PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
McClintock & Strong Cyclopaedia — Volume 2
John McClintock & James Strong · 1,214,832 words · 1184 reading sections
Section 661
CORINTHIANS 613 CORINTHIANS ion Titas had been sent by Paxil to Corinth, parUy to collect money in aid of the distressed Christians in Palestine, partly to observe the effect of the apostle's first epistle on the Corintliians. In this expectation ' of meeting Tittis at Troas Paul was disappointed. He ; acoordin^y pr…
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5. ^'The genuineness and authenticity is supported by the most decided external testimony (Irennus, Haer. iii, 7, 1 ; iv, 28, 8 ; Athenagoras, de Beswrr. p. 61, ed. Col. ; Clem. Alex. Strom, iii, 94; iv, 101 ; Tertull. de Pudicit, chap. 18), and by internal evidence of such a kind that what has been said on this point …
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Corlnihiifl (Koptv^oc), an Arabian, one of HenMTs body-guard, greatly trusted by him till arrested on information by Fabatus of being bribed by Sylljns to kill his master, which he confessed on tartare, a&i was sent by Satuminus to Rome for punishment (Jo- sephus, Ant. xvii, 8, 2 ; War, i, 29, 8). Cormao MacCulinak, a…
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reater Cormorant {PhaUuroeorax Carbo).— The bird In front is in ftill plnmage, that behind in its Spring dress. The cormorant belongs to the natural order of the jPelicanidce of Linnasus, and the species have the char- acteristic habit of watching on high cliffs, and, on per- ceiving a fish in the water, of darting do…
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The other words occasionally translated <'com" in the Bible are i'^ia, betil' (Job xxiv, 6), ''provm- der'' (Isa. xxx, 24) or '"fodder" (Job vi, 6) ; TJJk, ^'. ren (Dent, xvi, 18), elsewhere " IhrtMng-fiocr f* rrajj, hamah' (Deut xvi, 9; Isa. xvii, 5), ^^$tcmding com,'* as often elsewhere; kokkoq (John xii, 24), a "^ra…
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cornelujs 617 CORNELIUS A LAPmE of having fint preached to the Ckntiles (xv, 7) ; that the remark of Uie oppoeing party at Jerusalem, when ocmTinoedy ** then hath God also to the Gentiles grant- ed rq»eRt€moe wtio Ufe," would have been inapplicable upon the verynndples of those who assert that Cor- nelins was a pros…
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There are monographs on the history of Corne- lius in German by Linder (Basel, 1830), Krununacher (Brem. 1829, transl. Edhiburgh, 1839), hi Latin by Ba- ail iOpp, p. 108), in English by Evans (Script. Biog. iii, 309); also in Latin, on his character by Fecht (Roet. 1701), Feuerlm (Altorf. 1736) ; on Peter's vision, by …
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Hittite Ear.loek8. place just above the ear, leaving the hair on tiie side of the &ce and the whiskers, which hung down in a ^aited lock. 8. C)9^, h(maph\ a wing (as elsewhere often), is usd in Isa. 3d, 12 ; Ezek. vii, 7, to express ^ the fimr car- fi«r< of the earth," or the whole land. 4. P)n9, hatheph', a tlundde…
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The CoBNBB-OATB (TlSfin ^?^) of Jemsalem, spoken of in 2 Kings xiv, 13; 2 Chron. xxvi, 9; Jer. xxxi, 38, was on the N.W. side of the ancient city, in Josephus's "second wall," and between the present sites of Calvary and the Damascus Gate. (See Strong's Harmony and Exposition of the Goepelij Appendix ii, p. 17.) See Je…
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Ancient Oornets: a, from Hercnlanemn ; 5,fix)mCalmet "The silver trumpets (C)^? ni^XIXh) which Mo- ses was charged to furnish ifor the Israelites were to be used for the following purposes : for the calling to- gether of the assembly, for the journeying of the camps, for sounding the alarm of war, and for cele- bratin…
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** Besides the use of the comet on the ftetival of * blowing the trumpets,' it is also sounded in Uie syna- gogue at the close of the service for the day of ataoe- ment, and, among the Jews who adopt the litoal of the Sephardimj on the seventh day of the feast of tab- ernacles, known by the post-biblical denominatioo o…
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2. Physical injuries committed upon a free Israelite were to be avenged by retaliation npon the author (Exod. xxi, 23 sq. ; Lev. xxiv, 19 sq.). See Daxa* GE8. 8. Of foreign corporal inflictions we may here enu- merate the following : (1.) Partial dichotomy, or the cutting off of the nose and ears, also of the hands o…
