PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
McClintock & Strong Cyclopaedia — Volume 2
John McClintock & James Strong · 1,214,832 words · 1184 reading sections
Section 841
See Renz, De saUationibus Jud. veit. rdig, (Lips. 1738) ; Danov, De choreis sacria Ebr, (Gryph. 1766) ; Spencer, De saltat. veU. Hebr. (in Ugolini Themur. xxx); Zeltner, De choreis vett. If ebr, (Altorf. 1726); Al tenon, De di&reis Paulo interdictis (Misen. 1744); Brdmel, FesUdnze der ersten Christen (Jen. 1701); GrQ- …
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Dan'iel (Heb. and Chald. Don^eT, iK??^; also £zek. xiv, 14, 20; xxviii, 3] in the shorter form hmkV, biU'l ; see below), the name of at least three len. 1. (Sept. AaftvtfiK r, r. AakovtOf Vulg. Daniel.) Ling David's second son, ** bom unto him in Hebron," of AbigaU the Carmelitess" (1 Chron. iii,l), B.C. ir. 1051. In…
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vor wHh the king^ and was intrusted with two im- portant offices — the governorship of the province of Babylon, and the head-inspectorship of the sacerdotal caste (Dan. ii). See Magi. Considerably later in the reign of Nebuchadnezzar we find Daniel interpreting another dream of the king*s, to the effect that, in pun- s…
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Allusion has been made above to the cmi|MuiB« which may be instituted between Daniel and i<««fi who stand at the beginning and the close of the di^ history of the Jews as representatives of the trat Ga. in heathen courts (Auberlen, Daniel, p. 82, 38). la ^ respect the position of Daniel must have exeidtt^ i powerftd in…
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The following are the essential features of the pro- phetic tenor of the book of Daniel, while the visions in ch. ii and vii, together with their diflbrent symbols, may be considered as embodying the leading notion of the whole. The development of the whole of the heathen power, until the completion and glorification …
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TliJi *iM (if fc mniTij:rt>J rhHiuctflr, th«! niit!vo Orletihil ele- M Hliivi<rfl'w» mpnt p<jrreftiioiidlfti? ti^ th(* cljiy, *tid tbe forvlirt] Graelc lo thy hi- *K"t i>«ri <■/ iroh iron T h wc w*?ri. (njiu ^jIuwI ii i uJ I »ortP i^f nffl nil tt;ii. Tlve t (*n , "^^ P*" ''^ ^^^ ' (POQ njar symlinliie itie nanmTVhiA fH…
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5 And the Ung of tha sonth shall be strong, and one of his princes ; and he shall be strong above him, and have dominion ; his dominion mall bt a great dominion. 6 And in the end of vaars they shall join thcm- lelvee toaether ; for the king's daughter of the sonth shall come to the king of the north to make greement …
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ItlAjf^lE^mf , sod th« cinOir *M rut Itlni nut ol Ubf ni'<aii tmlp HtLiai wiUidut liKli4i,BDi.l t«Tnl iin1aUia„lpd LbiBl it ttimk* En b4 tbtni^ri ' lUrcr J ■n'] llv* |r>rd<t juitfrnifAl ^| tji« sriKt CJTiJ h>t}i 'm^ t}M bw»hi made karrwu In ihr- V|»t*v4JU klDg wlul riiAUl IS t WW to liw C^* t« MM U«T»-'^M|.lli| li…
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81 And arms shall stand on his part, and they shall pollute the sanctury <^ strength, and shall take away the daily smpj/m, and they uiall place the abomina- tion that maketh deeolate. 89 And such as do wickedly against the covenant ahall he corrupt by flatteries : but ue people that do know their God shall be strong,…
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10 Many shaU be purified, and made white, and tried; but the wicked ahall do wickedly: and none of the wicked shall understand ; but the wise shall understand. 11 And ttom the time tiat the dally terifiet shall lie taken away, and the abonunation that maketh deeo- late aet m, tkert tIkaU &« a thousand two hundred and …
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The following are the more important of ^ «if*- ments which evidence the genuineness of tbo b«i (see the works on the AuthenHaty of Daniel, by Boyfe [Lond. 1863] and Waters [ib. eod.]). (1.) The existence and authority of the book iff most decidedly testified by the New Testament Cbn=< himself refers to it (Matt xxiv,…
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(9.) The religious views, the ardent belief in the Messiah, the purity of that belief, the absence of all the notions and ceremonial practices of later Judaism, etc., the agreement of the book in these respects with the genuine prophetic books, and more especially with the prophets in and after the exile— all this test…
