PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
McClintock & Strong Cyclopaedia — Volume 2
John McClintock & James Strong · 1,214,832 words · 1184 reading sections
Section 901
DEACON Y06 DEACOX jet it 8«emf to be the apostle's meaning ; and, without adverting to modem habits and controversies, it is evi- dent that ihe due discharge of the primitive office of deacon must tend to qualify men for the ministry." II. In the Earfy Poti-ApoitoKc OtireA.— That the duties of tlie seven deacons we…
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In general, the number of deaoona vaik4i^^ wants of a particulaT church. Seaoinea(vii,19,pl4 informs us that the Chordi of Rome, alter thftifi'* model, never had more than seven deaoons. ft^ not till the dose of the third oentmy tfaatdeMBi** forbidden to marry. The Conncil d Aarm,i& 844, in its 10th Can., ordains that …
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"where proyision is so made, to search for the sick, poor, and impotent people of the parish, and to inti- mate their estates, names, and places where they dwell, unto the curate" (that is, to the rector or yicar haying the cure or care of souls), '* that by his exhortations they may be relieyed with the alms of the pa…
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II. Deacone$tet im the early Chtrch^'—The Apostoli- cal Constitutions distinguish "deaconesses" from ** widows" and *' virgins," and prescribe their duties. A form of ordination for deaconesses is also given (bk. viii, c. 19, 20), in which the bbbop pra3rs as follows : ** Eternal Gk)d, Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, …
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DEACONESS 709 DEAD SEA s character belonging to H, as described by the He Paol, xuimely, widows, and not married wom- shall be chosen for that purpose." Classis fk- d the restoration of the office, and referred the ter to the next provincial 87n«>d, that by its an- ity it mlsht also be restored in other localities. …
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Dead (properly some form of T\VQ, ^vrjeKw). See BuRiAi^. When a Hebrew died in any house or tent,^ all the persons and furniture in it contracted a pollu- tion which continued seven days (Num. xix, 14-16). All who touched the body of one who died, or was killed in the open fields ; all who touched men's bones, or a gra…
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DEAD, Baptism of the. See Baptism, tqLl ^ 652, col. 2. DEAD, Burial OF THE. See Bubial; Fusbh- DEAD, Pratebs for thr, a custom that «» » the Church at an early period. Tertullian (23^) rt- marks (De Corona MilU, ch. iii) that it is the pwto for a widow to pray for the soul of her decessed b* band. He also speaks (De Mo…
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protection of a special statute to the deaf mute : " Thoa shalt not curse the deaT' (Lev. xix, 14). This enact- ment not only absolutely prohibited the reviling of these unfortunates, but might also be understood figu- ratively, as if Moses recommended that kindness and instruction should be shown to them (Isa. xxix, 1…
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Death (properly nj«, ^avoroc). No logical defi- nition of death has been generally agreed upon. This point was much contested in the 17th century by the Cartesian and other theologians and philosophers. Since death can be regarded in various points of view, the descriptions of it must necessarily vary. If we consider t…
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Death, when applied to the animal nature, properly ;nifies a dissolution or failure of all its powers and lotions ; so, when applied to the spiritual nature, or lis of men, it denotes a corresponding disorder there- a being spiritually dead in trespasses and sins (Rom. i, 6 ; Eph. a, 1, 8 ; Col. ii, 18 ; Jude 12). The …
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"But man himself is involved in the common doom. It is appointed unto all men once to die. The reigning foct, man's death, seems to force upon us the conclusion that death is a physical necessity, or a universal law extending to all material organizations, however oth- erwise psychologically distinguished or divinely a…
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Mbits the reality and effect of this complex being. WhOe his earthly paradise yidded il> rick pleasures to every sense and senrifaility of fan i nature, his higher life fbond its appropnrte mi pi eminent occupation and deliglit in the tenia m communion of the ' Father of his spirit." Tlase vie* as they magnify the lif…
