PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK

McClintock & Strong Cyclopaedia — Volume 9

John McClintock & James Strong · 1,443,801 words · 1412 reading sections

Section 781

but in other instances, e. g. in reference to the promises {Gnomon, at Rev. ii, 7), the distinction is not so well es- tablished ; and even if it were, an explanation might be found in the adaptation of such a division to the subject in hand. The attempt to discover such a distinction in the Mosaic writings — as, for i…

1,253 words SECTION 782

Section 782

The foregoing applications of the number seven be- come of great practical importance in connection with the interpretation of some of the prophetical portions of the Bible, and particularly of the Apocalypse. For in this latter book the ever-recurring number seven both serves as the mould which has decided the externa…

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Section 783

SEVEN SPIRITS GOO SEVENTY WEEKS 251, and the sleepers to have been reanimated in 447. Their sleep seemed to them to have been for only a night, and they were greatly astonished, on going into the city, to see the cross exposed npon the church-tops, which but a few hours ago, as it appeared, was the ob- ject of conte…

1,141 words SECTION 784

Section 784

In ver. 21 we have a general view of the last great period of the Jewish Church (see the middle line in the diagram). It was to embrace four hundred and ninety years, from their permanent release from Baby- lonian bondage till the time when God would cast them finally off for their incorrigible unbelief. See Week, With…

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Section 785

Yer. 27 has given greater trouble to critics than any other in the whole passage; and, indeed, the common theory by which the seventy weeks are made to end with the crucifixion is flatly contradicted by the cessa- tion of the daily sacrificial offerings at the Temple " in the middle of the week." All attempts to crowd …

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Section 786

1. The Date of the Edict. — We have supposed this to be from the time of its taking effect at Jerusalem rather than from that of its nominal issue at Babylon. The difference, however (being onlv four months), will not seriously affect the argument. Ezra states (vii, 8) that "he arrived at Jerusalem in the fifth month […

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Section 787

SEVENTY YEARS 603 SEVERINUS Hoffmann, Die 70 Juhrivochen (Nuremb. 183G) ; Dcnnv, Charts of the 70 W. (Loud. 1849) ; Blackley, The 70 W. Explained (Ibid. 1850). See also tlie Stud, und Krit. 183i, ii, 270 ; 1858, iv ; (Gettysb.) Evangel. Rev. April, 1867, iii; Goode, Wu) burton Led. /or 1854-58 (Lond. 1860), See Dani…

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Section 788

Severinus fixed his residence in the neighborhood of Faviana, a town on the Danube near where the modern PiJchlarn stands, and engaged in the practice of a rigid asceticism. He also founded a monaster}' and gathered a large number of pupils, whom he trained, by precept and example, to imitate the virtues of the early C…

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Section 789

Severy (also Severey, Severie, Civery), a bay or compartment of a vaulted ceiling. Seville, Councils of (Concilium Hispalense). I. The first Council of Seville was held Nov. 4, 590, com- posed of eight bishops, St. Leander, bishop of Seville, presiding. It was decided that the donations and alien- ations of Church pro…

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Section 790

Sewall, Thomas, D.D., a distinguished minister of the jMethodist Episcopal Church, was born in Essex, Mass., April 28, 1818. He was educated at Wilbraham, and graduated from the Wesleyan University, Middle- town, Conn.. 1837. He united with the Baltimore Con- ference in 1838, but in 1841 was returned supernumer- ary, a…

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Section 791

Seys, John, D.D., a minister of the IVIcthodist Epis- copal Church, was born in Santa Cruz Island, West In- dies, March 30, 1799. In 1821 he joined the Wesleyan Church in the island of St. Eustatius. Notwithstand- ing much opposition from friends, he continued in this Church, ami in 1825 was licensed a local preacher. …

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Section 792

Shaash'gaz (Heb. Shaashgaz', t|.pS'^, Persian, servant of the beautiful; Sept. Pot), the appropriate name of a Persian eunuch, the keeper of the concubines in the court of Xerxes (Esth. ii, 14). B.C. cir. 525. See Hegai. Shabbath. See Sabbath ; Talmud. Shab'bethai [many Shahbe/h'ai, some Shabbeth- a'l] (Heb. Shabbeth…

