECIOSA 975 STACTE •' Mother, fount of love still flowing, Let me, with …
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Stac'te {^pi.nalaph; Sept. ffra»crrj ; Nulg. stacte), the name of one of the sweet spices which composed the holy incense (see Exod. xxx, 34) : " And the Lord said unto Moses, Take unto thee sweet spices, stacte (natdph), and onycha, and galbanum ; these sweet spices with pure frankincense. Thou shalt make it a perfume…
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2. A " race"-course in the public games (1 Cor. ix, 24; comp. Heb. xii, 1 ; in the Talmud, "pnu^^S, Aboda Sara, i, 7). where the lists {dpofxoc), whether armed or unarmed, was located, and which was generally (not al- ways; see Forbiger, ut sup. p. 651 sq.) 125 paces or 600 Greek feet long (see Potter, Gr. A ntiq. i, 9…
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It was ordered by the first book of Ed- ward VI that " whensoever the bishop shall celebrate the holy communion in the church, or execute any other ministration, he shall have his pastoral staff in his hand, or else borne or holden by his chaplain." When, however. Dr. Matthew Parker was consecrated archbishop of Canter…
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Jifill-Fliryklop.s.V, Stag. .Sec Dkkiu Stage, a step, floor, or story. The term is particu- larly applied Id the spaces or divisions between the set- offs of bniiress^H in (Jotbic architecture, and to the hori- zontal divi-ioiiH of windows which are intersected by iranmims,— Parker, Closn. if Architect, s, v. Stage-…
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The painted glass of the 14th century was more vivid in color, broader in style, and the ])ainting better exe- cuted ; but it was less pure in conception, and less strictly subordinated to the general architectural eflect. One of the best examples of English work of this i)eriod is the east window of Bristol Cathedral.…
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Stall (p2"i'2, vmrbek, a stable for cattle, Amos vi, 4; Mai. iv, 2; "fat," 1 Sara, xxviii, 24; "fatted," Jer. xlvi, 21 ; iTI^X, urvdh, or JT^I^j uryah, a crib, 2 Chron. xxxii, 38, or a span, 1 Kings iv, 26 ; 2 Chron. ix, 25 ; "?"?> repheth, a rack for fodder, Heb. iii, 17; (parvr), Luke ii, 13, a manger, as elsewhere r…
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TT Ancient Egyptian Stalls for Cattle. STAMMER 981 STANCARISTS Stalls in Oxford Cathedral, cir. 1450. The stall consists of (1) misericord, patience, or sub- sellium, a folding-seat turning on hinges or pivots; (2) hoiik-desk, prie-dieu, podium ; (3) 2^iirclose, sponda, tlie lateral pillar or partition, the upper…
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STANX'IIION" 982 STANDARD r\ Warborousrh, Oxford- shire. Stanchion (old Fr. esttm^nn), the iipriirht iron bar liotweeii the mullidiis of a win- dow, screen, ete. ; they were fre- quently ornamented at the top with fleurs-de-lis, leaves, etc. The n|>riirht bars or railings around tombs may be called stan- chions, a…
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Ancient Persian Standards. metal, and probably had some reference to the heavenly bodies, which were the ancient olijects of worship in Persia. The proper royal standard of that country, however, for many centuries, until the Mohammedan conquest, was a blacksmith's leathern apron, around which the Persians had at one …
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Modern Oriental Standards. serve as a distinguishing mark, such as leathern aprons, wisps of hay, pieces of armor, and horse-tails ; then by metallic symbols and images, combined sometimes with feathers, tassels, and fringes; and then plain or figured flags of linen or silk. Besides, the interpretation we have cited i…
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STANDARD. This name seems to have been applied formerly to (1) various articles of furniture which were too ponderous to be easily removed, as to large chests, or the massive candlesticks placed before altars in church- es, etc.; (2) also the vertical poles of a scaffold, and the vertical iron bars in a window, or stan…
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Stanford, John, a Baptist minister, was born at Wandsworth, .Surrey, England, Oct. 20, 1754. Early confirmed in the Cliiirch of England, he nevertheless came under the influence of the venerable Koraaine, which led his uncle to cut him off in his will. Left with the care of three orphan sisters, he went to Ham- mersmit…
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Liiuy oitiuuupt: s Giiivc tions out of the Koran and the Bible. She was regard- ed by the Arabs with superstitious reverence as a sort of prophetess. Her permanent abode was in Mount Lebanon, about eight miles from Sidon, where she died in June, 1839. Her Memoirs (1845,3 vols.) and Seren Years' Travels (1846, 3 vols.)…
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Stanley, William, an English divine, was born at Hinckley, Leicestershire, in 1647, and was educated at St. John's College, Cambriilge. In 1689 he was made a canon residentiary of St. Paul's. In 1692 he was made archdeacon of London, and in 1706 dean of St. Asaph. He died in 1731. He published. The De- votions of the C…
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2. Josi';pii Amiskos, professor of theology and canon of Brixen, was born Aug. 15, 1785, at Fliess, and died Jan. 10, 1X44. He was one of the more prominent mor- alists in the Roman Catholic Church, and wrote, Theo- logia Moralis in ('ompendium Redacta (Innspruck, 1827, 4 vols. ; 7th ed. 1855-57) -.—Erziehungslehre (ib…
