PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
McClintock & Strong Cyclopaedia — Volume 1
John McClintock & James Strong · 1,247,856 words · 1227 reading sections
Section 841
That we will cheerfully contribute of our property, accord- ing as God has prospered us, for the maintenance of a faith- f nl and evangelical ministry among us, for the support of the poor, and to spread the Gospel over the earth : That v.* will in all conditions, even till death, strive to live to the glory of him wh…
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S. The K'?7/.— Man, by his fall into a state of sin, hath whol- ly lost all will to any spiritual good accompanying salvation; so as a natural man, being altogether averse from that good, and dead in sin, is not able by his own strength to convert himself, or to prepare himself thereunto. When God converts a sinner, a…
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23. Loia's Supper The supper of the Lord Jesus was in- f tit u ted by him, the same night wherein he was betrayed, to be observed in his chinches unto the end of the world, for the perpetual remembrance and showing forth the sacrifice of himself in his dt ath. 24. The Reiurrection.—The bodies of men after death re- t…
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icals of the English Baptists consist of 1 weekly, 3 annual, and 9 monthly magazines. 3. In other Countries. — The British Possessions in America had, in 1859, 17 associations, 460 churches, 337 ordained ministers, 65,450 members, and 6 periodicals, of which one was in the French language. For Ger- many, the Report of…
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3. Christ. The Son of God possesses all divine perfections, which is proven from his titles : true God, great God, mighty (oid, ( rod over all, etc. ; his attributes : eternal, unchangeable, omniscient, etc., and from his works, lie is the only incarna- tion of the Divine Being. 4. The Until Spirit.— He has the attri…
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iJAPTISTS 660 BAR time; and. whtn necessary, to read the Scriptures, pray, and exhort at the regular meetings. An an- nual meeting is held about Whitsuntide, and attended by bishops and teachers, as well as by such other mem- bers as may he delegated by the congregations. A committee of five of the oldest bishops he…
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BAPTISTS, SIX -PRINCIPLE. The six prin- ciples which distinguish this section of Baptists from all others are those mentioned in the Epistle to the Hebrews vi, 1, 2, viz. : 1. Repentance from dead works ; 2. Faith toward God ; 3. The doctrine of bap- tisms; 4. The laying on of hands; 5. The resurrection of the dead ; 6…
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BaradcEUS, Jacobus. See Jacobites. Barah. See Beth-barah. Ba'rak (Heb. Barak', p^3, lightning; Sept. and N. T. BapaK, Joseph. Ant. v, 5, 2, BdpaieoQ ; comp. the family name of Hannibal, Barca=" lightning of war"), son of Abinoam of Kedesh-naphtali, a Galilean city of refuge in the tribe of Naphtali (Judg. iv, 6 ; com…
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Barbarian (jSao/Saoof), a term used in the New Testament, as in classical writers, to denote other na- tions of the earth in distinction from the Greeks (Serv. ai Virg. .7:'n. ii, 504). "I am debtor both to the Greeks and Barbarians" (Rom. i, 14). (Comp. Plato, Polit. p. -JGO; Erai. p. 383; Theat. p. 175; Pliny, xxix, …
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Barber (-.22, gallab'). "Son of man, take thee a sharp knife, take thee a barler's razor, and cause it to pass upon thine head and upon thy beard" (Ezek. v, 1). Shaving the head was custcmai}' among the Jews as an act of mourning. See Grief. Sometimes, for the same reason, the hair of the beard was also shaven, or pluc…
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Barclay, John, was born at Pont-a-Mousson, in Lorrain, where his father, William Barclay (q. v.), was law professor, in 1582. He studied at the college of the Jesuits there, and the brethren, observing his gen- ius, attempted to draw him into their order. This offended his father, who left the college with his son in 1…
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ture to the inward light on the same grounds as Boman- ism pleads for the necessity of tradition. He points to the many contradictory interpretations of the Bible, which require a higher criterion, and asserts that this can only be found in the inward divine word. The subjective tendency, if carried out to its conseque…
