PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
McClintock & Strong Cyclopaedia — Volume 2
John McClintock & James Strong · 1,214,832 words · 1184 reading sections
Section 541
xxvll, 28).- See Scablet. g. I [A. V. 8] ; Zech. vi, 2 ; Rev. vl, 4). Grem was the The three colors above delRlbed, purple, blue, and - emblem of freshness, vigor, and prosperity (?»• ^^ scarlet, together with white, were employed in the 16; 111, 10; xxxvU, 86). Blue, or hyacisth, or <«^ textures used for the curtains…
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retained. It is the same as the a25, except that the sleeves are broad and full. (6.) The catecAumem for- merly were dressed in white for one week from their baptism, and white is yet usually the dress worn by girls in their confirmation. II. Bed is a symbol of fire and of glowing love. It was used in the dress of the…
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latn^ a form nsed by the Byzantine wiiten, and which perhaps represents the provincial mode of pronouncing the name. On coins and inscriptions [see Eckhel, Dod, Num. 1, iii, 147], and in classical writers [see Yalcken. ad Herod, vii, 80], we find Ko\o<T9ai), a city of Phrygia Pacatiana, in the upper part of the basin o…
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II. It is less certain, however, token and tcAers it wb composed. The common opinion is that Paul wnrte k at I^me during his imprisonment in that city (Act* xxviii, 16, 80). Erasmus, followed by others, Buppoea that Ephesus was the place at which it was oompoeed : but this suggestion is obviously untenable from its ia>…
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quaintance with thefar state and relations (i, 6 ; ii, 6, 7, etc.) ; and their knowledge of so many of his compan- ions, and especially of Timothy, whose name the apos- tle associates with his own at the commencement of the epistle, a circumstance which is worthy of consid^ eration from this, that Thnothy was the compa…
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IV. ContenU, — Like the majority of Paul's epistles, that to the Colossians consists of two main divisions, one of which contains t^e doctrinal, the other the prac- tical matter. After his usual salutation (chap, i, 1-2), the apostle returns thanks to God for the faith of the Colossians, the spirit of love they had sh…
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Colt (prop, "l^?, a'yir, a young ass, Jndg. x, 4 ; xiii, 14; Job xi, 12; Zech. ix, 9; TcuiKog, Matt, xxi, 2, etc.), spoken of the yonng of the horse, ass, or cam- el. See Foal. Colton, Calvin, D.D., was bom in Longmeadow, Mass., and graduated at Yale College in 1812. He studied divinity at Andover, and was ordained a …
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COLUMBANUS 424 COLUMN wmk iSX they had thanked God, the giver of bread. His early biographers say that he was a powerful preacher, speaking the Irish and Latin with equal ease, and both with great flnency. His voice was tender, tremulons, mnsical, and sufficiently strong to be heard at a great distance. His soul was…
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Column (Lat. oohmma), a pillar to support a roof or other part of a building. It is more usoally i^ipBed to ancient architecture, the columns of Gotiiic boildiDgi being usually termed piBars. Still, this distinctian of terms is not universally observed. A column gener- ally has a base, shaft, and capital. The proportia…
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COMBER 426 COMMANDMENT had entered the Dominican order; the EccUsiastet Grw- CUM (Par. 1674), containing a Latin translation of select works of Basil the Great and Basil bishop of Seleuda ; and new editions of the works of Maximos Confessor (Paris, 1676, 2 vols. fol. : this work was left incom- plete in consequence …
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Commandery or Commandry, a kind of bca- efice belonging to a military order. There are abo *'commanderies" in the orders of Bernard and An- thony, and for the knights of Malta, accorded fer dis- tinguished services. — ^Eden, Churchmcui's Diet, a. v. Commandment. See Degalooue. .COMMANDMENTS, THE FIVE, or CoiofASiv MEN…
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sented the papal btiU of invitation and letters to the several princes, but niet with no success, the letters being returned unopened and the invitation declined. Subsequent eflbrts to prevail upon the elector of Bran- denburg and the kings of Denmark and Sweden to send deputies to the council remained likewise without…