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Stapledon, Walter, an English prelate, was born (according to Prince) at Annery, in the parish of Monk- legh, near Great Torrington, Devonshire. Our knowl- edge of his histf>ry begins with his advancement to the bishopric in 1307, his installation to which was accom- panied by ceremonies of magnificent solemnity. He wa…
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19) ; and the Egyptians were the first to ascertain the true length of the solar year (Herod, ii, 4). See Year. Under the name of stars the Hebrews comprehend- ed all constellations, planets, and heavenly bodies, with the exception of the sun and moon. No part of the visible creation exhibits the glory of the Creator …
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STAR IN THE East {aarqp iv ry avaroKi), IMatt. ii, 1). The evangelist in the passage cited (ii, 1-12) re- lates that at the time of the birth of our Lord there came wise men (magi) from the East to Jerusalem to iiKluire after the newly born King of the Jews in order that they might otTer him presents and worship him. A…
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It is said that on astrological grounds such a con- junction could not fail to excite the attention of men like the magi, and that in conse(iuence p.artly of their knowledge of Balaam's prophecy, and partly from the uneasy ])ersuasion then said to be ])rcvalent that some great one was to be born in the East, these magi…
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(?a) But even supposing the magi did undertake the journey at the time in question, it seems impossible that the conjunction of December, B.C. 7, can on any reasonable grounds be considered as fulfilling the con- ditions in Matt. ii. 9. The circumstances are as follows : On Dec. 4 the sun set at Jerusalem at 5 P. M. Su…
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STAR, Golden, in the Greek Church, is an instru- ment used by the Greeks in the liturgy, and is a star of precious metal surmoimted by a cross, wliich is placed on the paten to cover the host and support a veil from contact with the eucharist. It recalls the mystic star of the magi, and is called the Asteriscns. In the…
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STARK 994 STARKODDER gentlemen in the city of New York. Dr. Mason, who was then president of Dickinson College, proposed to liiifl to become a professor in that institution, ami he was not disinclined to listen to this proposal; but just at this time circumstances occurred which led him to de- vote his life wholly t…
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Stark, Heinrich Benedict, professor of Oriental languages at Leipsic, was born in 1672, and died July 18, 1727. He wrote, pn~p'n ~\Mi,Lux Gi-ammaticce Bebrai- cce ex Clai-iss. hijvs lAngum Luminibus, etc. (2d ed. Lips. 1705, and often; last ed. by Bosseck, 17(54): — Lux Ac- centuationis fJebraicoi (ibid. 1707) : — Uebr…
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Starr, John Walcott, a Congregational minister, was born at Guilford, Conn., March 9, 1848. He grad- uated at Yale College in 1871, and at the New Haven Theological Seminary in 1873. Soon after graduation he engaged in missionarj' labor in the town of Stratton, and in the following year he went to the town of Sleepy Ey…
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2. In the New Test, the stater is once mentioned, in the narrative of the miracle of the sacred tribute-money. At Capernaum the receivers <pf the didrachms {ui rd ciCpax^n \nfiii(h'»vTns) asked Peter whether his mas- ter paid the didrachms. The didrachm refers to the yearly tribute pai<l by every Hebrew into the treasu…
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STATINUS 99' STAUDENiSIAIER rights, and the French army besieged Rome, June 23, 1!S49, which surrendered unconditionally. -'uly 3. The French took possession, and soon after proclaimed the authority of the pope; who, however, did not return till April 12, 1850. The peot>le were dissatisfied, and one province after a…
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Status Duplex, the old dogmatic mode of speak- ing of the tu-< if old stale in which the Lord accomplished his redeeming work. See Van Oosterzee, Chri^st. Dog- matics, ii, 5411. Statute, Bloody, an act passed during that period of reaciinii against the Reformation in the mind of Henry VIII which lasted from 1538 to 15…
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Staughton, William, D.D., a Baptist minister, was born at Coventry, Warwickshire, England, Jan. 4, 1770. He studied in the Baptist theological institu- tion at Bristol, and emigrated to the United States in 1793, where he soon became pastor of the Baptist Church in (leorgetown, S. C. Here he acquired great popularity, …
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8. V. Stauroanastaslma CSravpoavarrrnffifia}, a Greek term for hymns commemorative of the cross and of the resurrection, StaurogathSna (Uravpoyn^ara), a Greek term for the crosses made of red and white ribbons which are attached for eight days to the dress of the newly baptized. Stauronein CSlravpdjveiv), a Greek w…
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Steagall, Joy F., a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Cluirch, South, was born in Jasper County, tia., I)ec. 4, 1.S07, and united with the Church when twelve years of age. He was admitted on trial into the (Je<irgia Conference in 1834, and continued in the active ministry till within two years of his death, April y. …
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STEARNS 1001 STEBBIXG published by his brother, William A. Stearns (Boston, 1S38. r2mo). See Sprague, Annals of the Aner. Pulpit, ii, 718. Stearns, Silas, a Baptist minister, was born at Waltham, INIass., July 2(j, 17«4. Although born of Uni- tarian parents, he was led to Christ by the preaching of Dr. Stillman, a …