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Bar-COCheba (dial. X3213 13, son ofthestar), or Simeon Bar-cochda, a Jewish impostor, who ap- plied to himself the prophecy of Balaam (Num. xxiv, 17), and incited the Jews to revolt against the em- peror Hadrian (A.D. 130). He passed himself oft" for the Messiah, and his pretensions were supported by Akiba (q. v.), the…
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T.AKKFOOT G6G 15AR-JONA would perish on the dissolution of his component par- ticles. Be taught that the Boul, created pure, was not originally clothed with flesh, but after the fell was im- prisoned in flesh, the "coat of skins" of Gen. iii, 21 (comp. ('Inn. Alex. Strom, iii, JOG). Hence a per- petual conflict) the…
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| is exorbitant (Lane, Mod. Eg. ii, 15 ; Kitto, Pict. Bi- ble, note in loc. Gen. ; Daily Bible lllust. i, 255). See Merchant ; Contract. Barger, John H., a Methodist Episcopal minister, was born in Kentucky, June 29, 1831. He was edu- cated at the Illinois Wesleyan Cniversity, where he passed A.B. in 1853. In the same…
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Barlaam, a Calabrian monk of St. Basil. He was the end of March, when the later (autumnal) crop had educated among the Latins, but afterward went over to ! only been lately sown (Beschreib. von Arabien, p. 160). the Greeks. He is chiefly known for his attack upon the [ It was earlier than wheat (Exod. ix, 31), and less…
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BARLOW G68 BARNABAS of Conscience, resolved by Barlow, and another volume of <;, mtim /.'< ma nt I Lond. 1693, 8vo).— Darling, s. v. Barlow, William, Bishop of Chichester, was born in Essex, and educated at Oxford. He was a regular canon of St. Augustine, and became prior of tli" In. us.' of Bisbam, in Berks, in 15…
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When Paul made his first appearance in Jerusalem after his conversion, Barnabas introduced him to the apostles, and attested his sincerity (Acts ix, 27). A.D. 30. This fact lends some support to an ancient tradi- tion (Theodor. Lector, Hist. Eccl. ii, 557, ed. Vales.) that they had studied together in the school of Gam…
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usual to preach Christ. But the Jews at once laid hands on him, shut him up till night, then dragged him forth, and, after stoning him, endeavored to burn his mangled body. The corpse, however, resisted the action of the flames ; Mark secretly conveyed it to a cave about five stadia from the city; he then joined Paul a…
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•_'. Au/h irsMp mi./ Date.— Some of the e irly editors (e. g. Voss), and some eminent modern critics (e. g. Pearson, Carr, Wake, Lardner, Giescder, Black), main- tain tint this epistle was written by Barnabas, the companion of St. Paul. But the current of criticism i In- other way, and it is now held as settled that Ba…
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"(4.) In the same chapter, he says of the scape-goat that all the congregation were commanded to spit upon it, and put scarlet wool about its head; and that the BARNABAS 671 BARNABAS person appointed to convey the goat into the wilder- ness took away the scarlet wool and put it on a thorn- bush, whose young sprouts…
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| tie of Paul to the Galatians is a proof to what danger Gentile Christians were exposed in the first ages from the attempts of Judaizing teachers ; so that, in the ab- sence of more exact information, the supposition that the persons addressed were of this class is at least not inconsistent with the train of thought i…
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n in the army, and went with Captain YVcnt- WOrth to England in 1709. In 1716 he was ordained collegiate pastor at Marblehead, and continued to b,- 1 '"■ there until bis death, .Ian. 24, 177n. lie publish- • of the Christian Religion tl 1752); and a number a lonal sermon-. Sprague, Annals, i. 252. Barnea. See Ka…
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it is throughout a partisan work, and must he studied as such. The first edition appeared at Rome under the title Annates Fecli . niastici a Chr. nut > ad annum 1198 France, and was educated at Bourges. Having em- i braced Protestantism, he came over into England in the time of Elizabeth to avoid persecution. Here he …
