PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
McClintock & Strong Cyclopaedia — Volume 8
John McClintock & James Strong · 1,493,014 words · 1487 reading sections
Section 1201
example of the setting-up of a sepulchral n ument ; caves having been up to this time spoken of as the usual places of burial. The spot was well known in the time of Samuel and Saul (] Sam. x,2 I; and the prophet Jeremiah, by a poetic figure of great force and beauty, represents the buried Rachel weeping for the loss …
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Radegunda, St., daughter of Berthar, a prince of Thuringia, flourished in the earlier part of the 6th cen- tury. Having been carried as a pri-otier to France in the twelfth year of her age bj Clothaire V, al that time RADER RAEIN king of the district whose capital is now called Soissons, she was educated in the Chr…
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Raffles, Thomas, D.D., LL.D., an English Inde- pendent divine of great celebrity as a pulpit orator and theologian, was born in London. May 17, 1788, of good parentage, and was connected with Sir Thomas S. Raf- fles. He pursued his theological studies at Homerton College, and in 1809 was settled as a Congregational min…
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eol.ii. par. 13). See MEDIA. This is probably I he fact which the apocryphal writer of Judith had in his mind when he spoke ofArphaxad as having been captured at Ragau. When Darius Codomannus fled from Alexander. intending to make a final stand in Bactria, he must have passed through Rages on his way to the ( laspian …
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care ha- n.. I relaxed in tin- respect tor an entile C( Uturj . ( 'hambi rs's l 'ncyclop. -. \ . RAGSTATT S79 RAHAB Ragstatt, Frederic, of Weile, a minister of the Reformed Church, was born, of Jewish parents, at Metz in 1648. In the year 1671 lie was baptized at Cleves in the faith of the Reformed Church ; and hi…
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1. Her History. — At the time of the arrival of the Israelites in Canaan she was a young unmarried wom- an, dwelling in a house of her own alone, though she had a father and mother, and brothers and sisters, liv- ing in Jericho. She was a " harlot," and probably com- bined the trade of lodging-keeper for wayfaring men.…
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implying that she was alive at the time he wrote, hut that the family of strangers of which she was reckoned the head continued to dwell among the children of Is- rael. May not the three hundred and forty-five "chil- dren of Jericho" mentioned in Ezra ii, 34; Neh. vii, 36, and "the men of .lericho" who assisted Nehem…
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Matt.i. I. t" have become, bj a subsequent marriage with Salmon, prince of Judah, an ancestress ol Jesus, Hut we must he content to take lads as they stand, RAHAB 881 RAHAB and not strain them to meet difficulties; and it is now universally admitted by every sound Hebrew scholar that !"I31T means " harlot," and no…
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The Jews, as above observed, are embarrassed as to what to say concerning Rahab. They praise her high- ly for her conduct ; but some rabbins give out that she was not a Canaanite, but of some other Gentile race, and was only a sojourner in Jericho. The Gemara of Babylon mentions the above -noted tradition that she beca…
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of seventeen years. In L836 he removed to Tiffin, O., and for four years was pastor of the German Reformed Church in that city. In 1840 he took charge of some country churches in Sandusky and Seneca counties, in a region called the Black Swamp. Here he continued the work of bis ministry, till declining years and failin…
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Raikes, Richard, uncle of Henry, was a clergy- man of the Church of England, and flourished near the middle of the 18th century. He was educated at St. John's College, Cambridge, and held a fellowship from that university. After taking holy orders, he was made prebendary of St. David's. He was a man of exact learning a…
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RAIKES 884 IL\DIOXDI tion and superintendence of the Sunday-schools in that city, yet, for the energetic developmenl of the principle, for the carrying-out into practical details and bringing it in the most advantageous form before the country bo ns to render ii a prolific source of public benefit, to Rob- ert Raike…