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II. There are two kinds of commentary which we shall notice, viz. the critical and the popular. 1. The former contains grammatical and philological remarks, unfolds the general and special significations of words, points out idioms and peculiarities of the original lan- guages, and always brings into view the Hebrew or…
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8. Another defect consists in dwelling on the easy and evading the d^ScuU pasMgm, This feature be- longs especially to those English commentaries which are most current among us. By a series of appended remarks, plain statements are expanded; but wher- ever there is a real perplexity, it is glozed over with marvellous …
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Poll "Synopsis CriUcortsm" (fol. 4 vols, in 6, Lond. 1669-76, and several eds. since ; best ed. by Lensden, Ultr. 1684). — In this large work, the annotations df a great number of the older conmientators are collected and condensed, many of them fhmi the still more ex- tensive collection known as the Critici Sacri (q. …
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(12.) T. Scott ("Holy Bible with Notee,** itc Lond. 1692, and often since; Lond. 1841, 6 vols, 4te; Bost. 1827, 6 vols. 8vo).— The prevailing chazactoBtie of Scott's commentary is judicioosnesa in the opiai(» advanced. The greater portion of it, however, is crt proper exposition. The pvous antiior preaches aboct and pa…
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(21.) C. T. Kuindl.— The commentaries of this writer, especially on the Gospels and Acts (in Latin, best ed. London, 1836, 3 vob. 8vo), although strongly tinctured with rationalism, are among the best, criti- cally and philologlcally considered, extant. Learn- ing, acuteness, and candor are everywhere apparent. (22.) …
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2. The modem Germans, prolific as they are in theo- logical works, have seldom ventured to undertake an exposition of the whole Bible. Each writer usually (confines himself to the task of commenting on a tew books. In this their wisdom is manifested. Yet they do not usually excel in good specimens of commen- tary, at l…
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4. The following is a chronolo^cal conspectus of professed Commentaries on the whole canonical Scrips tures (exclusive of merely improved versions or edU tions), as complete as we have been able to make IL For those covering the Old or the New Testanwai alone, see under those titles. The most impoftant of those here en…
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stock, Zeller, J&ger, Pfoff, and Hochstetter, SummO' rien [by order of the duke of Wirtember^r] (Stnttgard, 1667, Lpz. 1709, Rudest 1721, 4to, Lpz. 1721, foL in 6 vols.) ; S. and H. Marestus, Bibel (Amst. 1669, fol.) ; *Poole, Synoptie [in large part a condensation of the Critid Sacriy De la Haye*s BibUa, and similar w…
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foL); Sobinidtt Erhldr. (Erf. 1740, 4to); Starck, Atu- Uffungen (O. Test, Lpz. and Hal. 1741-7, 4 voU., N. T., Lpz. 1783-7, 8 vols, [and at other timea in parts], 4to); *Chai8 [completed by Maclaine], Commentaire^ etc [(rom the best English interpreters] (Hague, 174a-90, 7 vols. 4to ; the former part also in German, Li…
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Commerce, a word that does not occur is tk Auth. Vers., which uses the term ** ti^e" or "tnA fie ;" but the idea is designated by two Heb. wocdi : I nia'n, rekuUah' (Gesenius, Thes. Heb. p. 1289); Sejl in Ezek. xxvi, 12, rd, vvdgxovrt;^ Vulg. negotkum: in xzvii, 6, 16, 18, ifiiropia, negotiation from bs^i >«■ kal% to t…
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At the same period it is clear that trade was carried <m between Babylon and the Syrian cities (see Hub- bard, Commerce </ Ane, Bab, in the Biblical Btpoe, July, 1837), and also that gold and silver ornaments ▼ere common among the S3man and Arabian races ; a trade which was obviously carried on by land-carriage (Num. x…
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During the residence of the Israelites in Egypt man- ufactures of almost every description were carried to great perfection. BUx, fine linen, garments of cot- ton, rings and jewels of gold and silver, works in all kinds of materials, chariots for pleasure, and chariots for war, are all mentioned bj Moses. They had ex- …
