PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
McClintock & Strong Cyclopaedia — Volume 1
John McClintock & James Strong · 1,247,856 words · 1227 reading sections
Section 901
BAXTER ^02 at that place some time, and finding his health im- proved, he visited London just before the deposition (1f Cromwell, and preached to the Parliament the day previous to its voting the restoration of the king. He preached occasionally about the city of London, having | a license from Bishop Sheldon. He was …
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(3.) The benefits derived to all men equally, from the satisfaction of Christ, he thus states: "All man- kind, immedl lehj upon Christ's satisfaction, are re- deemed and delivered from that legal necessity of per- ishing which they were under (not by remitting sin or punishment directly to them, but by giving up God's …
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down to us. See Fisher's articles in Bibl. Sacra, ix, 135, 300 ; and reprint of Baxter's End of Controversy in Bibl. Sacra, April, 1855 ; see also Sir James Stephen, Essays, ii, 1 ; Orme, Life and Times of Baxter (Lond. 1830, -1 vols. 8vo); Watson, Theol. Institutes, ii, 410 ; Nicholls, Calvinism an. 1 . 1 rminianism, …
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Bayle, Peteh, was horn at Carlat, formerly in the Comte de i'oix. November 18th, 1617, his father being a Prol sstant minister. At the age of nineteen he was Bent to the college at Puy-Laurens, where he studied from 1666 to 1669 with an ardor that permanently in- jured bis health. Subsequently he was sent to Tou- louse…
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BAZLITII 705 BDELLIUM s^m^M^ ] mure man piouauii \l \ as yet unknown in i illy he would certainly V from the costly con Bazaar at Alexandria. course which it offers. And this is partly true ; for the market is the resort not only of the busy, but of the idle and the curious — of those who seek discussion, or i…
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BEACH 706 BEAN Is obtained from HeudolotM Africana (Richard and Guillemin, Fl. >!, Senegambie). It is a natural pro- duction of Senegal, and is called by the natives, who ,,, ,k ■ tooth-picks of its spines, niottout. It consists of rounded or oval tears, from one to two inches in diam- et t. of a dull and waxy fract…
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Beam, the rendering in the Auth. Vers, of the fol- lowing words : SIX, e'reg, a web, Judg. xvi, 14 ; "shut- tle," Job ii, 6; Tl3tt, manor', a. yoke, hence a weaver's frame, or its principal beam, 1 Sam. xvii, 7 ; 2 Sam. xxi, 19; 1 Chron. xi, 23; xx, 5; 3.3, neb, a board, 1 Kings vi, 9; CE3, Tcaphis', a cross-beam or gi…
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Bear (afa or 21, dob, in Arabic dub, in Persic deeb and dab ; Greek apicroe) is noticed in 1 Sam. xvii, 34, 36, 37 ; 2 Sam. xvii, 8 ; 2 Kings ii, 24 ; Prov. xvii, 12 ; xxviii, 15; Isa. xi, 7 ; lix, 11 ; Lam. iii, 10; Hos. xiii, 8 ; Amos, v, 19 ; Dan. vii, 5 ; Wisd. xi, 17 ; Ecclus. xlvii, 2; Rev. xiii, 2. Although some…
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For the constellation Ursa Major, or "the Great Bear," see Astronomy. Beard (",pT, zdkan'; Gr. iruiyutv). The customs of nations in respect to this part of the human coun- tenance have differed and still continue to differ so widely that it is not easy with those who treat the beard as an incumbrance to conceive prope…
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Ancient Egyptian f:il*e Beards. all other times shaved. Hence Joseph, when released from prison, "shaved his beard" to appear before Pharaoh (Gen. xli, 14). Egyptians of low caste or mean condition are represented sometimes, in the spir- it of caricature apparently, with beards of slovenly growth (Wilkinson, ii, 127).…
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Beast, the translation of i~!^fj2, behemah', dumb animals, quadrupeds, the most usual term; also of "P"3, be'ir' ', grazing animals, flocks or herds, Exod. xxii, 5; Num. xx, 4, 8, 11; Psa. lxxviii, 48; once beasts of burden, Gen. xlv, 17 ; ill, chay, Chaldee N^n, chaya', a wild beast, frequently occurring ; T^E3, nt'ph…
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have discussed these questions (Kitto). SeeZooLOGT. The Mosaic regulations respecting domestic animals exhibit a great superiority over the enactments of other ancient nations (for those of the Areopagus, see « .'uint. I. Juslit. v,9,13; forthose of the Zend-avesta Bee Rhode, ffeU. s ,, , ,, ;:;*. m, W5), and contain t…