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Section 793

Saadias, which has the same meaning. Gesonius {Gram. § 86, and Jesaia xiii, 0) regards "^^'IJ, shaddai, as the plural of majesty, from a singular noun, 1'0,shad, root Tl'iT, shaddd, of which the primary notion seems to be "to be strong" (Fiirst, Ilandwb.). It is evident that this derivation was present to the mind of t…

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Section 794

Sha'drach (Heb. Shadrah', T\^y:: ; Sept. "EtSpciK V. r. ^iSpax; Vulg. Sidrach), the Chaldee name of Hananiah, the chief of the " three children" who were Daniel's companions (Dan. i, 7, etc.). His song, as given in the Apocryphal Daniel, forms part of the service qf the Church of England, under the name of '-Benedicite…

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Section 795

Shaft appears in a few passages of the A. V. in two senses as the rendering of (</) vn, chets (Isa. xlix, 2), an «>-?-o?<; (as often elsewhere) ; ib) fp^, »/o'eA-, proper- ly a thigh (as often) ; hence the shank of the golden candelabrum in the Tabernacle, where the stem (i^3p) separated into the three feet (Exod. xxv,…

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Section 796

Shaked. See Almond. Shakers, the popular name of an American com- munistic sect who call themselves "The United Socie- ty of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing." I. History. — The Shakers arose as a distinct body in the first half of the 18th century, but are accustomed to trace their origin back to the Camisards…

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Section 797

2. The new revelation teaches the doctrines of the soul's immortality and its resurrection, which they be- lieve to be the quickening of the germ of a new and spiritual life, denying a bodily resurrection. Those who marry and indulge in the earthly procreative relation they term "the cliildren of this woild." Thev do n…

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Section 798

Shiiker Costumes. ner. Faiths of the World; narper\i Magazine, xv, 146 sq. ; Marsden, Diet, of Churches; Nordhoft', Communis- tic Societies of the United States (N. Y. 1875), p. 117 sq, Shakli, in Hindu mythology, is the consort of Siva, whom he loved so greatly that despair led him to pull out one of his hairs on th…

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Section 799

Shal'isha [some Shall' sha'] (lloh. Skalishah', ri'i"b'^, perhaps triangle; Sept. yiakiaaa v. r. 2t\x«)i a district ('j^'^lN, "land") traversed by Saul when in search of the asses of Kish (1 Sam. ix, 4). It apparently lay between "Mount Ephraim" and the "land of Shaa- lim," a specification which, with all its evident p…

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Section 800

10. A priest of the descen(iants of Bani, who had taken a strange (i. e. idolatrous) wife, and was compelled by Ezra to put her away (Ezra x, 42). B.C. 457. 11. One of the Levitical porters who did the same (Ezra X, 24). B.C. 457. 12. Son of Halohesh and " ruler of the half part of Jerusalem," who, with his daughters…

1,033 words SECTION 801

Section 801

Sha'ma (Heb. Shama', "^"^, obedient; Sept. Sajii- fxa V. r. Eaii^ia^d), the first natned of two sons of Ho- than, who were valiant captains in the body-guard of David (1 Chron. xi, 44). B.C. cir. 1020. See David. Shamana, in Hindfi mythology, is the surname of the god of the underworld, signifving "the stream of hell.…

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Section 802

2. The son of Mahli and father of Bani, of the tribe of Levi (1 Chron. vi, 46). B.C. perhaps cir. 1658. Sham'gar (Heb. Shamgur', ^5^1^, possibly sword [comp. Samgar'] ; Sept. 2a/(fynp, Josephus '2ai'uya- poQ), son of Anath, and third judge of Israel. B.C. 1429. It is possible, from his patronymic, that Sham- gar may h…

1,016 words SECTION 803

Section 803

3. A Kohathite Levite, son of Michah, and a servant in the sanctuary in David's time (1 Chron. xxiv, 24). B.C. cir. 1020. SHAMIR IN Jewish Tradition. In the Pirl-e A both, V, 8, we read that " ten things were created on the eve of the Sabbath," among which was also the " Shamir." According to Jewish tradition, the Sha…

1,099 words SECTION 804

Section 804

(B.P.) Sham'ma (Heb. Shnmma', X'S'J, astonl<ihment or desolation; Sept. ^aj-ij^id v. r. 'Siaj.id and Sj/ui), the eighth named of the eleven sons of Zophah of the tribe of Asher (1 Chron. vii, 37), B.C. post 1658, Sham'mah (Heb. Shammah', <l53d, astonishment or desolation), the name of four or five Hebrews. 1. (Sept.…

