PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
McClintock & Strong Cyclopaedia — Volume 2
John McClintock & James Strong · 1,214,832 words · 1184 reading sections
Section 1081
as it has been going on, and tilie more ^Jthfeli all the leading fiicts of the case, the moRfldlmfH and complete will it be as a history. Br adie hibition, the whole doctrfaial progrea oftieQcii Church being set before our eyes, ve ifail ii > paring its results with our own systtnn, be ikt see wherein we are defective,…
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The history of creeds and confessions of faith, so fiir a relates to the doctrinal principles set forth in them, >elong9 to history of doctrine ; but it is now generally reated as a separate branch of historical theology, mder the name of Symbolics. See Confessions; 3bebds; Symbolics. Tables exhibiting the history of …
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Do'davah (Heb. only in the prolonged form Do- dava'hu, Jimnin v. r. nmi^, hdovtd of Jehovah; Sept Atodia v. r. 'O^ia, Tulg. Dodan), an inhabitant of Mareshah, and &ther of the Eliezer who predicted the wreck of Jehoshaphat*s fleet auxiliary to Ahaziah (2 Chron. xx, 87). B.C. ante 895. In the Jewish traditions Dodavah i…
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DODDRIDGE 851 DODWELL I the same 3rear, Dr. Doddridge, in ooi^imction with r. Watts, Rev. Mr. Saunders, Rev. Mr. Some, and iiers, established an academy for preparing young len ibr the work of the ministry among Dissenters ; id to that institution he was appointed tutor. No lan was better qualified than Dr. Doddridg…
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Do'do (Heb. Dodo*, inin, amatory; but, accord- ing to Ftirst, an abbreviation of Dodavah), the name of three men. 1. (Sept. irarpa^eX^oc a^roiJ v. r. franjp AdtX^ov aifTov ; Yiilg. patruus Ahimdech, both apparently as a rendering of "Ahohite" inserted.) A descendant of Issachar, father of Phuah, and gp'andfather of th…
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Do'<Sg (Heb. Z>oJ^, "XtX^i, fearful, 1 Sam. xxi, 7, Sept. Acmiy v. r. Awi^k ; or Jifi^'i'n, Psa. lii, title, Sept. Aw^k; in 1 Sam. xxii, 18, 22, Doyeg', y&H^ after the Syrian pronunciation, Sept. Aa»^), an Edomite, and chief overseer of king Saul's flocks (Josephus, ^w}koq, " keeper of the king's mules," Ant, vi, 12, 1…
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Aeient AMtyrimn Hanting-dog« — ^From a SUh in the British Musenm. cenes. The street-dog, without master, apparentiy erived fh>m the rufous-cur, and in Egypt partaking f the mongrel greyhound, often more or less bare, with a mangy, unctuous skin, fre- quently with several teeth want- ing, was, as it now is, considered…
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Dogma (Gr. SSyfui)^ a doctrine received as an ar- ticle of fsith. I. In the Scriptures the Greek word Soyfia has nowhere the meaning of doctrine. In Ephes. ii, 15, and Col. ii, 14, it denotes Jewbh ordi- nances. In other passages (Luke ii, 1 ; Acts xvi, 1 ; xvii, 7) it designates the decrees of Roman emper- ors. IL Thi…
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8. The first Rationalistic writers on dogmatic theol- gy did not reftise belief in any doctrine Uiey found in ie Bible ; but, demanding that the conformity of every biblical doctrine with reason should be demonstrated, bey introduced a new interpretation of the Bible, ex- lahiin^ away a number of doctrines which thus f…
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DOGMATIC THEOLOGY 856 DOGMATIC THEOLOGY Banmgaiten, the last named being wholly under the influence of the Wolflan philosophy. The new meth- od WEB more fully developed by Semler, Michaelis, Teller, TdUner, Ddderlein, Horus, and others, who prepaived the way for Bationaliam, among whose early representatives were Grnn…
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In the Roman Catholic Church, the writainA^ matics for a long time after the Reformatko adkni to the scholastic method. Prominent amoig tha were Bellarmin, Canisins, Maldonat, and fiecna Noel (Alexander Natalis, died 1724) mtrodseed a m dogmatic method, more simple, and in maaj ic^ emancipating itself from the clumsine…
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Dominio, a saint of the Bomish calendar, founder he order of ** Dominicans." His name was '* Do- mingo de Guzman, and he was bom in 1170 at Cala- horra, Spain. He completed his education at the Uni- versity of Palentia, in 1198 was made canon of the cathedral of Osma, and in 1198 a priest and archdea- con. He subseque…