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II go away from the glory and joy of God's pres- e into everlasting punishment. This is the second th.** See also Fletcher, Wwk» (N. T. ed.), i, 168 ; Wesley, TTorAs (N. York ed.), i, 401; ii, 84, 404; irards, WorlcB (N. Y. 1848, 4 vols. 8vo), ii, 872, 890 ; Watson, InsHtuteiy ii, 48, 55 ; Martensen, Ckriitian ^maiic$ …
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Deb'^ora {prop. Debo^ra] {AiPPiopd or AifiPwpa, from thi Heb. Deborah), a woman of Naphtali, moth- er of Tobiel, the &ther of Tobit (Tob. i, 8). Deborah. See Beb. Deb'orah (Heb. n^in? [or "defectively" H-jh^, Gen. XXXV, 8; Judg. iv, 14; v, 15], a bee^ as often [comp. the names MiXiofra and MdHUla] ; Sept. Ac- pofJ^ V…
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From the intimations which the narrBdTe(i^ ly her song) contains, and from other ciren the peoide would appear to have sank ints * Mtf total discouragement under the opprcMioa of ik& naanites, so that it was difficult to roue ftaln their despondency, and to induce them ts mk^ exertion to burst the fetters of tbdr booda…
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hand, Deut xv, 2: the Talmudic precepts on ioch pa- per are given in the Mishna, Baba Bathra, c 10) were, at least in the poet-exilian period, regularly in vogue (Tobit i, 17 ; Josephus, Ant. xvi, 10, 8 ; War, U, 17, 6; comp. xviii, 6, 8; Luke xvi, 6 sq.). Distraint was al- lowed, but under certain restrictions (Exod. …
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4. If a person had become bondsman or surety for another, he was liable to be called upon for payment in the same way with the original debtor. But this practice does not appear to have obtained before the time of Solomon, when it was attended with serious consequences. It seems that the formality observed was for the …
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n* DECALOGUE 719 DECALOGUE It noC steal. Thou shalt not bear Iklse wltneiM. *TL slialt not covet thy neighbor's goods.' What ton is there, by the gods, if you take away these y * Xboa shah not adore otlier gods,* and * Remem- tlie Sabbath,' which does not think all the others to l>e kept, and which does not punish …
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To these testimonies fh>m the fethers may be added that of Clemens Alexandrinus (Stromata, vi, p. 809) ; but this writer is so confused and contradictory in ref- erence to the subject, that some have supposed the text to have been corrupted. ** The first precept of the Decalogue,** he observes, ** shows that one God on…
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tuns, fbrtis, nloies,'' etc to " pnecepta aas." Tk last two commandments (aocordiiig to the Bdmb i viskm) are, however, in the sameCateclii8B,cqi in one, thus : ** Hon concnpisces doman iraniti; nee desiderabis nxorem ejoM, non swim, ass ad lam, non bovem, non aainom, nee omnia qu sunt. In his dnobus prgceptia," etc It…
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^pbar-Carnaaa(n'^np ^D3), Cephar-^eiwoM (^63 Montgomery counties. IL—Z z maXj, Betk^Gurin O'^'lia TT^^), Arho C\y^^), and Qb- tarechPkilippi, Brocaidus, a writer of the 18th cen- tuiy, even describes Decapolis as extending in breadth from tiie Sea of Galilee to Sidon, and in length from Tiberias to Damascus, including…
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Coin of Decius Trajsnui. Brlttsh Maseom. Actual siae. Ckipper. Weight 803i graioB. In point of time this persecution ranks as the seventh, but in point of cruelty it was only equalled by that of Diocletian. See Persecutions. For about forty years prior to the accession of Decius the Chris- tians had enjoyed peace, whi…
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>eoree (properly n^, (2at4 [Dtfn. ii, 9, 18, 16, else- Bre " law"], doyiia [Luke ii, 1 ; Acta xvi, 4; xvii, Ise-where '* ordinance"], an tdidi also *^tA, gazar^ ith. Ii, 13, cpivw [1 Cor. vii, 87, elsewhere otoally idge"3» ^ dstemitne; but represented by several er Heb. wordsX an oflloial lesolation passed by mag- sria…
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8. The mention ot/ormeaHon (vopvtid) appears to be quite foreign to the nature of the other injunctions, and opposed to the above view of these apostoUcal ordinances. It blends a purely moral precept with enactments that refer only to matters of outward ob- servance. The coi\jectural emendation (wopci £ac, or XOtpeiag,…