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But the trade which Solomon took so moch paizB t» encourage was not a maritime trade only. He baik, or more probably fortified, Baalbek and Palmyra; tk latter at least expressly as a caravan station for tk land-commerce with eastern and south-eastern Ant (1 Kings ix, 18). See Solomon. After his death the maritime trad…
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Commisfiioii, 1. n^, daih (a mandate, Ezra viii. 86; elsewhere '* decree," etc.); 2. imrporfi (tuQ. charge. Acts xxvi, 12). COMMISSION, ECCLESIASTICAL. See Com- mSSART. Commissioner, a gloss rendering (1 Mace, ii, 25) for dvTip, man, i. e. officer. Commodiftnns, a Christian historian, supposed to have been bom in A…
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Queen Mary, on her accession, repealed the acts of Edward, and restored the Romanist prayer-book. ** On the accession of Elizabeth, however, this repeal was reversed, and the second book of Edward VI, with sev- eral alterations, was re-established. This liturgy con- tinued in JjCse during the long reign of Elizabeth, a…
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COMMON PRATER 4a9 COMMON PRATER frifth statute 17 and 18 Car. 11, c. 6, now preflonred in lie Rolla Office at Dublin. In 184^-55 Mr. Stepliens lIbo pahlished (3 vols. 8vo) the text of tiie B<H>k of 7ontn%an Praytr for the use of tlie Chnrch of Ireland, *Tt>ixi the same manuscript, with an introdaction and lotee** (E…
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COMMON PRAYER 440 COMMON PRAYEK most all the oflicea in the Book ofCommum Prager^ ex- cept the order of baptism for persons of riper years and the commination. The great object of the whole is to address the entire worship to God the Father, to the ntter exclusion of God the Son and God the Holy Spirit This liturgy …
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COMMON PRAYER 441 COMMUNICATIO IDIOMATUM From respect, however, for the authority which orig- inally sanctioned the Scotch liturgy, and for other Bofficient reasons, it is hereby enacted, that the Scotch commanion office continae to be held of primary au- ^ority in this Church, and that it shall be used in all consec…
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Conunnne, or Commtmioate, a term made use of to denote the act of receiving the Lord's Supper. See Lord's Supper. ComxniixiicantB, (1.) a sect of Anabaptists (q. v.); (2.) a term used to designate church-members who par- take of the Lord's Supper (q. v.). Commtmioatio Idiomfttnin, a doctrine of the Lutheran Church as…
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Commonion (totviisvia, a dlorm^), hi ordlnart terms, an association or agreement when several per- sons join and partake together of one thing ; hence iu application to the celebration of the Lord's Sapper se an act of fellowship among Christians (1 Cor. x, 1€): and it is to this act of participation or fellowship tltt…
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(&) "The positions urged on the opposite side by Mr. J. G. FuUer are these : 1. That all the arguments which are used to destroy the identity of baptism as practiced by John and the aposUes before the death of Christ, with that practiced lUterwards, amount only to pioof of a drcmnetam^al, not an eeaential difference, u…
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COMMUNION OF SAINTS, one of the points of a Christian's faith according to the Aposdes' Creed. 1. According to the Roman CathoHc definition, it is the *^ union between the Church triumphant (in heav- en), the Churoh militant ^n earth), and the Church suffering (in purgatory). These three form the one body, of which Ch…
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Commmiism, a theory of* community of proper- ty," often attempted to be realized in practice. I. Communistic Ideas in the rtHgiom and pkHosopUcai Systems o/anoient Paganism. — The most ancient form of communism known to us is found in the monaster* ies of Buddhism, in attempts to reach an ideal of sanc- tity by renoun…
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In Great Britain the germs of communism are to be found \n Roger Bacon*s New Atlantis; in More's De Optimo reipubUom statu (1616); and in Harrington's Oceana (1656) ; but no practical form of socialism ap- peared till the 18th century, when the Buchanites (q. V.) of Scotland fbrmed a religious communistic associ- ation…