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Beatific Vision, a theological expression used to, signify the vision of God in heaven permitt3d to the blessed. Beating. See Bastinado. Beatitudes, the name frequently given to the first clauses of our Saviour's Sermon on the Mount (q. v.), beginning with the phrase " Blessed," etc. (Matt, v, 3-11). The present "Mou…
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Beauchamp, William, an early and distinguish- ed MethodiVt Episcopal minister. He was lorn in Kent County, Del., April 26th, 1772; joined the M. E. Church about 1788. In 1790 he taught a school at Monongahela, Va., began to preach in 1791, and in 1793 he travelled under the presiding elder. In 1794 he joined the itiner…
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Beautiful Gate (lonaia 7rv\n), the name of one of the ^ates of tha Temple (Acts iii, 2). It was the entrance to tli3 Court of the Women, immediately op- posite the Gate of Shushan, the eastern portal through the outer wall into Solomon's Porch (see Strong's Har- mony and Erpisilion ofths Gospels, App. II, p. f 33, and …
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BEAUTY OF HOLINESS. See Holiness, Beau- ty of. Beb'ai, the name of one or two men, and a place. 1. (Heb. Bebay', "U2, from the Pehlvi bob, father; Sept. j3a[3ai, fitifiai, pa/31, and /SjjjSi), the head of one of the families that returned from Babylon with Zerub- babel (B.C. 53G) to the number of 623 (Ezra ii, 11 ; 1…
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A third solution of both the above difficulties is to transfer from the 35th verse to the 38th of Num. xxvi the clause, " Of Becker the family of the Backrites," in- serting it in its natural place between Bela and his family and Ashbel and his family; the 38th verse would then stand thus: uThe sons of Benjamin, after …
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BECON 715 BED Becket's devotion to the king. But, once consecrated, it devolved upon him to decide whether ho would serve the Church or the state, and he declared for the former without hesitation. The king and his late minister were equally matched for their inflexibility, quickness of resolution, undaunted courage…
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Bec'tileth, the plain of (t6 irecioi' BaiicrikaiQ v. r. B{K7-£\s0 = Heb. T.b^p rP3, house of slaughter), mentioned in Judith ii, 21, as lying between Nineveh and Cilicia. The name has been compared with Bac- tae.lla (BtncraiaA.X//), a town of Syria named by Ptole- my (lxix, 35) as situated in Castiotis (v, 15) ; Bactla…
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Be'dad (Ileb. Br dad', 1^2, separation, otherwise for -HX---:. son o/Adad; Sept. Bapad), the father of Iladad, a king in Edom (Gen. xxxvi, 35; IChr. i, 4C). B.C. ante 1093. Be 'dan (Ileb. Bedan', -,na, signif. doubtful; see below), the name of two men. 1. In 1 Sam. xii, 11, we read that the Lord sent as | deliverers …
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sources. Bede published this history about the year 734, when, as he informs us, he was in his fifty-ninth year, but before this he had written man)' other books on various subjects, a catalogue of which he subjoined to his history. So great was his reputation, that it was said of him, " hominem, in extremo orbis angul…
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BEDEIAII 718 BEDSTEAD plete edition in Migne, Patrohgia Cursus, vols. 90-90 I p.uis L850, 6 vols. 8vo). An edition of the historical and theological works (edited by .1. A. Giles, LL.D.) was published at London in 1842-3, in 12 vols. 8vo. The best edition of the Latin text of the Historia. Ec- clesiastica is that of…
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Bedil. See Tin. Bedolach. See Bdellium. Bedstead (lU'nS, e'res, Deut. iii, 11 ; elsewhere "couch," "bed"). The couches of the Jews for re- pose and for the use of the sick were usually perhaps simply the standing and fixed divans such as those on which the Western Asiatics commonly make their beds at night. The divan…
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BEE 720 BEECHER flowers; the amazing number and precision of their instincts, and the capability of modifying these by cir- cumstances, bo far as to raise a doubt whether they be not endowed with a portion, at least, of intelligence resembling that of man. The bee is first mentioned in Dent, i, 44, where Mo- ses al…