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Section 805

the Great (q. v.), with whom he is as closely associated in Jewish history as are the names of Castor and Pollux in (ireek and Roman mythology. But comparatively little is known of him. Though one of his maxims was " Let the study of the law be fixed, say little and do much, and receive everj' one with the aspect of a …

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Section 806

3. A Levite, the grandson of Jcdulthun, son of Ga- lal, and father of Abda (Neh. xi, 17). B.C. ante 450. He is the same as Shkmaiah the father of Obadiah (1 Chron. ix, 16). 4. The representative of the priestly family of Bil- gah, or Bilgai, in the daj-s of the high-priest Joiakim (Neh. xii, is). B.C. cir." 500. Sham…

1,094 words SECTION 807

Section 807

SHANI 618 SHARA MALACHAI in all the processes of nature, and binding all the parts together in one mighty organism. — Gardner, Faiths of the World, s. v. Shani. See Cuimson; Scarlet. Shank, Joseph, a minister of the Methodist Epis- copal Church, was horn in Schoharie, N. Y., about 1818, and professed conversion at…

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Section 808

2. A son of Adlai, who had charge of king David's herds in the valleys (1 Chron. xxvii, 29). B.C. cir. 1020. 3. The father of Elisha the prophet (1 Kings xix, 16, 19; 2 Kings iii, 11 ; vi, 31). B.C. ante 900. " 4. A Gadite who dwelt in Bashan in Jotham's time (1 Chron. v, 12). B.C. cir. 750. 5. One of the descendant…

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Section 809

Sharon is derived by Gesenius {Thesanr. p. G42) from "ID'^, to he straiffht or even — the root, also, of Mishor, the name of a district east of Jordan. The application to it, however, by the Sept., by Josephus (.4 nt. xv, 13, 3 ; War, i, 13, 2), and by Strabo (xvi, p. 758) of the name Apvfioc, or Apvfiol, " woodland,"…

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Section 810

2. The Sharon of 1 Chron. v, 16 is distinguished from the western plain by not having the article attached to its name. It is also apparent from the passage itself that it was some district on the east of Jordan in the neighborhood of Gilead and Bashan (see Bachicne, II, iii, 233). Reland objects to this {Palxcsf. p. 3…

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Section 811

SHARP 621 SHARPE 8vo ; 2d ed. with an appendix on Christ's divinity, 1802, 12mo) : — On Bubylon (1805, 12mo) : — Case of Saul {IS07, V2mo):^ Jerusalem (1808, 8vo), See Hoare, Memoirs ami Correspondence of Granville Sharp (1820, 4to: 2d ed. 1828, 2 vols. 8vo) ; Stuart, Memoirs oj' Gran- ville Sharp (N. Y. 1830, 12mo)…

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Section 812

Sharp, Solomon, a minister of the Methodist Episcojjal Church, was born in Carolina County, Md., April 0,1771. His parents were pioneer Methodists. In 1791, when about twenty years old, he began to travel " under the presiding elder." In 1792 he was admitted to the conference and sent to Milford Circuit, Del.; and he c…

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Section 813

Shastamuni, in Hindu mythology, is a surname of Budilha, signifying " the instructor of the Munis." Shastava, in Hindu mythology, is a surname of Siva, denoting " the avenger." Shastias, or Shasters, The Great (from the Sanscrit sds, " to teach"), the sacred books of the Hin- diis. They are all of them written in the…

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Section 814

Sha'veh-kiriatha'im (Heb. Shaveh' Kiryatha'- yini, D'^r'^";p T^y^, plain of the double city; Sept. Sav?) r] TTtiXte), a plain at or near the city of Kiriathaim, oc- cupied b)' the Emim at the time of Chedorlaomer's in- vasion (Gen. xiv, 5). Schwarz finds the town (which is known to have been located east of the Jordan)…

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Section 815

Sha'W, Addison C, a minister of the Jlethodist Episcopal Church, was born about 1814, and united with the Church when fourteen years of age. He was licensed as a local preacher when twenty-four years old, and joined the Michigan Conference, becoming a member of the Detroit Conference at its formation. He died at Ypsi- …