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STEBBIXG 1002 STEDIXGERS on Practical ChrUlidiiity (1759-GO, 2 vols. 8vo). See Alliboiie, I>icl. <;/' Urit. mid A mer. A uthors, s. v. Stebbing, Henry (-'). I).I>.. son of the preceding, waslMTii at Ki.'kin^'liiill. Suftolk.in ITIO; entereil Cath- ariiu- Hall, Cambridge, 17;M; siiceeodcd his father as preaeticrof <…
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STEDMAN 1003 STEELE archbishop of Bremen and counts Otto II and Christian III oCOklenburg. The archiepiscopal Church in lirem- en celebrated the bloody triumph with a procession, and ordained an annual day of commemoration, fixing on the fifth Sunday after Easter for that purpose, be- sides causing a chapel to be er…
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Steele, Allen, a minister of the Methodist Epis- copal Church, was born at Salisljury, N. Y., May 24, 1808. He was converted at the age of thirteen years, and studied for a while at Wilbraham, Jlass., and then began to teach school in Western New York. In 1831 he was admitted into the Genesee Conference. He re- ceived …
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Steele, Richard, a Nonconformist preacher, grad- uated nt St. . I.. hn's College, Crimbridge. He became vicar of llainnere. North Wales, and was ejected fi.r nonconformity in 1662. He died in 1692. His work*, which are commended by Philip Henry, are, Aii/i'liitf iii/ainti l>i»lrtwliont (bind. 16(i7, 8vo; 3il ed. 1<'.73…
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Steiger, Carl Friedrich, a Reformed minister of GeriTiany, was born in 1806 at Flaweil, in Switzerland. In 1832 he was called to the pastorate at Brunnadern, in 1838 to Balgach, and in 1841 to Wattwyl, in Tog- genburg, where he died, Slay 11, 1850. He published, Kleine Wuchenpredifften iiber des Christen Stimmnnr) viid…
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STEIXKOPH 1006 STENNETT supornafiiral ra<lianeo too impressive to be forgotten by thoM' >vln> know him. His ministry was accoriliiiiiiy 8ucces^flll ill the wiiiiiini; of souls. .Steiiihofer's writ- ings have been in part republished, and may be recom- mended to all wiio rejrard being imbued with the Scriptures as re…
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Stellio, in Grecian mythology, was a youth whom Ceres changed into a lizard (Ovid, M'etam. v, 461). Stellionatus (from stellio, a tarantiild). a name apjilied in tlie time of the early Church to all imposture and fraud which has no special title in law — such as mortgaging propertj' already engaged ; changing wares wh…
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STEP OF Pardon, Penance, or Satisfaction, that step in a church choir on which a penitent publicly knelt for absolution. Stephan, Martin, founder of the Stephanists, a community of separatists in the Lutlieran Church of Saxony towards the end of the last century and in the early decades of the present. Stephan was bor…
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Stephan was evidently a chosen instrument of God, endowed with exiraonlinary charisms, which he em- ployed for the blessing and abuse<l to the misery of souls. He was of im|ioHing physical stature, over six feet ill height, and possessed of rugged earnestness and intense determination. He was as shrewd as he was bolil.…
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1. History. — 1. Early Notices. — It appears from Ste- phen's name that he was a Hellenist, as it was not com- mon for the Jews of Palestine to adopt names for their children except from the Hebrew or Syriac; though of what country he was is unknown. His Hebrew (or rather Sj'riac) name is traditionally (Basil of Seleuc…
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4. The Trial.— For sucli sayings he was arrested at the instigation of the Hellenistic Jews and brought be- fore the Saiilicdriin, w here, as it would seem, the Phari- saic party had, just before this time (Acts v, 34; vii, 51), gained an ascendency. As they were unable to withstand his powers of reasoning, their malic…
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IJoth of these selections are worked out on what may almost be called critical princi|)les. There is no alle- gorizing of the text, nor any forced constructions. Ev- ery passage quoted yields fairly the sense assigned to it. Besides the direct illustration of a freedom from local restraints involved in the general arg…
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ures— that of Saul of Tarsus, already noticed, and that of Stephen himself. As the first volley of stones burst upon him, he called upon the Master whose human form he had just seen ill the heavens, and repeated almost the words with which he himself liad given up his life on the cross, •' O Lord Jesus, receive my spi…
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3. He is the foreruinier of Paul. So he was already rcganled in ancient times. WuvXov 6 cicdfrKaXot; is the expression used for him by Itasil of Seleucia. But it is an asjM'ct that has lieeii nuich more forcibly drawn out in modern times. Not only was his martyrdom (in all prolmbiliiy I the first means of converting I'…
906 wordsSource & rights
Public-domain 19th-century biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical reference work; OCR text from Internet Archive. Historical scholarship and terminology reflect its era; OCR may contain errors. Verify quotations and current scholarly claims independently.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.