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In the Septuagint version there is an allusion to the bee, immediately after that of the ant (Prov. vi, 8), which may be thus rendered — "Or go to the bee, and learn how industrious she is, and what a magnificent work she produces ; whose labors kings and common people use for their health. And she is desired ; nd prai…
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Tom's Cabin") as writers. He had a vigorous organ, ization, both physical and mental, and was equally noted for boldness and kindness. As an orator, he was one of the most peculiar, brilliant, and effective of his day. By nature he was a strong reasoner, yet he reasoned rather in the style of an advocate, aiming at a p…
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Beef. See Ox ; Food. BeeTi'ada (Heb. Bcelyada', r"i^?"3, whom Baal knows; Sept. 'EXtaSs v. r. BaWiada), one of David's sons, born in Jerusalem (1 Chron. xiv, 7). B.C. post 1045. In the parallel lists (1 Sam. v, 16; 1 Chron. iii. 8 i he is called by the equivalent name Eliada, El being, perhaps, originally in the name …
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2. (Sept. Vat. Ban)p; the Alex, entirely alters the passage — kcil twopevOri iv oC(>i Kai i(pvytv tig 'Papa; Vulg. in Bera.) A town in the tribe of Judah, to which Jotham fled for fear of Abimelech (Judg. ix, 21). Eu- sebius and Jerome (Onomast. s. v. B>ipa, Beret) place Beer in the great plain eight Roman miles north …
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Kirjath-jearim (Josh, ix, 17). Beeroth was with the rest of these towns allotted to Benjamin (Josh, xviii, 25), in Avhose possession it continued at the time of David, the murderers of Ishbosheth being named as belonging to it (2 Sam. iv, 2). From the notice in this place (ver. 2, 3), it would appear that the original …
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Beersheba appears to have been a favorite abode of both these patriarchs. After the digging of the well Abraham planted a "grove" (brx, E'slieV) as a place for the worship of Jehovah, such as constituted the temples of those early times; and here he lived until the sacrifice of Isaac; and for a long time afterward (xxi…
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BEESIITERAH 725 BEETLE Land of Prom. p. 1). The larger of the two, which lies to the east, is, according to the careful measure- ments of Dr. Robinson, 12i feet diam., and at the time of his visit (Apr. 12) was 44^ feet to the surface of the water; the masonry which encloses the well reaches downward for 28$ feet. T…
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BEEVE r26 BEGINNING The under surface was filled with figures cut in in- t iglio of solar, lunar, and astral symbols and eharac- t ■!-. They were held, according to Pliny, to inspire the soldier with courage, and to protect his person in the day of battle, and also to defend children from the malign influence of the…
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The name Beghards was commonly given in the 13th and 11th centuries (just as "Pietist" and "Meth- odist" were afterward used) to persons who opposed or revolted from the worldly tendencies of the Roman Church. The Waldenses, Wickliffites, and Lollards, in Trance and England, were so named. See Nean- dcr, t'li. //>'. iv…
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") It seems certain contrast in which ticular color, brown, gray, or blue, with a white veil 1>10tl- •» 3o '■> Plm" xxvllb 8)- over the head. Black has become their general color, I tnat an amphibious animal is meant from th and to their former habit is added a cap in the shape ' between vcr. lo, 20, 21, 22, and ver. …
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surrounding seas and deserts, it conveys a more sub- lime conception than if limited to the, crocodile, an an- imal familiar to every Egyptian, and well known even in Palestine." — Kitto, s. v. See Hippopotamus. Behistun or Bisuttm (Lat. Bagistanus; Persian, Baghistdn, Place of Gardens), a ruined town of the Persian p…
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Behmen. See Boehme. Beirut. See Berytus. Be'kah ("£3, be'lca, cleft, i. e. part), a Jewish weight of early use (Exod. xxxviii, 20), being half a shekel (q. v.), the unit of value (Gen. xxiv, 22, " half- shekel"). See Metrology. Every Israelite paid one bekah (about 31 cents) yearly for the support and re- pairs of th…