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the streets in fhmt of the priest who carries tbe in « precious box, where it can be seen under a held by four laymen of rank. A crowd of people closes the procession. — Bock, Diet, a. t. ; C&^ ott, Ddmeation of Bomamtm, bk. ii, cb. vii ; Sk^ Handb, d, ChrisU. AUertk&mer, and references then; and for the Romish view, B…
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JVSTINIAK. CoireotOres RomOni, a congregation of cardi- nals and Boman theologians of thirty-five members, appointed by pope Pins Y to revise the decretwn Cfror Hani (see Corpus juris Canonici), Among the five car- dinals who belonged to the college was Hugo Boncom- pagnus (subsequently pope Gregory XIII). The work wa…
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COSMOGONY He became a monk, and as such resided for a time in the convents of Riddagshausen and Loccum, but hay- ing embraced the docbrine of Luther, was expelled in 1623. He then went to Wittenberg, and thence to Marburg in 1626, and laid the foundation of the uni- versity there. He was present at the two synods of P…
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" 2. The theory which considers the matttr of tiie universe eternal, but not its form, was the prevmifiij one among the ancients, who, starting from the pric- ciple that out of nothing nothing could be made, eosM not admit the creation of matter, yet did not bdierv that the world had always been in its present stale. T…
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Then God said, "Let the waters underneath the heavens he gathered toward one place, and let the dry [land] appear ;** and it was accordingly : and God called the dry [land] Eabth, but the gathering of the waters be called Skas; bo God saw that [it was] good. Then God said, "Let the earth sprout the npront [(grasses)], …
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COSMOLOGICAL ARGUMENT 626 COSMOLOGY the eaith*8 rarlkce ; and chap, ii as a detailed aoooont of a mibsequeni creation of the Adamic or Hebrew line- age in particular. It cannot be denied that the differ- ence in language (especially the distinctive use of the titles ''Jehovah" and " Elohim"), and the resumptive fbrm …
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1. In common with all ancient notions, the cai& was regarded by the Hebrews not only as the as- tral point of the universe, but as the nnrrerse kseU; every other body — the heavens, sun, moon, and stsn ^being subsidiary to, and, as it were, the complencat of the earth. The Hebrew language has no expres- sion equivalent…
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(2.) The earth was regarded in relation to man, and * accordingly each act of creation is a preparation of the earth for his abode— light, as the primary condition of all life; the heavens, for purposes already detailed; the dry land, for his home ; ** grass for the catUe and herb' for the service of man'* (Psa. dv, 14…
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6. With regard to the earth's body, the Hebrews conceived its surfiice to be an immense disc, supported like tbe flat roof of an Eastern house by pHlan (Job ix, 6 ; Psa. Ixxv, 8), which rested on solid foundations (Job xxxviii, 4, 6; Psa. dv, 6; Prov. viii, 29); but where those foundations were on which the *' sockets"…
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COSTA, DA 529 COSTUME « Goflpel, and soon after entered the Episcopal Theo- gical Seminaiy at New Haven. From the seminary- ) went to Tennessee, with the commendation and motion of the bishop as a ^^lay preacher." Here i became acquainted for the first time with Com- srland Presbyterians, *' participated in their ez…
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2. With respect to the supposed representation of Jews in ancient monuments, if any authentic examples could be found, even of a single figure, in the ancient costume, it would afford much satisfaction, as tending to elucidate many passages of Scripture which cannot at present be with certainty explained. (See also un-…
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8. The information on this snb;^ to be oUaiBid ttom tradition is embodied — (L) In tiie dresNi d monks and pilgrims, which may be traced to an uaai date, and which are an intended imitation of the dies- es supposed to have been worn by the firrt ^sofki Christian Costomes of Oriental Monks and FQgrinis> and apostles of…