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Raiment. See Clothing; Dress; Garment. Raimondi, Giovanni Battista, a eel, brand Italian Orientalist, was born at Cremona in loin, re- moved in his youth to Nap], ~. w hi ie he sludh d at the university theology, philosophy, and mathematics, and then spent some lime in Asia stud} ing Eastern civiliza- tion and languag…
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along the coast and in the low plains. Thin ice occa- sionally covers the pools for a few days, and while Por- ter was writing his Handbook; the snow was eight inches deep at Damascus, and the ice a quarter of an inch t hick. Rain continues to fall more or less during the month of March; it is very rare in April, and e…
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It ma\ be added that travellers have, perhaps uncon- sciously, exaggerated the barrenness of the land, from confining themselves too closely to the southern portion of Palestine; the northern portion, Galilee, of such pe- culiar interest to the readers oi the GOSpels, is fertile and beautiful (see Mauley. Sinai and Pa…
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RAINBOW 887 RAINES failing witness to the truth of God. Was the rainbow, then, we ask, never seen before the flood? Was this "sign in the heavens" beheld for the first time by the eight dwellers in the ark when, after their long impris- onment, they stood again upon the green earth, and saw the dark, humid clouds sp…
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Raine, James, an English divine, was born at Lovington in 1791, and, after receiving full educational advantages at the University of Cambridge, took holy orders, and finally became rector of Meldon, and libra- rian to the dean and chapter of Durham. He died in 1858. Dr. Raine devoted himself largely to antiqua- rian s…
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Rainolds died in 1607. Bishop Hall speaks of Rainolds as being near to a miracle in his prodigious treasury of knowledge; John Milton refers to him .always as "our famous l>r. Raynolds;" and Wood, in his Athena Oxon. ■ ills him ••the very treasury of erudition." llallam. in his Constitutional Hist, of England, calls h…
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Ra'kern (1 Chron. vii, 16). See Rekem. Rak'kath (Heb. Rakkath', V.^, shore; Sept. 'PctKK&S v. r. AaiciS), a fortified city in the tribe of Naphtali, mentioned only in Josh, xix, 35, where it is grouped between Hammath and Chinnereth. We may hence infer that it lay on the western shore of the lake of Galilee, not far d…
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RALE 890 RALEIGH Remus, took much trouble to get the book of rabbi Levi, ;i> he calls him (utinam <ij»«l Rabbinos inveniri posses tractatum /.'. Levi qumtum defensionum Dei). The same was done bj Pico de Mirandola and the great Reucblin, who quotes largely from Gersonides. Though bis authorship with philosophical a…
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actions which ended in the defeat and dispersion of the great Armada, and was thanked and rewarded tor his services. His private marriage with Elizabeth Throck- morton, one of i lie queen's maids of honor, incurred her Majesty's severe di-ph a-ure. and he was banished from court. He u"\\ recurred to those schemes ol…
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Ralston, Samuel, D.D., a Presbyterian minister, was born in the county of Donegal, Ireland, in 1756; studied at the University of Glasgow; and, after en- tering the ministry, emigrated to this country in the spring of 1794. After itinerating about two years in Eastern Pennsylvania, he went West, and in 1796 be- came pa…
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In attacking the walls of a tort or city, the first step appears to have been to form an inclined plane or hank of earth (comp. Ezek. iv, 2 — "cast a mount against it"). by which the besiegers could bring their battering-rams and other engines to the foot of the walls. "The bat- tering-rams," says Mr. Layard, " were of…
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why was the voice of lamentation heard in Ramah, nearly ten miles distant? The answer is now easy. So deep was the impression made by the cruel mas- sacre, that the cry of distress went through the whole RAMA 893 RAMAH land of Benjamin, reaching to the capital of the tribe. — Kitto. Rama is, in Hindu mythology, th…