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isidorisdienDeefeiaIen,llf&d€Aherg,lB4Sf)^ak^ pilers used many more sources iJiaa nre mm kii and that most of the papal letters whick sr wtm erally considered as spurious were probably tabs other collections, has not met with modi aj^tonL As this collection was osed by the popes wiA eflfoet to amplify their powsr…
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whole of the passage is as follows : '* Dedan [was] thy merchant in precious clothes for chariots. Arabia, and all the princes of Kedar, they occupied with thee in lambs, and rams, and goats : in these [were they] thy merchants. The merchants ot Sheba and Baamah they [were] thy merchants : they occupied in thy fairs wi…
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Mode m which ihU Festival wa$ attddOlii eekbraied. — It commenced on the 26th of Chisleu (see Calbm- DAB, Jewish), and lasted eight days, but it did not re- quire attendance at Jerusalem. (Jesus, however, was present there during this season, xci/imv, or winter, John X, 20.) It was an occasion of much festivity. The Je…
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There are four other dedications of the Tea|4e iv> corded: 1. The dedication of the Solomonic Temple (I Gsg* viii, 2 ; 2 Chron. v, 8), which took pUice hi the serc^ month, or in the autumn. B.C. 10<Kk Tliis wai eoa- cident with the Feast of Tabemacks (q. v.). 2. The dedication at tiie time of Hesekiah, wbeat^ Temple …
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Barbary Deer. 1. The species usually referred to by the above Heb. terms is probably that now known by the name of Cermu barbarv$t or Barbary stag, in sise between the red and fallow deer, diBtinguished by the want of a bisantler, or second branch on the hcxms, reckoning from below, and by a spotted livery, which is e…
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bishops in Africa by superseding them in their ex- pected sacoeision totheofficeof ardtbiiiispar politan. In later times, degradatiem iwipliwl of all authority and station. An instaaee tf < tical degradation in the ei^tii ceutniy at pie is recorded. The patriarch Cwialswii to ascend the (mho; he was stripped by &e M^t…
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From whence oometh my help. %. My help cometh from the Lcnrd, Who made heaven and earth. 8. He will no% suffer thy foot to be mofved; Thy keeper will not lAumher. 4. Lo, not alumher nor ale^ will the keeper ^Ibtm^ , 5. Jehovah is thy keeper., eta ompare also Psa. cxxii,2-4; cxxiii,8,^; cxxiv,!- ; cxxvi, 2, 8 ; cx…
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DEI GRATIA ISO DEBM sermons, in two Tolnmes, hare passed throogb two editions in this conntiy, and through three in England. They are models of practical pulpit discourse. See Memoir by Rev, Dr, Godtdmy and Prtf. to 2d edit, Ser^ SHMw, vol. i ; also Sprague, Afmak^ y, 425. Del Gratia (Lat by tke grace of God) is a …
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In France, the English Deism was adopted isd^ ftised by Voltaire and the Encyclopedists (q. v.): ^ it soon became frivolous, immoral, and, in fixti ^ istic. In Germany, the same seed sprang up is ^ 18th century in the theories which gave rise to tk modem Rationalism (q. v.). '' The dei^ical inona^ if viewed as a whole,…
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1. (Sept AaXataQ v. r. 'ApSaWai.) The head of the twenty-third division of the priestly order in the arrangement by David (1 Chron. xxiv, 18). B.C. 1014. 2. (Sept. Aa\cttaQ, TodoXiag.") A son of Shemaiah, and one of the courtiers to whom Jeremiah's first roll ^ of prophecy was read (Jer. xxxvi, 12) : he vainly in- ter…
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Deli'lah (Heb. Delilah% nh'^h^, prob. hngidsh- ing, sc. with lustful desire ; Sept AaXtdd, Josephus AaXtXa), a woman who dwelt in the valley of Sorek, beloved by Samson (Judg. xvi, 4-18). B.C. 1166. Her connection with Samson forms the third and last of those amatory adventures which in his history are so Inextricably …
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emn pause of seven day^ before the threatened notion "was let loose. At last the flood came ; the rs were upon the earth. The narrative is vivid forcible, though entirely wanting in that sort of tiption which in a modem historian or poet would i occupied the largest space. We see nothing of death-struggle ; we hear not…