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St. Simonism and Fourierism gave rise to an im- mense number of publications in France. Among the most eminent writers are found, among the Socialists, Lamennais, who, in bis Essais tur V Indifference (1827), attempts to bring the socialistic idea into unison wiUi religious dogmas, while in his pamphlet D'avenir he cal…
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COMMUNITY OF GOODS 447 COMPLETORIUM daikmB belong the Shaken (q. ▼.) and the Gennan Sey- enth-daj Baptists (q. v.), who epjoin universal celibacy, the.cfdonies Economy and Zoar, established by Separ- atists from Wurtemberg, and the Oneida Compianlky (q. ▼.), which teaches a community of women as well as of property. …
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Competentea, a class of catechumens in the early Church. See Catechxtmenb. Completorlmn, Completinum, or Compline (from Lat. complere, to Jill tip), the last service in the evening ; the bed-time service. According to the ca- nonical hours, fixed hours for public prayer were in- troduced into the Church with the insti…
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Comstock, Grover S., a Baptist missionaiy, was bom at Ulysses, N. T., March 24, 1809. He gradua- ted at Hamilton College in 1827, studied law after- wards, and was admitted to ^he bar in 1880. Under the ministry of the Rev. C. G.'Finney he was convert- ed, and then studied theology at the Madison Univen- ity. Deciding …
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spiration, and is dedicated to her, with a oommemora* tion of her virtues, in language which would sound extravagant in Dante or Petrarch. Brief as the inti- macy had been, it ravolutionized Comte's whole na- ture and the entira spirit of his speculations. TMs strange transmutation of doctrine exhibited it- self in th…
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which the Positive habit is attained, those aubjeeta an naturally the first to assume a scientific form wfaidi are characterized by the greatest simplicity in thea- selves, and are, according to the Baocmian expressioc, least immersed in matter.*' Hence the relariotts of number and space are the earliest to exhibit an …
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Conani'ah (Heb. in the text Kaonanya'ku, ^n;>33b, L e. Konanya^hu, !in;»»is, but as read in the Maaoretic margin, Kananya^hu, W^^^^; settled by Jehovah f Sept Xuvtvlas v. r. Xaix«vcac, Yulg. Chonemcu), the name of two chief Levites. 1. A person appointed (with his brother Shimei) as "ruler** C^^) by HezeUah, to superi…
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U2 CONCOMITANT for tbe others. The ooit of armB of etch ctrdiiud Ib affixed to his celL When a pope dies, ten days are allowed for the obeeqnies, for the arrival of absent cardinals, and for the preparations above mentioned for the conclave, together with tbe selection of persons styled condavists, who are to enter t…
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tiumum ac Bevermdistkiutm ^ qui tibi m^ponat nomen — — , and the shouts of the people are recorded as their assent, still, in theory, necessary to an elec- tion. The other ceremonies belonging to tbe inangn- ration follow in due order. — Ferraris, Bibtio^keca Co- nonica, etc., art. Papa ; Herzog, BeaUEmcykhpddky art P…
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As to Anthropology, the Formula Concordi« csrriee out the doctrines of the Augsburg Confession with re- gard to original sin to their logkal results, and after distinctly rejecting the view of Flacius, which made original sin to be the substance of the human soul's agency, and not the soul's essence, the Formula Con- c…
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Concordanoe (Lat. concordcmH(B\ a book contain- ing the words in the Holy Scriptures, in alphabetical order, with their context more or less fully given, and a designation by chapter and verse of the places in which they are to be found. (See Glanchius, De tuu Concor- dantiarum BiMicarum, Lips. 1668.) While the Scrip- …
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CONCORDANCE 455 CONCORDANCE cm EbreeU vocibus retpondenies (Fnncof. 1607, 2 vols. 4to). This work follows the order of the Aebrew wordA, placing the corresponding Greek word after it ; in consequence of which, it is more useftil in consnlt- inc^ the Hebrew than the Greek Scriptores. 2. The best Greek Concordance to…
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8. J. G. Hanff, BibUsche Beal-und Verbal^oncordam (2 vols, in 4 pts. 8vo, Stuttg. 1828-34). 4. We may also mention a valuable concordance for the German Bible— BtbUsche Hand-ConcordansfOr Be- leffionslehrer und aUe Freunde der HeiHgen 8chr{ft (pub. by H. Schott, Leipzig, 1827, 8vo). The work is more comprehensive than…