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j 1723), with corrections and notes. He also had a large share in the edition of Moreri's Dietionnaire Jlistorique, published in 1725. He died in 1738. He was a mem- of the order, requiring a portion of each day to be given to the study and discussion of points in church history, antiquities, and biography, gave the b…
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Barrow, Isaac, D.I)., one of the most eminent '■ ' -' ]l h livini and a distinguished mathematician. ',m "' London, October, 1630, and was educa- ted •'' "'" Cbarl r I rouse, and at Felsted in Essex Af- terward ho wet to Cambridge, and became a pension- er of Trinity College in 1645. In 1649 he was elected fdlow of his…
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Bar'tacus (Bapraeoe ; "Vulg. Bczax), the father of Apame, the concubine of King Darius (1 Esdr. iv, 29, where he is called "the admirable" [o Bav/iaaro^, probably an official title belonging to his rank). The Syriac version has Artak, a name which recalls that of Artachoeas ('Ap7-«Yo<>/<), who is named by Herodo- tus (…
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Of the subsequent history of Bartholomew, or Na- thanael, we have little more than vague traditions. According to Eusebius (Hist. Ecclcs. v, 10), when Pan- t:cnus went on a mission to the Indians (toward the close of the second century), he found among them the Gospel of Matthew, written in Hebrew, which had been left …
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Bartholomew's Day, 1, a festival celebrated on the 24th day of August (or 25th at Rome) in the Church of Rome, and on the 11th of June in the Greek Church, in commemoration of the apostle Bartholo- mew. 2. The day has been rendered infamous in history J in consequence of the massacre of the Protestants in France in 1…
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Bartimae'us (Baprijuaioc.for the Chald. ^XHa ^3? son of Timmai), one of the two blind beggars of Jericho who (Mark x, 46 sq. ; comp. Matt, xx, 30) sat by the wayside begging as our Lord passed out of Jericho on his last journey to Jerusalem, A.D. 29. Notwith- standing that many charged him to be quiet, he con- tinued c…
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15AUT0N G78 BARUCH and was stationed .it Monrovia until his death, which occurred March 19, 1839. He was much loved and honored by the people among whom he labored.— Min- utes qfCi nferences, iii, 61. Barton, Thomas, M.A., an early Episcopal min- ister in America, was horn in Ireland 17.-'0, and edu- cati d at Trin…
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I try by Nabuehodor.osor" (Coram, in Is. xxx, G, 7, p. i 405). Josephus asserts that he was well skilled in the Hebrew language ; and that, after the taking of : Jerusalem, Nebuzaradan treated Baruch*vith consid- eration from respect to Jeremiah, whose misfortunes he had shared, and whom he had accompanied to pris- o…
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3. The Epistle of Jeremiah, which, according to the authority of some Greek MSS., stands in the English version as the 6th chapter of Baruch, is probably the work of a later period. It consists of a rhetorical dec- lamation against idols (comp. Jerem. x, xxix) in the form of a letter addressed by Jeremiah "to them whic…
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BARULI 680 BASE only by the Protestants, but by several Catholics," among" whom he instances Driedo, I.yranus, and Dio- Dysius of ( larthage. He considers that Jerome treats the book with harshness when {Preface to Jeremiah) that father observes, " I have not thought it worth while to translate the book of Baruch, w…
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Base (as a noun) is the rendering in the Auth. Vers, of two Heb. words : 1. "j3, ken, the foundation BASEL 681 BASHAN or pedestal, e. g. of the laver (q. v.) in the temple-court ■ ("foot," Exod. xxx, 18, etc.); then, the "base over the ledges" (Oabfcj, joints) of the brazen sea (q. v.), in 1 Kings vii, 29, apparent…
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being besides a large number of unwalled towns (ver. 5). Its chief cities were Ashtaroth (i. e. Beeshterah, comp. Josh, xxi, 27 with 1 Chron. vi, 71), Edrei, Golan, Salcah, and possibly Mahanaim (Josh, xiii, 30). Two of these cities, viz. Golan and Beeshterah, were allotted to the Levites of the family of Gershom, the …