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ter, Genmneness of Daniel (Lood.lSGZ); Baxam,! theiSte(i:tf.J^r«Cl863,iv; Fuller, AmtiimAckg^fhn. iel (Cambr. 1864) ; Bosanqnet, Inspiraiiem If Ij^ad (Lond. 1866); Hannan, in the Medk. (^urt Em.ix. 1864. Other special exegetical works on the entiic \x^ or principal portiona of it, are the fcdiowing, of v^ the most imp…
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Hebrew Bible (Praf in .i>an.)i and, instead of any commentary of his own, adds shortly Origen's remarks ** on the &blee of Bel and Susanna** (Comm, in Dan, xiii, 1). In a similar manner, he notices shortly the Song of the three Children, ** lest he should seem to have overlooked it" (Comm, in Dan, iii, 23). III. Their…
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Daniel the Stylite was bom near Samosata about A.D. 410, and died near Constantinople about 490. He entered a monastery at twelre, and deter* mined in middle life to imitate Simeon the Stylite (^. T.). In 461 he fixed himself on a pillar on the height called Anapla, near Constantinople, and exposed him- self there day …
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DANTE 673 DANTE re spent at BaTenna, where prince Goido Novello Polenta was hb patron. The first powerful influence which awakened in him poetical inspiration was the love which at the age line years he conceived for Beatrice Portinari, then ht years old, the daughter of a rich citizen. How re, chaste, and tender…
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Of the other works of Dante, his Latin work, De Monarckia, written in the interest of the emperor against the temporal power claimed by pope Boniface YIII over all secular rulers, is the most important Dante takes the ground that both powers, like two swords, have been directly ordained by God to support each other. Th…
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1. A celebrated grove and sanctuary of Apollo near Antioch (q. v.), in Syria. Its establishment, like that of the city, was due to Seleucus Nicator. The dis- tance between the two places was about five miles (Strnbo, xvi, 750), and in liistory they are associated most intimately together (Antioch being frequently call…
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(1.) A great number of Hebr. MSS. read Darda in ;::hron. (Davidson, Hebf, Text^ p. 210), in which they ire followed by the Targum and the Syriac and Arabic rersions. See Daba. (2.) The son of Zerach would without difficulty be ailed in Hebrew the Ezrachite, the change depending nerely on the position of a vowel point.…
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DARIUS 676 DARIUS cMTcer or ctmaervcOw, The former accords with AoU- ingfatt, which is the sense of Ddrd^ the modem Per- sian name of Darios, the latter with the derivation (according to Lassen, Intchriften^ p. 89, 158) fkvm San- scrit <2ri, to preserve. (See Gesenius, Tk^, HA. p. 860.) According to Rawlinson {Hjsro…
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The chronological difiiculties which have been aasei (Rawlinson, Herodotus, i, 881) against the identificati« of Darius with Astyages on the assumption tiiat tlv events in Dan. v relate to the taking of Bsdijka W Cyrus (B.C. 688), in which case he would have asned- ed the throne at seven years of age, are indeed wt asi…
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ly aoconnted for by the history and the repreaent«» tions of the prophets. The adveisaries ** weakened the hands of the people of Judah, and troubled them in building, and hired counsellors against them to frustrate their purpose all the days of Cyrus, even un- til the reign of Darius" (Ezra iv, 4, 5). Besides mo- lesU…
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The true explanation of this difficulty, proposed long ago by Mr. Howes, and adopted by Dr. Hales, has been recently put forward by Bertheau (in the Kurzgefoit, exegeU Hdb. on Ezra, Neh., and Esther, 1862, p. 69-78). This writer had formerly upheld the more usual view {BeUrdge gu der Guch. dor Itr, p. 896) ; so had Vai…
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2. A second reason alleged by Dr. Mill (a. jl p.l& note) is *^ the circumstance that, in the next aae^ from Babylon, tiiat of Ezra himself, . . . tiie di^ of David*s house was removed tnan Zorobabel ^ c least sm; generations . . . thus proving . . . t2ei^«»> sibility of the descendant's ascent firom Bahyko b^ e%iiier t…