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Section 816

the degree of LL.D. from Union College. He died in August, 1824. He published a Sermon ]}reached before the A Ibuny Bible Society in 1820 (8vo) ; and his last ser- mon. The Gospel Call, was published shortly after his death, with a brief biographical notice. See Sprague, Annals of the A mer. Pulpit, ix, 85. Shavr, Lev…

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Section 817

From a passage quoted by Nares (Glossary), it appears that the shawm had a mournful sound: " He that never wants a Gilead full of balm For his elect, shall tuiu thy woful shalm Into the merry pipe." G. Tooke, Bclides, p. 18. —Smith. Shayith. See Thorn, Sheaf is the rendering in the A. V. of the following words in t…

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Section 818

Shear-ja'shub (Heb. Shear' Yashub', a^nr; nxd, a 1-emnant shall return; Sept. o KaraXtKp^fic iacovji), son of the prophet Isaiah, who accompanied his father when he proceeded to deliver to king Ahaz the cele- brated prophecy contained in Isa. vii (see ver. 3). B.C. cir. 735. As the sons of Isaiah sometimes stood for si…

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Section 819

We have assumed the identity of the Arabic Seba with Sheba (XDd). The plur. form D'^NSw! corre- sponds with tlie Gr. Srt/3«7o( and the Lat. Sabni. Ge- senius compares the Hel). with Ethiop. .SV/;«,"man." The Hebrew Shin is, in by far the greater number of instances, Sin in Arabic [see Gesen.] ; and the historical, ethn…

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Section 820

rib (Jfushfarnk, s. v.), or the country in the Yemen, of which the city was Ma-rib" {Marasid, s. v.). Near Seba was the famous dike of El-'Arim, said by tradi- tion to have been built by Lidinian the '.\dite, to store water for the inhabitants of tiie place, and to avert the descent of tiie mountain torrents. The catas…

1,230 words SECTION 821

Section 821

5. (Sept. 2f/3££ V. r. So/3a^s.) A chief Gadite resi- dent in Bashan in the reign of Jeroboam II (1 Chron. V, 13). B.C. 781. 6. (Sept. Sfljuaa v. r. Sa/3sE.) One of the towns of the allotment of Simeon (.Josh, xix, 2). It occurs be- tween Beer-sheba and Moladah. In the list of the cities of the south of Judah, out of …

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Section 822

3. (Sept. St/iai'i'a.) Another Levite who joined in tlie same covenant (Neh. x, 12). B.C. 459. 4. (Sejit. 2f/3n)'i, Tfxevia.) A priest who did the same (Neh. x, 4; xii, 14). B.C. 459. He had a son SIIEBARIM 629 SIIECUEM named Joseph (ver. 14). He is apparently the same elsewhere (_ver. 3) called Sheciianiah (q. v.…

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Section 823

4. A person apparently mentioned as one of the "sons" of Pharosh (i.e. Farosh). and father or progeni- tor of a Zechariah who returned from the exile in the time of Artaxerxes (Ezra viii, 3). B.C. ante 459. As the phraseology, however, is here peculiar, many con- nect the clause containing this name with the preceding …

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Section 824

{Hisf. Nal. V, 13), Josephus (ihid.) calls it NeapoKs (NfHTToXic, " New Town"), from its having been rebuilt by Vespasian after the Roman war in Palestine; and this name is found on coins still extant (Enckel, iJoiir. Num. iii, 433). See Nkapolis. This last name it has still retained in the Arab Nablus, and is one of t…

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Section 825

III. /Jistori/. — The allusions to Shechem in the Bible are numerous, and show how important the place was in Jewish history. Abraham, on his first migration to the land of promise, pitched his tent and built an altar under the oak (or Terebinth) of Moreh at Shechem. '• The Canaanite was then in the land ;" and it is e…

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Section 826

SHECHEM 632 SHECHEM The "certain men from Shechcm" mentioned in Jer. xli, 5, who were slain on tlieir way to Jerusalem, were possibly Cuthites, i. e. Babylonian immigrants who had become proselytes or worshippers of Jehovah (see Hit- zig, Ikr Pruph. Jer. p. 331). These Babylonian settlers in the land, intermixed, no…

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Section 827

IV. Description. — 1. The natural features of the neigh- borhood are the two mountains Gerizim and Ebal, stand- ing in front of each other like two giants, with the little valley running between, and on the eastern side the noble plain of Mukhna stretching from north to south. The two nioinitains run in parallel ranges…