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Ba'shan-ha'votli- Ja'ir (Heb. hab-Bashan' Chav- v -'// Yalr', 1^ nin ",r?v?. the Bashan of the vil- I tffes of Jair; Sept. llatrav AuibS [v. r. 8«i/w3] 'Imp), leral name imposed by Jair, the son of Manas- seh, upon the region of Argob (q. v.), conquered by him in Bashan (Deut. iii, 14), containing sixty cities, with wa…
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BASIL 6S3 BASIL translation and notes, was published l>y the Jesuits Fronton la Due and Morel (Paris, 1G18, 2 vols, fol., and again 1G38, 3 vols. fol.). Valuable contributions to a more correct edition were made by the Dominican Combefis, in his work Basilius Magnus, ex integro re- cens'tus (Paris, 1G79, 2 vols. 8vo…
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Basil or Basilius, chief of the Bogomiles of the twelfth centur}-. This sect took its rise in Bulgaria. Though it is likely that their enemies laid false charges against them, it is clear that the}- held many corrupt I ideas and practices. From their habit of incessant praying they derived the name of Bogomili, which i…
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in the several portions. The Acts and Epistles con- J very loose and defective. When Tischendorf was at tain a text <>f no great importance ; but the text of the j Rome in 1843, although forbidden to collate it anew, Gospels (now bound at the end of the vol.) is very re- i he was permitted to make a few extracts, and i…
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Ground-plan of Basilica of St. Paul, Rome. When Christianity took possession of the Roman empire, these basilicas were taken as models for church edifices. The pagan temples were built for residences of the deities, not for holding large bodies of people ; and also, being given to unholy purposes, could not be used or…
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*"-■ and Jesus took the form of Simon, a. id looked on, laughing at the folly and ignorance of the Jews ; after which lie ascended into heaven. But it is not certain, or even likely, thai the charge is well-founded. Ba- silides farther taught thai men ought not to confess to him who was actually crucified, but to Jesu…
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(n.) Between the various vessels bearing in the Auth. Vers, the names of basin, bowl, charger, cup, and dish, it is scarcely possible now to ascertain the precise distinction, as very few, if any, remains arc known up to the present time, to exist of Jewish earth- en or metal ware, and as the same words are various- ly…
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4. Kelub', 3^3, so called from its similarity to a bird-ca2;e or trap QcdpraXXog is used in the latter sense in Ecclus. xi, 30), probably in regard to its having a lid. From the etymology, this appears to have been BASKET 688 BASLE an interwoven basket, made of leaves or rushes. In Jer. v, 27, however, it is used f…
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BASLE, CONFESSION OF, a Calvinistic confes- sion adopted by the Protestants of Basle in 1581. CEco- lampadius, a short time before his death, introduced a BASLE 689 BASLE short confession of faith in a speech he delivered at the opening of the synod of Basle in Sept. 1531. This short confession became the basis of …
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and punished." In the third session (April 29, 1432), Pope Eugene was summoned to appear before the council within three months. In August the pope sent legates to vindicate his authority over the coun- cil ; and in the eighth session (Dec. 18) it was agreed that the pope should be proceeded against canonically, in ord…
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1. Benjamin, was horn at Carentan in 1580, and during fifty-one years was pastor of the church which his lather had held at Carentan. He attended, as provincial deputy, nearly all the synods of the Prot- estant churches of France held during his lifetime. He presided over the assembly held at Roehelle in 1622, which de…
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Bason. See Basin. Bass, Edward, D.D., Protestant Episcopal bishop of Massachusetts, was born at Dorchester, Nov. 23, 1726. He graduated at Harvard, 1744, and, after sev- eral years of teaching, was licensed as a Congrega- tional minister. In 1752 he joined the Church of Eng- land, was ordained in England, and became p…
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Bastinado (or beating) has always been of univer- sal application as a punishment of minor offences in the East, and especially in Egypt. It appears to be desig- nated by the Heb. phrase "IDIE 'J2d, she'bet musar ', "rod of correction" (Prov. xxii, 15). See Ron. The punishment of beating with sticks or rods, termed "sc…