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thesto genealogies and lists were brought down to his own times by the compiler or last redactor of this book (see under No. 8 below).— Kitto^ Cyclop, s. v. See Nbb Dabius Htstabpis (i. e. son of Hystaspes or Vash- taspa), the fifth in descent from Achaemenes, the found- er of the Perso-Arian dynasty, or ninth in the …
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Darius II was named Ochus (^Oxoc), but on his accession he was distinguished by the epithet Nothus (No3oc), from his being one of the seventeen illegiti- mate sons of Artaxerxes I or Longimanus, who made him satrap of H3rrcania. He rebelled against Sogdia- nus, another brother, who had murdered tiieir father, and, with…
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The "thick darkness" in which God is said to ka^ been (Exod. xx, 21), was doubtless the ** thick dtsd upon the mount" mentioned chap, xix, 16; aad tbe ** thick darkness" in which *'the Lord said thstk would dwell*' (1 Kings viii, 12), has reforeoce Is tk cloud upon the mercy-seat, in which he pronissd tt "appear" to Aa…
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Dart (in Prov. vii, 28, yri, chets^ an arrow, as else- where; in Job xli, 26, 5©p, massa', an arrow; in 2 Sam. xvii, 14, Id^l^, sherbet, a rod or staff, as else- where ; in 2 Chron. xxxii, 6, nitj, she'lach, any mit- site weapon ; in Job xli, 29, Hlnin, tothach', a bludgeon; in the New. Test. pkXog, Eph. vi, 16, or /So…
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number, and put forth nuh-like, swosd-diapsd, ent green (Psa. xcU, 18 ; comp. Shaw, p. ISiQ Itms, Am 2 inches broad, and 8 to 12 feet long. In tbt ndi of the topmost and youngest bfancbea is founds pso^ ed, pithy heart (iycs^ov, or bead), iMoxly two tk in length, which contains the boda <^ new tvigi a leaves (this, whe…
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Dath'ema {AidOifui ; Alex, and Josephus, AdOe- fui ; other MSS. AdfiiOa ; Vulg. DcUhema), a fortress (t6 dxvpwfta ; Joseph. <ppovpiov) in which the Jews of Gilead took refuge ttom the heathen (1 Mace, v, 9 ; Joseph. Ant. xii, 8, 1). Here they were relieved by Judas and Jonathan (1 Mace, v, 24). They marched from Bozora…
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Daubuz, Charles, a French Protestant divine, was born in 1670, came to England on the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, and became vicar of Brother- ton, Cheshire. He died in 1740. His Commentary on the Book of Revelation (Lond. 1720, folio) is a most elaborate work, to which later writers have been much indebted, and…
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Davenport, Christopher, an Knglfah Roosaiai divine, was bom at Coventry about 1598^ and was acac to Merton College, Oxford, at 15, bnt was perraade4 at 17 by a priest to go to the Romanist coH^ce ^ Douai, France, and thence to Tpres. Here he becaae a Romanist and a Franciscan. Under the name at Franciscns a Sancta Clar…
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Shlmaah (9 Sam. zzi.91). L (one DAVID. (Raal. (Aaam. b not JoMph. ilirf. JoMph. ^itf. clran, Ti, 8, 1 ; rt, 8, 1). nnleM Rei,Kwald). Eliha, Svr.antf Anb., (9 8i IChrc >.xzi,91: Ihnw. xxvU,39). (Nathan t Jar. ^. HA. on 1 Sam. zrl, 19). Joel I (Joroma, on 1 Chron. xl, 88). lOnnulifjlS). mentary notices c…
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The first record of David's appearance in history at once admits us to the whole femily circle. B.C. 1068. There was a practice once a year at Bethlehem, prob- ably at the first new moon of the year, of holding a sacrificial feast, at which Jesse, as the chief proprietor of the place, would preside (1 Sam. xx, 6), with…
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4. One incident alone of his solitary shepherd life s come down to us— his conflict with the lion and B bear in defence of his father's flocks (1 Sam. xrii, , 85). But it did not stand alone. He was already town to Saul's guards for his martial exploits, prob- ily against the Philistines (xvi, 18), and when he ddenly a…
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II. Davids 8 Hiitory in corniedion wUk S(nil,-^The vic- tory over Goliath had been a turning-point of his ci^ reer. Saul inquired his parentage, and took him final- ly to his court Jonathan was inspired by the roman- tic friendship which bound the two youths together to DAVID 688 DAVID the end of their lives. The t…