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2. (Sept. BaXa, Ba\L) The eldest son of Benja- min, according to Gen. xlvi, 21 (where the name is Anglicized "Belah"); Num. xxvi, 38; 1 Chron. vii, 6; viii, 1, and head of the family of the Belaites. !!.('. post 1856. The houses of his family, according to 1 Chron. viii, 3-5, were Addar, Gera, Abihud (read Akihud), Abi…
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Belgic Confession (Confessio BeJg'ca), a confes- sion of faith framed by Guido de Bres, of Brabant, and others, about A.D. 1561 in French, and based on Cal- vinistic principles. It was translated into the vernac- ular in 1563, and was received as a symbolical book by the synods of Antwerp in 1566, of Dort in 1571, 1576…
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The largest body 0f Protestants is the Protestant Union, which is recognised and supported by the Mate, and in 1854 embraced fourteen congregations, two of uliiel, i Mary Hoorbecke, near Ghent, and Dour, in Hen- late from the time of the Reformation. The number of preachers in 1859 was sixteen. The annual synod consist…
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In the original structure of our mental constitution, a firm foundation has been laid for the perception of truth. We set out in our intellectual career with be- lieving, and that, too, on the strongest of all evidence, so far as we are concerned — the evidence of conscious- ness. Dr. Reid, in his Inquiry into the Huma…
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of objects and qualities with this state of things, it must be borne in mind that the primary laws of con- sciousness, the ultimate conditions of thought, are the means according to which this agreement or disagree- ment is ascertained. The standard of truth lies deep in the constitution of man, and if he fails to judg…
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Believers. In the early Church this term (tthtt-oi, ; • applied strictly to the believing or baptized buiy, in contradistinction to the clergy or the catechu- mens. Thej had many titles, honors, and privileges, which raised them above the catechumens. They were called "the illuminated," "the initiated," "the per- fect,…
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It is remarkable that there is no appearance of bells of any kind on the Egyptian monuments. Quite a number of bronze bells, with iron tongues, were dis- covered, however, among the Assyrian ruins in a cal- Ancient Assyrian Tells. dron at Nimroud by Mr. Layard, and are now in the British Museum. They vary in size fro…
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The Blessing of Bells in the Romish Church is a most extraordinary piece of superstition. They are said to be consecrated to < Sod, that he may bestow upon them the power, not of striking the ear only, but also of touching the heart. When a bell is to be blessed, it is hung up in a place where there is room to walk rou…
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Bell, Andrew, D.D. , inventor of what is called the Lancas/erian School System, was born at St. Andrew's, 1752, and educated at the University there. Taking orders in the Church of England, he was appointed chaplain at Fort St. George, and minister of St. Mary's church at Madras. Here he commenced instructing gratuitou…
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Bellamy, Joseph, D.D., an eminent New Eng- land divine, was born at New Cheshire, Conn., 1719, and graduated at Yale College 1735. He began to preach at 18, and in 1740 was ordained pastor of the church in Bethlehem, Conn. In the great revival which soon after spread over New England, he was widely useful as an itinera…
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BELLAY 138 BELLOWS Of the Councils and the Church : among general Council* he reckODS eighteen approved, eight disap- proved, and -ix only partly approved (among which are Frankfort, Constance, and Basle), and one (Pisa, 1509) neither approved nor disapproved. lie gives to the pope the authority to convoke and appro…
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Bellegarde, Octave de, a French prelate, was born in 1585, and nominated to the archbishopric of Sens in 1623. He maintained with firmness the im- munities of the French clergy at the Assembly of Mantes in 1640, and was exiled by the offended court. In 1639 he subscribed the condemnation of the two works entitled Trail…
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ecessors by a special privilege, desired that a monu- ment should be erected "to testify the singular con- sideration which he had for his episcopal virtues." — Biog. Univ. torn, iv, p. 128 ; Landon, Eccles. Dictionary, s. v. Belly (usually "US, be'ten, KoiMa, especially the womb; also D',""5, me'im' , yaari'ip, espec…