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Section 828

The situation of the town is one of surpassing beauty. "The land of Syria," said Mohammed, "is beloved by Allah beyond all lands, and the part of Syria which he loveth most is the district of .Jerusalem, and the place which he loveth most in the district of Jerusalem is the mountain of Nablus" {Fundgi: des Orients, ii,…

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Section 829

Maj) of the Vicinity of Sliecheni. ers must not imagine them to be similar to European streets, fortned by the front of lines of houses, private or public ; but the streets of Nabliis, like those of other Ori- ental towns, are only passages between dead walls, ex- cept where the bazaars break the monotony. These are t…

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Section 830

(1.) With regard to the first of these, we may ob- serve that the language in the original is remarkably descriptive of the spot. Had Jacob bought a ]iortion of the valley, we should have had eiurk, p w". but here it is a part of the xadeh, HTtiJil, the level cultivated land, the plain of iMukhna already doscrilicd ; a…

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Section 831

SHECHEM 636 SHECHEM well, and sent liis disciples to the city situated in the narrow valley, intending, on tlieir return, to proceed along the plain on his way to Galilee, without himself visiting the city. All this corresponds exactly to the present character of the ground. The well, too, was Jacob's Well, of high …

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Section 832

(3.) About half-way between Jacob's Well and the city, and nestling in a bend of Mount Gerizim, is the mosque Sheik el-Amvd (the Saint of the Pillar), so called from a Mussulman saint. This saint, however, is only a modern invention of the INIohammedans. By the Samaritans the place is simply called El-Amud. the Pillar,…

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Section 833

1. Rabbinical Import. — The use of the term is first found in the Targums, where it forms a frequent periph- rasis for God, considered as dwelling among the chil- dren of Israel, and is thus used, especially by Onkelos, to avoid ascribing corporeity to God himself, as Castell tells us, and may be compared to the analog…

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Section 834

The rabbins affirm that the Shechinah first resided in the tabernacle prepared by Moses in the wilderness, into which it descended on the day of its consecration in the figure of a cloud. It passed thence into the sanc- tuary of Solomon's Temple on the day of its dedication by this prince, where it continued till the d…

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Section 835

certain that the ark was still the special symbol of God's presence and power (Josh, iii, iv, vi ; 1 Sam. iv; Psa. Ixviii, 1 sq. ; comp. with Numb, x, 35; Psa. cxxxii, 8; Ixxx, 1; xcix, 1 ), and since such passages as 1 Sam. iv, 4, 21, 22; 2 Sam. vi, 2; Psa. xcix, 7; 2 Kings xix, 15, seem to ini[ily the continued manif…

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Section 836

But of all these ancient recorded thet>plianies the most signal and illustrious was undoubtedly that which was vouchsafed in the pillar of cloud that guided the march of the children of Israel through the wilderness on their way to Canaan. A correct view of this sub- ject clothes it at once with a sanctity and grandeur…

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Section 837

The term nii^'^pp, lesitdh (literally something iceighed out, A. V. " piece of money," Gen. xxxiii, 1 9 ; Job xlii, 11 ; "piece of silver," Josh, xxiv, 32), has been supposed by many to denote a coin stamped with the figure of a lamb; but (Tcsenius suggests {Thesaur. p. 1241) that specimens of that sort are probably on…

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Section 838

Domestic sheep, although commonly regarded as the progeny of one particular wild species, are probably an instance, among many similar, where the wisdom of Providence has provided subsistence for man in different regions by bestowing the domesticating and submissive instincts upon the different species of animals which…

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Section 839

pecudum imaginationem tantum fuisse causam adju- vantem, ac plus in hoc negotio divin.-e tribuendum esse virtuti, ([uaj suo concursu sic debilem causie secunda; vim adauxit ut quod ea sola secundum naturam praista- re non valeret id divina benedictione supra naturam pra3staret;" and then Nitschmann cites the passage in…

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Section 840

generally of rude construc- tion, but are someliines high and well-built enclosures or towers ( generally round ). which are im])regnable to any force of the depreda- tors when once the flock is within them. Such towers also occur in districts where there are oidy small dis- persed settlements and vil- lages, and serve…

931 words

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Public-domain 19th-century biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical reference work; OCR text from Internet Archive. Historical scholarship and terminology reflect its era; OCR may contain errors. Verify quotations and current scholarly claims independently.

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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.