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Dominioane, an order of mendicants founded by Dominic (q. v.) de Guzman about the year 1215. In England they were generally called Black Friars ftnom their garments, in France Jacobins, from the fiict that their first French house was in the Rue St Jacques, at Paris. They called themselves commonly Preaching Friars (Fr…
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III. Statiitics, — ^The Dominicans have still convents in Italy (4 in the city of Rome, with about 100 mem- bew), Yrauoe (10 in 1862), Belgium, Holland, England, Ireland (about 50 members in 1848), Austria (87 con- vents with 202 members in 1843), Prussia (first con- vent established in 1860), Peland (in 1841, 16 house…
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DomXntui vobiscam (the Lord he wth you\ a form of salutation used in the liturgies of several of the Christian churches. It is taken fW>m the book of Ruth, together with the response et cum spkitu tuo — **and with thy spirit" It was introduced into Chris- tian worship before the end of the second century. A canon of th…
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DONAR 861 DONATISTS "ollowed in the tram of a dishonest Bibliolatrj." S6 be was appointed one of the classical examin- the University of London. He died in London lO, 1861. Dr. Donaldson was a man of great in- ^, learning, and integrity, but bis critical facnlty iot equal to the tasks he ambitiously attempted. Ytia …
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Donatism, starting thus in a time of persecution, when the question in regard to the restoration of ths Lapsed brought up under various aspects the question of authority and f^edom, and created, too, a severer and a milder theory of discipline, had its roots in the age preceding its actual rise. Embers previously scatt…
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low th^ oonvictknis in fidth ftnd w«fsli]|^it1 time exhorting the Catholics to patieooe ed don. This somewhat subdued, bat did ■! alj strife. Under the successor of Constantliie, Cwii^ib^i (kred worse again. We read of a bitftle «f in which the Donatists were deftotad, aad «f dItaKL years of tumult and bloodshed. In s…
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Catholic;" Augustine said, **No man can have !hri8t for his head who is not a member of his body, tie Church." Neander thinks, therefore, that, had the >anie8 fully understood and recognised the " distino- ion in the idea of the Church as visible and invisible" which Augustine came near to, but did not carry out), hey …
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DONELLAN LECTURE 864 DONOSO-CORTES menced the stady of law at Lincoln's Inn, advancing, at the same time, in liberal edacation under the care of able masters. After examining the question of re- ligion thorouglily, he decided in &vor of Protestant- ism. At this time, and for years after, he had no de- sign of enteri…
1,008 wordsSECTION 1101Section 1101
In 1848, the Revolution, long fdretold bf Ibls ploded. The reforming Pope was drives fron all the nations of Europe were agitated and ess On the 4th of January, 1849, he prononaocdkii fs* in the Cortes renouncing all liberal doctriBes,^^^ manding a dictatorship. This speech startled E^ and was perhaps the beginning of …
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Such, in general terms, and divested of its partisan loring, is the substance of this splendid essay, which Jongs to the same general type of speculation as the ^d or graceful productions of Bossuet, De Maistre, hateaubriand, and Montalembert. But the author's )litical absolutism was a bad inference ftom the somnd jeol…
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but if they were really locks, tbey -were pnU^ the principle of thoee now used, in 'Egj^-wMi^ ei 1 nn TW Ancient Egyptian Doorti. the slide ; in that case he stood in no absolute need of a key to efater (Cant, v, 4). See Key. Among the ancient Egyptians doors were frequently stained so as to imitate foreign wood. …
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DOOR-KEEPER (^JlttJ, tho9r% 1 Chron. xv, 28, 34, I gat€4endery or " porter," as elsewhere rendered ; but n Psa. Ixxxiv, 11, C)BD, saphaph\ to tii at the threth- *U; Sept. irapapivnadai ; Vulg. abjecttu etie; Gr. ^vpa>p<$Ct John zviii, 16, 17 ; elsewhere likewise "/>or- <0r"), a person appointed to keep the street-door…
1,074 wordsSECTION 1105Section 1105