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cattle, and creeping thing and fowl of the heaven : they ^ere blotted out fh>m the earth, and Noah only was left, and they that were with him in the ark. And the waters prevailed on the earth a hundred and fifty days." The waters of the Flood increased, for a pe- riod of 190 days (40+160, comparing vH, 12 and 24). …
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'flireupon, not being difK>bedient (to the heavenly vision), he built a vessel five sCadU in kqgtk in breadth. Into this be put ererytfalBg vlod prepared, and embarked in it Ids wife» kis d and his personal friends. After the And ki upon the earth and was in time abated, out some birds from the veeeel, wluc^ aoi food,…
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2. A seeond cycle of traditions is that of Eastern isia. To this belong the Persian, Indian, and Chi- lese. The Persian is mixed up with its cosmogony, ind hence loses everything like a historical aspect * The world having been corrupted by Ahriman, it iras necessary to bring over it a universal flood of wa- ter,-that …
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DELUGE 736 DELUGE bark near the mountain of Colbuacan" {Vues de» CoT' dUleres et Monumens de VAmiriqu6j p. 226, 227). A pecoliarity of many of these American Indian tradi- tions most be noted, and that is, that the Flood, ac- cording to them, nsually took place in the time of the First Man, who, together with his fa…
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It seems tolerably certain that the EgypiiseiW no records of the Delnge, at least if we an to cn£ Manetho. Nor has any such record been detected c the monuments, or preserved in the mytbologT^ Egypt, They knew, however, of the flood of Den- lion, but seem to have been in donbt whether H n to be regarded as partial or n…
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2. The geological objections to a universal deluge tre also formidable. Many years have not elapsed since it was believed that the revelations of geology tended in a very marked manner to confirm the com- nionly received view of the deluge. Over the greater P&Tt of Great Britain and Ireland, and throughout Central and …
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8. But perhaps the most startling of all the difficul- ties in the way of the belief in a universal deluge aVB presented to us in the researches of the soologist. From him we learn that, even taking the cubit by which the ark was measured to have been of the lon- gest, the ark was totally inadequate to contain the ani-…
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DELUGE 739 DELUGE lals liave nev«r been inteimpted hy a general oa- 'opbe. A careful stndy of these provinces shows some are older than others, just as some ports of earth's sar&ce are geologically older than other a. In certain cases a province is found to contain lin itself the relic of an older province which on…
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We are thus compelled to adopt the opinion that the flood of Noah was (lll^^ other deluges of which we read) a local event confined to one part of the earth's surface, and that it was ** universal" only inasmuch as it effected the destruction of the whole human race, the family of Noah alone excepted. Against this opin…
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De'lus (or Dblos, A^Xoc, so called from having appeared, iffKoQ^ manifett, fh>m the sea, at the com- mand of Neptune), mentioned in 1 Mace, xv, 28, as one of the places addressed by Lucius in behalf of the Jews, is the smallest of the islands called Cycladefl, in the ^gean Sea (see Smith's Diet. ofCkus, Geog. s. v.), b…
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Mace. X, 74-82). In spite of these hostilities, Jona- than succeeded in gaining the favor of Demetrius when he was established in the kingdom (1 Mace, xi, 23-27), and obtained from him an advantageous commutation of the royal dues and other concessions (1 Mace, xi, 82 -87). In return for these favors the Jews rendered …
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5. A freed-man of Pompey, who rebuOt, at his re- quest, the city of Gadara, of which he was a Datiye (Josephus, Ant, xiv, 4, 4). 6. An Alexandrian Jew and alabarch, who married Harianme (formerly the wife of Archelans), by whom she had a son Agrippinus (Josephus, AnL xx, 7, 8). 7. A silversmith at Ephesus, who, being…
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Demme, Charlbs Rudolph, D.D., an eaiaa* Lutheran divine, the son of Dr. Herman Deiniw,w« bom in Mtthlhausen, Thuringia, April 10, irSi & studied at the Gynmasium at Altenburg, andtke»- versities of Gdttingen and Halle. On the nprianiEC^ Germany to repel the invasion of Napoleon, be oft**^ his services, and immediately …