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(a) The annexed cut represents, in flg. 2, a Bedouin, Modem Arab Dress of the Desert Tribes. or desert Arab, in the dress usually worn in Asia ; and fig. 1 represents a townsman in a cloak of the same kind, adopted from the Arabs, and worn very extens- ively as an outermost covering in all the countries from the Oxus…
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It will be asked, when the poor Israelite bad povir ed his outer garment "wherein he slept,'* wbit dis< was left to him ? The answer is probably sep^ by the annexed engraving, which represents 6l%^ Modem Oriental UndergannenL different garments of cotton, or wooUen fm^ cr shirts, which often, in warm weather, form ^ …
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the other. The htmtih is, by reason of its long sleeves (with which the hands may be covered), the robe of ceremony, apd is worn in the presence of superiors and persons of rank. Over one or both of these robes may be worn the abba^ howmoosj or A^ibe, in any of the modes already indicated. Aged persons often wrap up th…
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Modern Oriental Lodge in a Meloo-pateh. 2. ri3!|bp, melunah' (fern, of p1>Q, an tm), agmfis properly a lodging-place, and is associated with the booth (** cottage") in the above pasaage (Isa. i, 8). where it is translated " lodge,''* beuig probably a sooh- what slighter structure, if possible, as a cocsBber patch is m…
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LiNBN. The Egyptian mummy swathings also, many of which are said to remain as good as when fresh from the loom, are decided, after much controversy and mi- nute analysis, to have been of linen, and not cotton (Egypt. Antiq. in the JJb. of Entertaining Knotol. ii, 182). The ver}' difficulty of deciding, however, shows …
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Cotton, John, an eminent Congregational minis- ter, was bom at Derby, Eng., Dec. 4, 1585. He was "tudent in Cambridge, became fellow of Emmanuel College, and was chosen sucoeariviely bead lactanr and dean. In 1612 he was settled as minister at Bm- ton, Lincolnshire. After preachini^ wyme tew yevi he was sUenced for no…
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2. Sovs^ptov (a tOting together) signifies a formal assembly or senate, and in the N. T. b spoken only of Jewish ^^cotmdUy" by which word it is invariably rendered in the common version. These were: (1.) The Sambbdkim (q. v.), or supreme council of the nation. (2.) In the plural, the smaller tnbunaia in the cities of P…
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There are seven councils admitted by both the Greek and Latin churches as oecumenical. The Roman Cath- olics add twelve to the number, making nineteen, named in the following list. For details as to the do- ings of the councils, see the separate articles under each title in this Cyclopsdia. 1. The synod of apostles in…
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The Romanists hold that the pope alone can coo- vene and conduct oecumenical counc^s, which are siip> posed, on their theory, to represent the unirerMl Church under the guidance of the Holy Ghost Ib matters of faith, councils profess to be guided by the holy Scriptures and the traditions of the Cbur^ while in lighter m…
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Country. Heaven is called a country in the Bi- ble, in allusion to Canaan. And it is a better country, as its inhabitants, privileges, and employments are far more excellent than any on earth (Heb. xi, 14, 16). It is a/or country, verj' distant from and unknown in our world (Matt, xxi, 37, and xxv, 14 ; Luke xix, 12). …
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I courts k a doobtftil point. Aocordfaig to Tdmn&il , writers, the number of judges was twenty-diret b places where there was a population of 120, and dffee where the population fell below that number (Mishas. Sankedr. i, 6). Joeephus, however, grvea a diifieR^ account; he states {Aid. iv, 8, 14) that the cooit, » cons…
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8.V. Courtesy. Orientals are much more studious of politeness in word and act than Europeans (Niebuhr, Bfsdb". p.49; Arvieux, iii, 807). So were undoubted- ly the ancient Hebrews. Inferiors in an interview with superiors (both on meeting and separating, 2 Sam. zviii, 21) were wont to bow (^1 JHn^ri, vpooKwtXv ; see KA…