\\\\\\\^\ji_^(iVf^//^ ^^.^^ilitj W3^j>ijrv^ H a o -q. p T 43 Eastern Door inscribed with Paiieages from the Koran. DOORS OF THE CHURCH. To insure secrecy in worship, the ancient Christians constructed the doors of their churches with peculiar care. The early fa- thers, fixim this usage, derived abundant metaphors, …
1,031 wordsSECTION 1106Section 1106
two or tliree small islands. A spur of Mount Car- tl, steep and partially wooded, runs parallel to the EisUllne, at the distance of about a mile and a half. )tween its base and the sandy beach is a rich and autifUl plain — this b possibly the " border," coast," or " region" (rw, Symmaohns iropaXta) of or (Josh, xi, 2 ;…
951 wordsSECTION 1107Section 1107
Dorotheus, arehimandrite of Palestine, 7th cen- tury, a disciple of Joannes the Abbot, wrote ^idaaxa' Xiai did^poL, Doctrinas Diversa, given (Gr. and Lat.) in Migne, Pairohgia Graea, 88, p. 1611 sq., and in the other great collections of the Others. See Fabricius, Bibliotkeca Grteca (ed. Harles), xi, 108 sq. ; Cave, Hi…
1,216 wordsSECTION 1108Section 1108
II. Organization of the Synod.— The Statefr-GcBval ordered the delegates to the synod to be choKS ts B- lows. Each province was to call a provinckl lyw^ fh>m which six persons, of whom three or four ifecB be pastors, were to be dioeen as delegates to the erooi Holland and Utrecht, in which the Anniniaai ««* numerous, w…
1,124 wordsSECTION 1109Section 1109
The doctrinal discussion in the synod showed that its members were not so fully at one in their positive views of doctrine as in their opposition to Arminlan- ism. The question whether, according to Ephes. i, 4, Christ is the ground of election (fundamenttan ekctio- fMt), gave rise to strong debates, the Anglicans and …
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IT. No Church council has given rise to more bitter controversy than the Synod of Dort. Arminian writ- era have denounced it in the strongest language as unworthy the name of a Christian synod, while, on the other hand, Calvinistic writers have extolled its fairness and impartiality. All depends upon the point of view,…
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lUS; REMONSTaANTS. Dortns (Aoproc), a leading Jew, charged before luadratus, president of Syria, with inciting his conn- ymen to revolt against the Komans (Josephus, Ant. X, 6, 2). DoT7in''end8 (Aopv/iivijc)» father of Ptolemy, omamed Macron (1 Mace, iii, 88; 2 Mace, iv, 46). Ls this Ptolemy was in the service of Pto…
1,001 wordsSECTION 1112Section 1112
DOTY 874 DOUBLE Kefr K6d (Capharcotia) to AttSl, south-east of LejjAn. He thus speaks of it : ** It is now a fine green tell (knoll), with a fountain on its sonthem base, corre- sponding entirely to the position assigned to it l)y Eu- sebius. We were told at Ya'bad that the great road trom Beis4n and Zerln to Ramleh…
1,032 wordsSECTION 1113Section 1113
At the outset it is proper to deny that the tbaor^ double-sense rests wholly upon the constnctepc upon the formulse by which the N.-T. writew fnqa* ly introduce the quotations from the O. T., e. g. Mil:' i, 22, (va vrXijpio^j, *' that it might be folifiDed,'' »• the Uke (Wolfe, p. Ixxvi). See Fulfiu TTa b» of this meth…
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some which belong only to the Body, and some again which pertain to both" (Alexander, Later Propheda of Isaiah, p. 170). See Isaiah (Book of). Another example is Psalm xvi, which, although in the first instance, as explained by all good commenta- tors (e. g. Calvin, De Wette, Ewald, Hengstenberg, Alexander, Olshausen,…
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Doubts, DissoLVTNo OF, Chald. 'J'^'^ipp ^'!?^?) meshary kitrin', to unbind knots, i. e. solve problems ; a form of speech still commonly employed in the Elast for the determination of difficult questions (see Bob- erts, Burder, Bush, lUustra. in loc.). Dough (pSCa, batsek^, so called from su)eUing in fermentation, Exo…
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died May 18,- 1807. Dr. Douglas was intimate 1 Dr. Johnson, and all the most celebrated of his temporaries. He was an accurate scholar and ic, and exposed Lander in his Milton no Plagiary^ ably attacked Hume in his Criterion of Miracles. b these essays are given in Douglas's Select Works lisbary, 1820, 4to). He also w…
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DOVE 878 DOVE-COT zii, 6 ; Luke ii, 24) ; and, to snpplj the demand for them, dealers in these birds sat about the precincts of the Temple (Matt, xxi, 12, etc.)* The brown wood- dove is said to be intended by the Hebrew name ; but all the sacred birds, unless expressly mentioned, were pure white, or with some roseat…