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Bastwick, John, M.D., was born at Writtle, Es- I, and studiedat Cambridge. He took bis de- gree of M.D. at Padua, and settled at Colchester, as physician, in 1G24. During the rest of his life he seems 1 >H his leisure time to theological study and controversy. His first publication was Elenchus nquapr6baturnequeApostol…
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Egyptian Bats, and their Heads in full size. 1. Tai'hozoua Perfomtus; 2. Rliinolojihus Tridzns. eral species of these animals are found in Egj'pt, some of which occur doubtless in Palestine. Mo/ossus Rup- pelii, Vespertilio pipistrellus var. Aegyp>tius, V. ouritus var. Aegijpt., Taphozous perforatus, Nycteris Thebaica…
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Bates, William, D.D., a learned Nonconformist, was born in 162.% place unknown. He was educated at Cambridge, where he was admitted D.D. in 1660. Soon after the Restoration he was appointed chaplain to Charles II, and was also, for some time, minister of St. Dunst. m's, from whence he was ejected by the Act of Uniformi…
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Ancient Egyptian Lady in the Bath with her Attendants. Fig. 1, The. lady, seated on a mat or carpet . 2, An attendant holding a flower and supporting her; 3, Rubs her arm with the hand, ns in the modern Turkish bath; 4, i'oura water over her; &, Takes cure of her clothes and ornaments. BATHER 695 BATH-SHEBA D'Ohsso…
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Bathra. See Mishna. Bath-rab'bim (Heb. Bath-rabbim', CPS^-Fa, daughter of many ; Sept. translates literally Svyariip iroWwv), the name of one of the gates of the ancient city of Ileshbon, by (5S) which were two " pools," to which Solomon likens the eyes of his beloved (Cant, vii, 4 [5]). The "Gate of Bath-rabbim" at H…
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Batman, Stephen', an English divine and poet, was born at Bruton, Somerset, in 1537, studied at Cam- bridge, became chaplain to Abp. Parker, and died in 1587. He published The Travayl d Pilgrim. " an alle- gorico-theological romance" of human life (1560, 4to); .1 Cristall Glass of Christian Reformation (1569, 4to); Joy…
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born character of the Jews, battles fought among them- selves were particularly sanguinary, such, for example, as that in which Jeroboam, king of Israel, was defeat- ed by Abijah of Judah (2 Chron. xiii, 3, 17), where, if there be no error of copyists, there was a greater slaughter than in ten such battles as that of L…
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8 BAUR Baumgarten-Crusius, Lddwig Friedrich Ot- to, an eminent German theologian, was born July 31, 1788, at Merseburg. He studied at the University of Leipsic, and in 1812 became professor extraordinarius of theology at Jena, after which his rise was steady. After a life of unwearied activity, both as lecturer Oriui…
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BAVARIA the Church of modern times. Part I extends over the period from the apostolical age to the Synod of Nice. In point of extent and completeness this work of Baur will take rank among the foremost works in this de- partment of German theologj'. — Herzog, lical-Ency- klopddie, Supplem. vol. i ; Fisher, Essays on t…
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do fthe 18th century Maximilian" Joseph II and his minister Montgelas introduced religious toleration and suppressed a large number of convents. At this tini" Bavaria received a number of possessions which, from the beginning of the Reformation, had been wholly or prominently Protestant. Among these were the margravia…
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The king, though a Roman Catholic, is regarded as the supreme bishop of the Protestant Church. He exercises the episcopal power through a supreme con- sistory at Munich, which consists of a president, four clerical and one lay councillor. Subordinate to it are two Lutheran provincial consistories, at Anspach and Baireu…
1,305 wordsSource & rights
Public-domain 19th-century biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical reference work; OCR text from Internet Archive. Historical scholarship and terminology reflect its era; OCR may contain errors. Verify quotations and current scholarly claims independently.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.