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COUSIN 542 COUSIN in Syria and Egypt, Mohammedans and Christians hardly deign to greet each other (Uarmer, ii, 35). The public sentiment of those times also released holy per- sons (saints) from the obligation of returning compli- mentary salntations (Lightfbot, p. 787), which, how- ever, they eagerly claimed (Mark …
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his pupils to judge for themselves, be pabliabed the works of Plato, the inedited works of Prodiia, and m edition of Descartes, though the whole did not appear till after his dismission. His translation of Plato ia 18 vols, would preserve his name bad he done noth- ing else** {Engluk Cgdopcidia). The govemnMel dismisse…
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As to method^ Cousin follows the psychological rath- er than the a priori method, but he avoids careful- ly the views of Locke and the sensationalists. His psychology is idealistic, his ontology also. What he calls *' spontaneous reason*' acquaints us with the ''true and essential nature of things." In place of '* comm…
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In the New Test, the word StaOrjKri is frequently, though by no means uniformly, translated testament in the English Auth. Vers., whence the two divisions of the Bible have received their common English names. This translation is perhaps due to the Vul- gate, which, having adopted testamentum as the equiv- alent for St…
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COVENANT OF Salt (H^? ni-nja). This phrase is supposed to denote a perpetual covenant, in the seal- ing or ratification of which salt was used. As salt was added to dififerent kinds of viands, not only to give them a relish, but to preserve them from patze- faction and decay, it became the emblem of wcorrvp- tibility a…
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Coverdale, Miles, one of the eariiest English re- formers, was born in Torkshh^ in 1487, and was educa- ted at Cambridge, where he became a monk of the Au- gustine order. At an early period he perceived the errors of Popery. In 1514 he was ordained priest. About 1525 he laid aside his monk's habit, and began to preach …
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his Daily BiNe Ilbutrations, in loc.). At flie mdk time, there appears to be a refined allnaion to the oili- er meaning of the phrase in question, by one of those plays upon words so frequent in Uiese eariy nam- tives. Hence the terseness of the whole phzsaeologj. See Veil. COVERING THE HEAD ni Pratkb (1 Cor. xi, 4-6)…
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2. Avarice is also a part of covetonsness. It con- sists in amassmg either for the sake of possessing or from fear of future want. This phase of covetonsness is the surest mark of a cold-heartedness and worldli- nees, making pure, high, and holy aspirations impossi- ble. It is also a sort of idolatry, for it is the lov…
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Co'wl (cucullus), a sort of hood wom by certain classes of monks. Those wom by the Bernardines and Benedictines are of two kinds: the one white, very large, worn in ceremony, and when they assist at tiie oflioe ; the other black, wom on ordinary occa- sions and in the streets. Mabillon maintains Uiat the cowl is the sa…
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Coa'bl (Heb. '^at^, KozbT, false; Sept. Xiw^; Joseph. Xoafiia, Ant! iv, 6, 10), the dani^hter of la, a Midianitish prince. Phinehas, in his holy indigna- tion, slew her, while in the act of committing lewdness with Zimri, an Israelitish chief, by thrusting a javelm through the middle of both (Num. zzv, 15, IB). B.C 161…
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Crakanthorp, Richabd, D.D., was bom at Strickland, in Westmoreland, in 1667. He was admit- ted to Queen's College, Oxford, in 1688, and became fellow in 1698. He obtained the rectory of Black Notley, Essex, and died in 1624. He had the reputa- tion of being a general scholar, was quite a canon- ist, perfectly acquainte…
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The Hebrew term sue occurs frequently ebewhere, but only in the sense of " horse" or cavairg. Crane, John, D.D., a Congregational minirter, was bom at Korton, Mass., March 26, 175^ He grid- uated at Harvard in 1780, and was installed pastor at Korthbridge, Mass., June 25, 1788, where he remahted until his death, Aug. …
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In May, 1643, appeared the ^'^ King's Book" which was, in fact, little more than a new edition of the IntU- tution of a Ckrittian Man^ altered in some points by the papal party ; it received its name from the preface, which was written in Henry's name. The clergy be- ing hostile to this book, Cnmmer, at a visitation of…