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l^x in the form d m. Dove. ed over the altar, and the dove is often placed oo tb covers of fonts. In this position it may still be »r in parish churches in England** (Chanibeis, EMcji- padia, s. v.). See also Martigny, DicL dor Aatiftu ChriOennes (Paris, 1865, p. 164 ; Didron, Ckri^Am Im- ography (Bohn), p. 451 ; Jeha…
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that an instance occurred when an ass's head was sold for eighty pieces of silver, and a cab of doves' dung for five ; so that the passage may be understood literally, since it is not incredible that persons oppressed by severe famine should devour even the excrements of animals. In the account of the famine and pestil…
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None of the above explanations of the difficult term in question appear satisfactory. Those that proceed upon the supposition that the substance designated was not intended as an article of food, give us only other purposes which are too petty to deserve such emphatic notice as marks of famine in a siege, and the rest …
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>o^yvii, a town in Ireland, forming part of the ti- of the diocese of Down, Connor, and Dromore, of ch Robert Bent Knox (consecrated in 1849) is at »ent bishop (1868). The see of Dromore, a town :he west of the County Down, was founded in the century, but is now united with Down and Connor. ) Roman Catholic Church has …
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8. Metrical Doxohgies.—li is usual in Protestant churches, at the end of the singing of a hymn, or at least at the end of the last hymn in the service, to sing the doxology in the same metre. The hymn-books of the churches, therefore, contain a collection of versions of the Gloria Patri in various metres, adapted to al…
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DracontiiiB, a Spanish priest, lived iboflt&rjv 460. He is the author of a poem describiag di b- tory of the six days of creation (Feaxmena. « f« sex dierum). In its original fonn tb» poen ^'^ verses, and is foUowed by an elegy addrwedbr emperor Theodosius the Younger, coontiB; d * verses. In the 7th century, bishop Es…
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to Pharaoh or to Elgypt (I**- ^h 9; Ezek. xxlx, 8; xxxii, 2 ; perhaps Psa. Ixxiv, 13), and in that case, es- pecially as feet are attributed to it, it most probably refers to the crocodile as the well-known emblem of Eg}'pt. When, however, it is used of the king of Babylon, as in Jer. li, 84, the same propriety would l…
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Gold Daric of Persia. Actual sise. Harpocration says that, according to some persons, the daric was worth twenty silver drachms, which agrees with the statement of Xenopbon {Anab, i, 7, 18), who informs us that 8000 darics were equal to ten talents, which would consequently make the daric equal to twenty drachms. The …
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*^The main difference between our sleeping and vraking ttioughts appears to lie in this, that in the former case the perceptive faculties of the mind (the sensational powers [not their organs; see Butler, AncU- ogy^ pt. i, c. 1], and the imagination which combines the impressions derived from them) are active, while th…
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DREAM 886 DRESS ilarly in the climax of 1 Sam. xzriii, 6, we read tiiat * the Lord answered Saol not, neither by dreams, nor by Urim [by symbol], nor by prophets.' Under the Christian dispensation, while we freqaentiy read of trances (jbetrrdmic) and visions (6iiTa<riat, opAfiaTa\ dreams are not refierred to as reg…
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Drelincourt, Charles, an eminent wa^te d the Reformed Church of France, was bora Mt Sdc July 10, 1595. He was educated at SausQir, sai l 1618 became pastor near Langres. In l&i k u called to the pastorate of the church at Chttrstt. near Paris, where he served faithfully, and -wak rv cellent reputation. He died at Paris…
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ability is that the latter name passed frx>m the mate- rial to a particular kind of robe. Silk was not intro- duced unto a very late period (Rev. xviii, 12) : the term meaki'^ ("^ttJa ; Sept rptxawrov ; Ezek. xvi, 10) is of doubtful meaning. See Silk. The use of a mixed material, shaaine/ 02^^^ * ^P^ Kifidr}XoVy I e. s…