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This has everything in its favor, since Atara is still found on the left hand of the north road, very nearly midway between er-Ram and Beitin. Its position is clearly indicated in the distressing narrative of the Levite recorded in Judges xix. He left Bethlehem for his home in Mount Ephraim in the afternoon. Passing Je…
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2. Ramah of Asheb (Sept 'Papa; Vulg. ZTorwia), a town mentioned only in Josh. xix. 29, in the descrip- tion of the boundaries of Asher. It would appear to have been situated near the sea-coast, and not far from Tyre, towards the north or north-east. Eusebius and Jerome mention this place, but in such a way as shows ti…
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to] imands a fine view of the mediterranean through a gap in the mountains towards the north-west. Ibis Ramah the .lews call the •• House of Abraham." where. they say. Abraham lived when he dwelt at Mamre. lint the ''plain of Mamre," with the great Sindian, or evergreen oak in the middle of it (if not the same, the of…
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Ra'math-miz'peh (Heb. Ramath' ham-Mits- peh', f!31J"2n t"2^, high -place of the watch-tower; Sept. 'Apafiio? Kara rryv ~Maaar\(pu, v.r.'Pa/iioS Kara T))v Maa<f>d ; Vulg. Ramath Masphe). In defining the boundaries of the tribe of Gad, Joshua states that Moses gave them inheritance . . . : "from Heshbon unto Ramath-mizp…
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The position of Ramathaim-zophim is regarded by many scholars as one of the puzzles of Biblical geogra- phy. \- the city is one of greal interest, it may be well to give the principal theories as to its site, and then to state the data on which alone the site can be determined. (1.) Eusebius and Jerome locate it near …
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thought by some to be found; and near Neby Samwll is licit Hantnah, supposed to be Naioth. the College of Prophi i . or "the House of Instruction" ><\' the Jewish Targum, which was connected with Kamah of Samuel 1 1 Sam. xix. is ■_' l ). See Naioth. Vet there are very formidable objections to its identification with Ra…
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(6.) Ramah would appear to have been at some con- siderable distance from the residence of Saul at Gibe- ah. Such, at least, is the conclusion one would naturally draw from the following passages: 1 Sam. xv, 34, 35; xix, 18-23. But in neither of these passages is it clear- ly asserted nor certainly implied. In another …
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i hi i he h hole, Ramathaim-zophim is as likely to have been the Ramah of Benjamin .as any other. Ra'mathem (PapaSeu v. r. 'PaSaueiv; Jose- phus, 'PauaSa [ Ant. xiii. 4, !> ] ; Vulg. Ramathan i, one of the three "governments" (vouoi and roirapxiai) which wire added to Judaea by king Demetrius Nica- tor out of the coun…
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al Halle, he was appointed on .Ma\ 2, 1802, deacon "\ St. Peter's al Hamburg. On Dec. 20, 1818, he suc- ceeded his lather as pastor of St. Michael's. In the year 1827 the Marburg University honored him with the degree of doctor of divinity, and in 1834 he was made senior of the ministry al Hamburg. In 1846 bodily infi…
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The tirst mention of Rameses is in the narrative of the settling by Joseph of his father and brethren in Egypt, where it is related that a possession was given them "in the land of Rameses" (Gen. xlvii, 11). This land of Ilamcses (Cp~2"^ "^X) either corresponds to the land of Goshen, or was a district of it, more proba…
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( up. BosenmUller, Altertk. iii. 261; Ewald, ii. 53) Winer. The location of Barneses is doubtless indicated by the present '/'.// l:<im<i.<. a quadrangular mound near Belbeis. See Bi d Sf v. Passage oi . \" n mm,, in for determining under what dynasty thi l ode happened has been founded on the name Barneses, which ha…
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tensive favor and acceptance in various countries of Eu- rope. He defined logic to be " ars bene disserendi," and like Cicero considered rhetoric an essential branch of it. It was introduced by Melancthon into Germany; it had supporters also in Italy; and even in France itself, where the logic of the Stagyrite was held…