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His stay at the court of Achish (q. v.) wis ^ Discovered possibly by " the sword of GoUsth," 1» presence revived the national enmi^ of tbe Pb& tines against their former conqueror; and he oelff' caped by feigning madness, by violent gMtrncs, p^ ing on the gates of the city, or on a drum or c^nU letting his beard grow, …
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scends and silently cuts off the skirt of the long robe spread, as is usual in the East on such occasions, be- fore and behind the person so occupied— and then en- sued the pathetic scene of remonstrance and for^v^ ness (xxiv, 8-22). The third was in the wOdemess forther south. There was a regular camp, formed with its…
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III. David's Reign,— (L) At King pf Judah at ff&- hroriy 7^ years (2 Sam. ii, 1-v, 5). — Hebron was select- ed, doubtless, because it was the ancient sacred city of the tribe of Judah, the burial-place of the patriarchs and the inheritance of Caleb. Here David was first formally anointed king — by whom it is not stated…
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Underneath this show of outward P«*P^' *L cankers, incident to the royal state which D»»»^ assumed, had first made themselves appam^*^ bron, and affected all the rest of his caxeer- Hiefi* was the formation of a harem, according ** *• ^ of Oriental kings. To the two wives of to ^ ing life he had now added four, and …
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ed, silice, before tbe reign of Saul, even smiths' forges were not allowed among them by the Philistines. Nothing, however, could be more profitable for the Phoenicians than the security of cultivation enjoyed by the Israelites in the reigns of David and Solomon. The trade between Tyre and Israel became at once ex- tre…
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After this event, the king, contrasting his cedar pal- ace with the curtains of the tabernacle, was desirous of building a temple for the ark ; such a step, more- over, was likely to prevent any future change of its abode. This design, when imparted to the prophet Nathan, was received by him with warm encourage- ment H…
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t MBS who di«dpS«n. xlT,»7: ZTiii,18). (IL) IHoM at Htbrfm, (t8>m.ill,M; 1 Chrai. lU, 1-4). AUtel. ^ M), (or M^Mdl) (SSun. JoMph. 8, ft). (t 8m. T, 1S-1« ; 1 Chroo. iU, 6-« ; zlr. 4-T.) Elkbiw, lipLlet. (1 Chroo. No«h (1 Chroo. m,j). I. NophiC. Japhia. EUshanM. 8. Bathahebo (1 Chron. HI, S), EUad…
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DAVID 694 DAVID round him in his wanderings. The namber of 600 was i-till preserved^ with the name of Gibborim^ ^' heroes** or * * mighty men.*' It became yet further subdivided into three large bands of 200 each, and small bands of 20 each. The small bands were commanded by thirty officers, one for each band, who t…
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d. But the more peculiar of David's iostitatifiu were those directly bearing on religion. Two {sepb- ets appear as the king's constant advisers. Of th« Gad, who seems to have been the elder, had been P** vid's companion in exile, and, from his being ciBa' " the seer," belongs probably to the earliest fioni d the prophe…
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the Hagarenes, and, perhaps, occasionally overran the district on the side of the Euphrates, which Hadadezer, king of Zobah, considered as his own. His efforts "to recover his border at the river Euphrates" first brought him into coUision with David, perhaps by an attack which he made on the roaming Eastern tribes. Dav…
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To tihese wars in general may be ascribed psalms ix and X. To the Edomitish war, both by its title and contents, must be ascribed psalm Ix, 6-12 (cviii, 7-13), describing the assault on Petra. Psalm xviii (repeat- ed in 2 Sam. xxii) is ascribed by its title, and appears from some expressions to belong to the day **when…
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(8.) The insurrection of Absalom sgaiast tfc Jj was the next important event, in the cooise ^^ there was shown the general tendency of two ^'^'^ favorably on young and untried princes rrther u^ on those whom they know for better and fer *J*^ B.C. 1028. Absalom erected his royal st«»d«V; Hebron first, and was f uUy prep…
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The history of the remaining period of the rebellion is comparatively brief. Mahanaim was the capital of David's exile, as it had been of tbe exiled house of Saul (2 Sam. xvii, 24; comp. ii, 8, 12). Three great chiefs of that pastoral district are specially mentioned as supporting him : one, of great age, not before na…