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Conoordat. I. A treaty, but usually restricted to a convention between the pope of Rome and any sec- ular Roman Catholic government for the settling of ecclesiastical relations. Treaties which the pope, as a secular sovereign, oondudes with other princes, are not called concordats. Conventions between the pope and a Pr…
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IL Tke Coneordats of the EighioetUk Century, ^Th^ concordats of this period(1717-1774) were occasioned by the revival of the anti-papal tendendee of the Church of Rome, which had prevailed in the 15th century, and still more by the development of the theory of the ab- solute state. They all belong to the Latin nations …
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2. Germany, PruetiOf and Auetria.^ThB relations of the German Roman Catholies to Ae pope were great- ly disturbed by the dissolution of the German empire. For some time everything was in confusion ; at the time of the Congress ofVienna only five German bish*- ops were still aUve. When the political reorganiza- tion was…
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6. The Netherlaftd* and Be^tm.—Betwe^i the gov- emment of the Netherlsnds and the pope a concordat was concluded in 1827, which extended to the northern provinces the provisions of the French concordat of 1801, with the exception that the bishops were not to be nominated by the Protestant king, but to be chosen by the …
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U. Porimgal, — A concordat with Portugal was con- cluded in 1857, and ratified by the Portuguese Legisla- t'tte in 1859— almost unanimously by the Chamber of Peers, but only by a majority of fifteen (66 rotes against 51) in the Chamber of Deputies. This concordat con- cerns only the present and former Portuguese posse…
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Concubinage therefore, in a scriptural sense, means the state of cohabiting lawfully with a wifo of second rank, who enjoyed no other conjugal right but that of cohabitation (q. v.), and whom the husband could re- pudiate, and send away with a small present (Gen. xxi, 14). In Uke manner, he could, by means of pres- ent…
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The Koman law calls concubinage an allowed cos- tom (UcUa contuetudo). When this expression ocean in the constitutions of tiie Christian emperors, it sig- nifies what we now sometimes call a marriqge rfesm- tdmoe. The concubinage tolerated among tl^ Bo- mans, in the time of the Bepublic and of the heatfaea emperors, wa…
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2. VerbaL — ^This takes place when a passage or ex- pression used by one writer is cited by another, and applied with some modification of the meaning to some- thing diflferent trcm that to which it was originally applied. Such aco<Mnmodations are common in all languages. Writers and speakers lay hold of the ut- teranc…
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Still more emphatically does this last observation apply with respect to the notion that our Lord and his apostles accommodated their teaching to the current notions and prejudices of the Jews of their own times. It might seem almost incredible that any one shonld venture to impute to them so unworthy and so im- probab…
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ConditionaL Strict Calvinists maintain that the decrees of Grod with regard to the salvation or damna- tion of individual men are ahtolute; Arminlans, that they are conditional. The Pelagian doctrine is that God*s will to grant grace to men is always conditioned on their so using their natural power as to merit that gr…
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2. Among the works of Hezekiah he is said to have stopped the ** upper watercourse of Gihon, " and brought it down straight to the W. side of the city of David (2 Chron. xxxii, 80). The direction of this water- course of course depends on the site of Gihon. Dr. Robinson identifies this with the large pool called Birket…
982 wordsSource & rights
Public-domain 19th-century biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical reference work; OCR text from Internet Archive. Historical scholarship and terminology reflect its era; OCR may contain errors. Verify quotations and current scholarly claims independently.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.