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A letter was sent to the princess Mary declaring queen Jane (Lady Jane Grey) to be the sovereign. Tliis letter was signed by many persons, and among them by Cranmer, whose zeal for the Protestant cause must have blinded him to the danger of the enterprise. On the 9th of July, 1558, the chief officers of the state swore…
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CRANTZ 558 CREAGH the Melanethon of our EngUsh Refonnaiioii. The greatest defect of his character) want of firmness, which has mined many a man of genius and learning, by a peculiar combination of drcmnstanoes, secured his adyancement and goided him to fortone. His mind possessed great acnteness ; he could generally…
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CravenB, William, a celebrated and eccentric Methodist Episcopal minister, was bom in Rocking, ham County, Ya., July 81, 1776. Converted in 1794, he began to preach about 1800, and for many yean, as a local preacher, he served the Church in his native state. He travelled extensively without fee or reward, everjrwrhere …
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being without the Logos of God (John i, 8). Evcit- thing owes its existence and its life to the wocd d Crod. It is because God endowed it with entity; k€> cause he so willed it ; iid. to OkXiifia. vov (Rev. iv, 11} ; by his word, p^/ia, ^^3^ (Heb. xi, 8; Psa. xxxiii, C;-, by his speaking (Gren. i, 8 ; 2 Cor. iv, 6) ; b…
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From this examination, it is evident that although the word in question is etymologically connected with roots (like the Eng]. pare, L&t, paro, etc.) that have a less decided import, yet its current and legitimate sig- nification is that of creation in the modem and proper acceptation. As the Hebrews were not given to …
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CREATION 656 CREATION or mors places ; and these fragments, In obedience to the laws of grayitation,1>ecame spheres or planets, all rsYolyfaig from west to east around the parent mass. Another ring was formed in like manner, and another planet came into esdstence ; and so on, until the whole solar system was complet…
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n. The Orgcade SrOL 4th Day.— Light, from the son. 5ih Day.— Creation of the lower orden of ■«*"»«'■ A»i. rk.» / !■ Greatloii of mammala 6th Day.-| ^ creation of Man. In addition, the last day of each era indnded one wofk typical of the era, and another related to it in essen- tial points, but also prophetic Vegetatio…
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istence, which was introduced into Christian theology by Origen. TertuUian was the founder of traducian- ism. The whole question of the origin of the soul was first seriously discussed during the Pdagian contro- versy, in connection with the problem of hereditary sin and guilt. (See Schaff, Church History, iii, 880 sq.…
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Ancient Oriental oompoeiie Winged Figures : 1. Egyptian ; 2. Assyrlmn. mythological representotions of all antiquity. See Cherub. Credence-table, or Credence, a teble beside the altar, on which the cup, eto., are placed in the cel- ebration of the mass. Du Cange says that the word credentiariui means proffutiator, on…
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As for the atOhori^ of creeds, the Protestant doc- trine is tliat the creed may be norma doctrinai (stand- ard of doctrine), but that the Bible alone is norma fidei (role of faith). So Dr. H. B. Smith {Disoourte on Chrittian Union), speaking of the Westminster Con- fession, says, " We receive the Confession, not as a r…
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ieve hi the Hdy Ghost; the holy Catholic Church, the communion of saints ; the for- gireness of sins ; the resurrec- tion of the body; and the life everlasting. Amen. 1. It is held by many writers of the Church of Rome that this creed was composed by the apostles them- selves, who, during their stay at Jerusalem soon a…
909 wordsSource & rights
Public-domain 19th-century biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical reference work; OCR text from Internet Archive. Historical scholarship and terminology reflect its era; OCR may contain errors. Verify quotations and current scholarly claims independently.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.