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Belshaz'zar (Heb. and Chald. Belshatstsar' [on the signif. see below], ^2X'.y?2; Sept. YSaXraoap) is the name given in the book of Daniel to the last king of the Chaldees, under whom Babylon was taken by the Medes and Persians (chap, v, 1 ; vii, 1 ; viii, 1). B.C. 538. Herodotus calls this king, and also his fa- ther, …
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BELTESIIAZZAK 741 BEN- on the murder of Evilmcrodach (Beros. ap. Joseph. Apion, i): we may therefore well suppose that on the death of his son Labrosoarchad, Nebuchadnezzar's fam- ily was restored in the person of Nabonnedus or La- bynetus. possibly the son of that king and Nitocris, and father of Belshazzar. The ch…
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Ben (Hab. id. "2, son; Sept. omits; Vulg. Ben), a Levite "of the second degree," one of the porters ap- pointed by David to the service of the ark, apparently as an assistant musician (1 Chr. xv, 18). B.C. 1043. Ben- (""3, son of) is often found as the first ele- ment of Scriptural proper names (see those following), …
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Benaiah appears to have bad a son called, after his grandfather, Jehoiada, who succeeded Ahithophel about the person of the king (1 Chron. xxvii, 34). But this i- possibly a copyist's mistake for "Benaiah, the son of Jehoiada."— Smith, s. v. 2. A Pirathonite of the tribe of Ephraim, one of David's thirty mighty men (2…
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IV, Pope, succeeded John IX, April 6, 900, and held the papacy nearly rive years, dying Oct. 20, 004. He crowned, in 901, Louis, King of Provence, as Ro- man Emperor. There are still extant two of his epis- tles, one addressed to the bishops and princes of Gaul, and the other to the clergy and people of Langres, whose …
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XII (.originally Jacob de Novellis), a native of Sa- verdun, and monk of Citeaux, afterward bishop of Pa- miers and of Mirepoix, pope from Dec. 1334, to April, 1312, was the third of the Avignon (q. v.) popes, the friend of Petrarch, and one of the most virtuous <>l the pontiffs. Scarcely was he elevated to the pontifi…
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Benedict of Ncrsia, the great organizer of Western monastieism, was born at Nursia (or Korci .), in Spoleto, of wealthy parents, about A.D. 480. He was educated at Rome, but at 17 years of age he de- termined to devote himself to a monastic life. He tied secretly from Rome, and retired to the desert of Subi- aco, about…
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Benedict of Aniane, or Acnana, a monastic re- former, was born in Languedoc in 750. In 774, be- ing saved from drowning, he resolved to abandon the world, and retired into the monastery of St. Sequanas, near Dijon. His fastings, prayers, and mortifications were almost incredible ; but be soon saw the folly of excess, a…
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csnturv, to the establishment Early Benedictine , • ' , „, ot new orders. Thus arose, on the basis of the rule of St. Benedict, but with many alterations, the orders of Camaldoli [see Camaldu- LES], Fontevrault (q. v.), Chartreux (q. v.), Citeaux [see Cistercians], Humiliates, Olivet ins, Tironene- ans [see Berna…
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Benediction, (1.) in the Bomish Church, an ecclesi- astical ceremony, whereby a thing is rendered sacred or venerable. It differs from consecration, in which unction is used. The Romanists consecrate the chal- ice and bless the pyx. Superstition in the Romish Church has introduced benedictions fur almost every thing. T…
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There are six lawful ways of obtaining a bene- fice, viz. : 1. By the presentation of the patron, and subsequent institution ; 2. by election, and the subse- quent confirmation of the person elected; 3. by popu- lation, and the subsequent confirmation of the person postulated ; 4. by free and voluntary collation ,• 5. …
909 wordsSource & rights
Public-domain 19th-century biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical reference work; OCR text from Internet Archive. Historical scholarship and terminology reflect its era; OCR may contain errors. Verify quotations and current scholarly claims independently.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.