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Rammok. See Dromedary. Ramoth. See Coral. Ra'moth (Heb. Ramoth', tivcft [but MiaS^ in Deut. iv, 43; Josh, xx, 8; 1 Chron. vi, 73, 80], heights, KAMOTH-GILEAD 902 RAMOTH-GILEAD plur. ofRamah [q. v.]: Sept. usually 'Papu&, but 'Pij- ,/!.,.- 111 Ezra \. 29, 'Pafifiu>B in 2 Chron. xviii, 2. '■'•. ■">. etc.), the name…
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• :^m*®m^ -Salt (Ramoth-gilead. From a photograph by the Edi RAMOTH-NEGEB 903 RAMSAUEIi Palcest. p. 213) ; (c) by the fact that about two miles to the north-west of es-Salt is the highest peak of the mountain -range still bearing the name Jebel Jilad, "Mount Gilead;" and (d) by the statement ofEusebius that Ramoth…
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Ram's Horn (VOV1, yobel', Josh, yi, 4, 13 ; else- where "jubilee," " trumpet"). The Hebrew word ken 11, i. e. horn, is also used for the crooked trumpet, a very ancient instrument. Sometimes it was made of the horns of oxen, and sometimes ram's horns were employed. It is probable that in later times they were made of m…
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Ramus, Petbds, also known by his original name I'n in ,u lii Ramie, was the French philosopher of the 16th century who broke the fetters of barbarous scholas- tic thought ami led men into the clear light of Platon- ic philosophy. He is usually called one of tin found- ers ot modern metaphysics, and this is certainly tr…
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Ranee, Armand Jean le Bouthillier de, the well-known founder of the reformed order of La Trappe, was born Jan. 9, 1626, at Paris, where he was educated. Having taken his degree in the Sorbonne with great applause, and embraced the 'ecclesiastical profession, he soon became distinguished as a preacher, and through the f…
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Randall, John, an English divine of note, was born about the middle of the 16th century. He was educated at Oxford University, in St. Mary's Hall, and Trinity College, and, after taking holy orders, became rector of St. Andrew Hubbard, London/in 1599. He died in 1622. His published works are: Sermons on Matt, v, 20, an…
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Corpus Cbri-t i College, and later was given a professor- ship in theology | 1768). He died at I ixford .March •_>}. 1783. Dr. Thomas Randolph published a work on the Prophecies cited in tht New Testament compared with the Hebrew Original and th Septuagint Version, which is ex- ceedingly valuable and scarce. •• I: pres…
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Raiiieri, St., an Italian ascetic of mediaeval times, was born, in or about the year 1100, of a noble family of Pisa. In his youth, the Romish legends say, he had a vision : an eagle appeared to him, bearing in his beak a blazing light, and said, " I come from Jerusalem to enlighten the nations." But Ranieri refused to…
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Ranken, David, a Scotch divine, was a member of the Episcopal Church of Scotland at Edinburgh in the first half of the 18th century, and was an author of some repute. He published, Thret Discourses, 1 Pet. iii, 13. 14 (Edin. 1716, 8vo) :— Three Discourses, 1 Pet. iii. 1 1. 16 (1716, 8vo):— Serm., 1 Pet. iii, 13-16 (171…
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Ransom > 'jT'lD, pidyon', Exod. xxi,30; " rt demp- tion," Psa. xlix, 8; or D'P'IQ, pidyom', "redemption," Numb. iii. 19,51 ; elsewhere ~tz, Icopher, forgiveness, or bxj, to act the part of Go ! [q. v. ; N. T. Xirpov, or av- riXvrpov), a price paid to recover a person or tiling from one who detains that per- r thing in…
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Raoul de St. Trond, a Belgian monastic, was born at Moutier-sur-Sambre, in the diocese of Liege, studied at Liege, and then entered the Benedictine or- der at Aix-la-Chapelle. He was there made sacristan, master of a school, and grand provost. He was a very devout man ; and, dissatisfied with the lax condition of the m…
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Ra'phael ('P«^«//\=bX£"\ "the divine healer"), "one of the seven holy angels which ... go in and out before the glory of the Holy One" (Tob. xii, 15). Ac- cording to another Jewish tradition, Raphael was one of the ./bar angels that stood round the throne of God — Michael, Uriel, Gabriel, Raphael. His place is said to …
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be identified, and, illustrious as were many of his pupils, his own death marks the lading hour o," the Roman school. ( If all the Roman painter-, it was Raphael alone who made his works not less the expression and measure of all the knowledge, philosophy, ami poetry id' his time than witnesses to hi- genius and vouche…