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c. The closing period of David's life, with the ex- ception of one great calamity, may be considered as a gradual preparation for the reign of his successor. This calamity was the three days' pestilence which visited Jerusalem at the warning of the prophet Gad (see Blessig, De cenm Dav, pesteque hunc secufa^ Ar- gent. …
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He died B.C. 1018, at the age of »eventv(?*» V, 4), and " was buried in the city of David" (1 Kio? ii, 10). After the return tnnn the captivity/** sepulchres of David" were still pointed out "brt»»® Siloah and the house of the * mighty men,'" **'** guard-house" (Neh. iii, 16). His tomb, which be*** the general sepulchr…
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See generally Havercamp, Dav, ret gesia tfindicaia (L. B. 1785) ; Niemeyer, U^er Leben und Char. Dav, (Hal. 1779) ; Ewald, Leben Dav. (Gera, 1795) ; Hau- ser, De ffiat. Dav. (Tub. 1780) ; Hosmann, Hist. Sam. SavK et Dav. (Kil. 1752); Feuerlein, IJhutria Davidis facta exjuritprud, naturoB itiustrata (Alt 1715) ; New- to…
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David OF DwAiCTO (13tb century) is said to have been a disciple of Amalrich of Bena (q. v.), who died A.D. 1207. The Council of Paris (A.D. 1209) not only condemned Amalrich, but also David of Dinanto. Thomas Aquinas {Sent, ii, Dist. xvii, qu. i, art. i) speaks of certain ** modem philosophers" as adherents of Da- vid,…
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Davies, Samuel, a Presbyterian minister, presi- it of the College of New Jersey, was bom near mmit Ridge, Newcastle County, Del., Nor. 8, 1728. t was educated at Fogg's Manor School, where he npleted his theological studies also, and was li- Dsed July 80, 1746. He was ordained as an evan- list in 1747, undertook a miss…
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Dawn, t)^9, ne'sheph, the 5rea^«n|^ or breeze of the cooler part of the day ; prop, the evening ' * twilight" (as usually rendered), hence the morning twilight or "dawning" (Job vii, 4; Psa. cxix, 147; "twilight," 1 Sam. XXX, 17; 2 Kings, vii, 5, 7); poet D^B^B?, DAY 702 DAY t^pkappa'^im, eytrUds (as elsewhere rend…
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TIVAL. The Jews are suppofed, like the modem lib, t have adopted from an early period minite ipJ» tions of the parts of the natural day (s« Jmf.k Lit, Jan. 1862, p. 471). Ron^y, indeed, tber « content to divide it into " morning, evening, isiii* day" (Psa. Iv, 17); but when they wished fcf par accuracy they pointed to…
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The word held to mean ** hour" is first found in Dan. ii, 6, 15, V. 5 (nrd, ihaah\ also " a moment," iv, 19). *erhape the Jews, like the Greeks, learned from the kibylonians the division of the day into twelve parts Herod, ii, 109). In our Lord's time the division was ommon (John xi, 9). It is probable that Ahaz intro-…
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DAY 704 DEACON (see Canabon ad Strab. i, 36 ; Ukert, Geogr, d, Griech. u. Rdm, 1, ii, 58). Bat the ancient writers seem to have fixed on the average of what waa usually per- formed by foot-travellers (Herod., ill) 9 i i^* 9)* He- rodotus ki one place sayv (iv, 401) a day's joomey amoonts to 200 stadia (comp. Polyb. …
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Day-spring (^rnb, AadCor, Job xxxri,!! elsewhere usually ** morning;** oforoXq, Laic i elsewhere -^^ east"), signifies the first strab d^ light, the dawn, or day-break ; and in die ^xmi the above-cited passages it is used in its Izfeenl m This portion of time was at a later period, in iasoa of the Persians, divided int…
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1 184). Dr. W. L. Alexander, in Kitto's Cyciopadia 8. v.), asserts that it is not easy to justify the assump- ion that the ** seven" were deacons in the later sense. ' Nothing can be drawn from the meaning of the word ^uiKovia as applied to their functions (ver. 1), or the ^ord ^uijcovoct a3 if this title had been orig…
927 wordsSource & rights
Public-domain 19th-century biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical reference work; OCR text from Internet Archive. Historical scholarship and terminology reflect its era; OCR may contain errors. Verify quotations and current scholarly claims independently.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.