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to have been maintained among the Hebrews: the Babylonians and other Eastern nations (Josh, vii, 21 ; Ezek. xxvii, 24), as well as the Eg^'ptians (Ezek. xxvii, 7), excelled in it. Nor does the art of dyeing appear to have been followed np in Palestine : dyed robes were imported fh>m foreign coantries (Zepb. i, 8), part…
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The annexed wood-cut (fig. 1) reprwents lb sf- plest style of Oriental dre8^ a lon^r loose rffflt « J- thonefh without a girdle, reaching neariv to **f?"' The same robe, with the addition of tbe gir&» shown in fig. 4. In fig. 2 we have tbe o^"^ rT of the modem Bedouin ; the tunic overiaps the pi^' at the waist, leaving…
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The ordinary mode of wearing the outer robe, called DRESS 890 DKE>S (Aba or abAffek, «t the present time, is exhibited In ligs. 2 and 6. The arms, when falling down, are oom- pleCelj covered by it, as in fig. 6 ; but in holding any weapon, or in active work, the lower part of the arm is ezpoeed, as in fi^. 2. FIgi…
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DRESS 891 DRESS BT with or witfaoat a coat over it; the "smock- k" is familiar to us as an upper garment, and still I kind of andress. In shape and material these espond with ketAoneth, and, like it, the term >ck** is applied to both sexes. In the sacerdotal 18 a more technical term might be used: ** vest- it," in i…
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The loose, flowing character of the Hebrew robes admitted of a variety of symbolical actions : rending them was expressive of various emotions, as grief (Gen. xxxvii, 29, 34 ; Job i, 20 ; 2 Sam. i, 2) [see MbDRniNo], fear (1 Kings xxi, 27 ; 2 Kings xxii, 11, 19), indignation (2 Kings v, 7; xi, 14; Matt, xxvi, 65), or d…
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The color of the garment was, as we have already observed, generally white ; hence a spot or stain read- ily showed itself (Isa. Ixiii, 8; Jude 28; Rev. iii, 4); reference is made in Lev. xiii, 47 sq. to a ^rreenish or reddish spot of a leprous character. Jahn (A rchdoL i, 8, § 186) conceives this to be not the result …
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•liedo, or Dridoens, Jan, a Roman Catholic ne, was bom at Turnhout, in Brabant. He stnd- it the University of Louvain, where he was a pu- >f Adrian Florent, afterwards Adrian VI, and be- e professor of theology there. In the controversy f een the Lutherans and Roman Catholics he took active part ; and, according to the…
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DRINK-OFFERING 894 DROMEDARY ticed in the Mishna (Shabb, xz, 2; Tervm. xi, 1) nn- der A Hebraized fonn of that name, consisting of a mixture of wine, honey, and pepper ; the other a de- coction of the juice of the grape, termed debash (honey) by the Hebrews, and dibs by the modern Syrians, re- sembling the 'i^fia of…
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Camol of the liumfr of a finer and more elegant stroctot^MM ii, 44; Prosp. Alp. Rer* ^. !▼, 7, ^ >^V^ Traxf, i, 369), so that it can not «»ly**5pJJJ per hour (Shaw, TVor. p. 149), but gMWi**g for a great number of days tc^th€r(BKIP^* 809; Volney, ii, 260; Hdst, aVoelrw ft -*«■ 289). They carry only 600 to 700 ?••*• *|…
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Loading a Camel. From the Sculptures at Kouyanjlk. camel receiving its load is found, designed with con- siderable truth and spirit: the legs bent under, the tail raised, the foot of the man on the neck of the ani- mal to keep it from rising, while a second adjusts the burden from behind, form a group seen every day i…
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Dronght(r'nJta, baistto'r^ wfrtwrfofna'^ xvii, 8 ; " dearth,^' xiv, 1 ; ^in, dto'nh, <irp».G« xxxi, 40; Jer. 1, 88; Hag. ij U ; elsewhere "bei' etc. ; or V''^'J'!1» charabon, the same, P». ma* ninxna, tscKhtsachoth\ dry places, Isa-lvniU;^ tngak'\ Job xxiv, 19 ; Jer. ii, 6, a rfry W « «^ where osnally rendered ; f'^^ta…
1,040 wordsSource & rights
Public-domain 19th-century biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical reference work; OCR text from Internet Archive. Historical scholarship and terminology reflect its era; OCR may contain errors. Verify quotations and current scholarly claims independently.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.