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Raphel, Georg, a German Lutheran divine of some note, was born in 1673, and was last superintend- ent of Li'ineburg. He died in 1740. He was one of the best commentators of that class of exegetists who have attempted to illustrate the Bible from classic au- thors. His Annotaiiones in Sacrum Scripturain con- tains histo…
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RAPPISTS 912 RAPPISTS approach of (be millennial reign alone distinguished the Rapputs from other Christians; but in thai year an un- usual religious awakening Led them to determine upon a still closer life with God, and, having become per- suaded that it was the duty of the followers of Jesus to conform in all thin…
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"Article 1. We, the undersigned, for ourselves, onr heirs, executors, and administrators, do hereby give, grant, and forever convey to the said George Rapp ami his associate-, and to their heirs and assigns, all our prop- erly, l eal. personal, and mixed, whether it he lands and tenements, goods and chattels, money or…
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On the death of "Father" Rapp, Aug. 7. 1847, the articles were re-signed by the whole society, and two trustees and seven elders were put in office to perform all the duties and assume all the authority which their founder had relinquished with his life. Under this simple constitution the Harmon}' Society has flourish…
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— Nordhoff, Communistic Societies, p. 81-86. (J. H. W.) Raratongan Version. Raratonga, the largest and most important of the Harvey Islands, between '500 and 600 miles west of Tahiti, and discovered by the Rev. John Williams, of the London Missionary Society, in 1823, is inhabited by about 3500 inhabitants. The lan- g…
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Rashbaz (y z - i), the initials of Rabbi Simon ben-Zemai h Duron, who belonged to a family which, originally of Provence, was then settled in Spain, and ul- timately emigrated to Algien. In the persecution that took place in 1391, Simon Duran. with a number of his coreligionists, emigrated to Algien, win-re. from his p…
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Zur Geschichte n. Literatur (ibid. 1845), p. 62, etc. ; id. Literaturgesch. zur synagogalen Poesie (ibid. 1865), p. 252 sq.; Synagogale Poesie (ibid. 1855), p. 181-183; Ki.nchi, Liber Radicum, p. xliii sq. (Berol. 1847, ed. Biesenthal and Lebrecht) ; Griitz, Gesch. d. Juden (Leips. 1871), vi, 70 sq.; Braunschweiger, Ge…
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The Raskolniks are divided into two great brandies, the Popovschins and the Jii '.jinpursrliiiis, the former having priests, and the latter none. These again are subdivided into a great number of sects, all of which, however, are included under the general name of Ras- kolniks. The Popovschins are split into several pa…
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Ras'ses, Children <>t (viol 'Paweic; Vuig.JiKi Tharsis), one of the nations whose country was rav- aged by Holofernes in bis approach to Judaea (Judith ii, 23 only ). They are named next to hud i I.\ dia . and apparently south thereof. The old Latin version reads Thiras <t Rasis, with which the Peshito wa- probably in …
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Rat. See Mole. Ratcliffe, William P., a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, was born in Williamsburg, Va., Feb. 18, 1810. He was admitted to the ministry in the fall of 1834. and was transferred to the Arkansas Conference at its first session, 1830. He labored faith- fully for more than thirty years, no…
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0/ his youth -e more. In 952 Otho I he Great call- ed him into the vicinity of his brother Bruno; and when he was elevated to the archbishopric of Cologne, Ratherius was made bishop of Liege. He proved, how- ever, very soon that the disappointments of life had tpld too -really upon his whole character to fit him any lo…
950 wordsSource & rights
Public-domain 19th-century biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical reference work; OCR text from Internet Archive. Historical scholarship and terminology reflect its era; OCR may contain errors. Verify quotations and current scholarly claims independently.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.