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Dempster, Thomas, a Scotchman of much mis- cellaneous erudition, was bom at Muiresk, Aberdeen- shire, about the year 1579. He studied at Cambridtre, went to Paris, and obtained a temporar}^ professorship in the College of Beauvais, where he manifested a very quarrelsome temper. He was afterwards professor at Pisa and B…
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• 6a6). even its representative in the modem Orkoty &r See Greave, Roman Foot and Denarius (Lend. l^C Rasche, Lex. Rd Numarue, II, i, 138 ; Pinkeiloa, ij^ on Medals,!; Akermein.Cjtalogrue €ffRc>m.C9i»siljiii 1834), i, 15-19; and the essays De dmarh eesm ' Christiem (Upsal. 1732) and Mayer (Giyph. I'M}, y Money. Denck…
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Deuk, JoHANN, an Anabaptist of the 16th century. Nothing is known of his early years. In 1621 he was in Basle, and in 1528 at Numberg, as rector of the school of St. Sebaldus. He rejected infant baptism, and promulgated anti - trinitarian ideas. He was brought before the council of NOmberg, and, being unable to defend …
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II. Consiituium.— The first constitution of the Prot- taut Church of Denmark was drawn up by a com- littee, then revised by Luther and the other theologi- is of Wittenberg, and published, with some additions r the king, in 1537. The code of 1688 made the king le supreme head of the Church, with almost absolute owers. T…
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DEXS 748 DEPOSIT ster. At first its proceedings included lo^'al addresses to the throne. Dr. Calamy preached in 1781 tlie first sermon to ministers in Dr. Williams's library, in Red- cross Street ; and this concio ad clerum continued for several years. "Every con^^regation of Protestant dissenters, Presbyterians, In…
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DEPOSITION 749 DERBE sposildon (1.)t in the ecclesiastical law of the em CliaTch, k the depriving a priest of the privi- ^ and. forbidding him to petform the duties of his Jon , l>ut not depriving him of orders. According te ancient discipline, the deposed person lost not his office and benefice forever, but he also…
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Deputy stands in our version as a translation of two Heb. and one Greek term. 1. This rendering occurs in 1 Kings xii, 47, of the 3UD, nitsUab' (literally set over), or prafect, apparently constituted a sheik by common consent of the Edom- itish clans prior to royalty. See Duke. It is also spoken of the ** officers" o…
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DeroSto. See Atargatis. Derek. See Talmud. Deraser, THADD^im Aittoh, a Sran C^ divine, was bom March IL, 1757, at Fcfai, h h^ nia. He studied theology at Hddelberg,«^ began his academical career a» lectorer. Ii ri became professor of Oriental literstoie at im in 1791, episcopal vicar and professor of tksifad Strasbur…
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The mendicant dervishes are mostly foreigners, or lose who have been expelled from the various orders, : impostors, who cheat and bewitch the people under le garb of dervishism. These travelling dervishes re mostly jutrglers, and their skill in trickerj' is truly onderful. They often become wealthy in the prac- ce of t…
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There are many orders besides these, having a great- er or less Importance : the Kaderijek^ founded by Ab- del-Kader-el-Gilani, known by their white banners and turbans ; the Said-Ibrahim^ founded by Sidi-Ibrahim- el-Dahuki, whose turbans and banners are green ; the RmheruB; the Shemsirs; the Jemalis; the Nacsh-ben- di…
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DES CARTES 153 DES CARTES adon, and determined the rude outline of his snb- nt philosophy. His isolation and intense concen- a. of thought afiected his brain so fax that he fan- imself assored by celestial visitations of the truth philosophic principles and method. Some bus- I of the possibility of delusion led him…
999 wordsSource & rights
Public-domain 19th-century biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical reference work; OCR text from Internet Archive. Historical scholarship and terminology reflect its era; OCR may contain errors. Verify quotations and current scholarly claims independently.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.