PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
McClintock & Strong Cyclopaedia — Volume 8
John McClintock & James Strong · 1,493,014 words · 1487 reading sections
Section 1381
REFORMED (DUTCH) CHURCH 1007 REFORMED (DUTCH) CHURCH 10. The Church-building Fund is held in trust and dispensed by the Board of Domestic Missions at its dis- cretion. Aid is given from it only to churches which shall have no debt after receiving assistance from this fund. A first bond and mortgage is taken from such …
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2. Historical and Biographical. — Brodhead, History of New York (2 vols.) ; Colonial History of New York (3 vols.); Documentary History of New York (4 vols.); David D. Demarest, D.D., Professor of Church Govern- ment and Pastoral Theology, History and Characteris- tics of the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church (1 vol. 12…
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them by announcing his deieminati >f withdrawing from the Protestanl Episcopal Church, when urged U> reconsider his decision, be promptly stated that this was i aide ground — that it was a question between himself and God, and as such he had Fettled it, and that mination was unalterable. He then said that Ids obj…
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In justification of ibis action, writ! rs in th( of the Reformed Episcopal church poinl to the actual state of the Evangelical bcI 1 or party in the Protes- tanl Episcopal communion. The errors and i Masses oi the Tractarian school had been in process of devel- opment for a period of nearly forty years. Often and thor…
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II. Doctrines and Usages. — 1. Speaking generally, the doctrines of the Reformed Episcopal Church may be identified as those of Orthodox and Evangelical Protestantism. The men who organized the Church were of that class of clergymen and laymen in the old Protestant Episcopal Church who had been largely associated with …
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rule in the Church. The application of a system of government, whether strong or weak, to ac- tual life in a Church is not easy: f..r there is a constant arbitrary severity or to the entire relaxation of discipline ing to the temper - - . times and tin influences that prevail. But it is believed : I this system of g…
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:'.:_-:::■ :' _s. .'..-.■ - _- : zr z\s~ zi~i : Z zzi '• - - -z : : :~. izz l-.i ~e z.:-z '_" ^:: .-■- :r . - ■ - . Z "-: ■ : :- - ■ --- - - .-. zz z - :_ :e ~ > . - another scheme, woald have been formidable. Z are evangelism - Ze infancy of the Ct _ - they can be spared from parochial charges, and th as the Gene…
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bishops, sixiy-oii. presbyters, and twenty deacons. Al- ready i he list bas swollen to more than one hundred, and i- increasing as rapidlj as places and means of support can be provided lor those receiver 1 or ordained; while the number of applicants tor orders and for admission from the ministry in other churches, aga…
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Reformed Methodist Church, an American offspring of the Methodist Episcopal Church, had its origin in 1814, and was started by a bod}- of local preach- ers and exhorters, the most prominent and influential of whom was the Rev. Elijah Bailey, an ordained local preacher in the Vermont Conference. They had be- come dissa…
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2. They give great prominence to the universal do- minion of the Lord Jesus Christ. They hold that as king in his Church, he has settled all her institutions and ordinances. Other denominations admit this in the general, while many claim the right of modifying, altering, instituting, or abolishing religious observances…
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people of Israel t ip judges and officers, but in the New Test he recognises such officers as hi- ministers, and their power as his ordinance, lb- claims obedi- ence to them as bis representatives, and that 1 r shall be given to tl for his sake, while he tells all nations that there is no authority unles.s ii he of…
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Reformers. See Camfbellites. Reformers, Wesleyan. See United Free Church ; Methodists. Refrigerium. Refreshment is one of the elements of happiness which the Church implores for her dead: "locum refrigerii," says the Memento of the Dead of the mass canon," ut indulgeas deprecamur." These words are found in the oldest…
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1 {KG ALE 1010 REGENERATION Dutch, and other Foreign Protestant Refugees settled in EnyhtiuU Loud. 1 *lii i; Smiles. /'//< Jlii;iuenuts,thtir Stt- tl< in, nts, Indusli I and, In land, and Am, r- iea (X. V. 1868). — Chambers's Encyclop. s. v. Regale, the Dame given to the privilege by which the kin«r of France cl…
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Regeneratio, a term applied to baptism because when any one becomes a Christian he enters upon a real and new spiritual life. See BAPTISM. Regeneration (iraXiyyevsaia, Tit. iii, 5, a bt ing born again), that work of the Holy Spirit by which we experience a Change of heart. It is expressed in Script- ure by being born…
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Nicodemus sought a private interview with Jesus, evidently for the sincere purpose of information as to the Great Teacher's doctrine. Waiving all compli- mentary prefaces, Jesus at once propounds the one es- sential condition of discipleship — namely, the new birth. Nicodemus finds two difficulties in this — first, in …
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Regina Cceli | Lai. for Queen of heaven), an appel- lation often given by the ancient Romans to Juno. Region-round-about, tin-: (// jrepi'xwpoc). This term had perhaps originally a more precise and inde- pendent meaning than it appears to a reader of the A. V. to possess. It is used by the Sept. as the equivalent of t…
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their Rocks. In 1672 the king gave >ir Arthur lollies £600 t.. be divided among them. William III issued an order. June 19, 1690, authorizing the payment of L\-^») t,, Patrick Adair and six other clergymen. In the following year this bounty was removed from the customs, ami made payable out of the Irish exchequer. RE…
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In appearance, Regius was a man of medium height and spare and delicate figure, easy and yet resolute in his bearing, and characterized by an air of intelligence and moral earnestness. His writings breathe the same Christian spiritwhich belonged to his personality. They number ninety-seven different works, which were p…
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Rehabi'ah (Heb. Rechabyah', ■"!""-. enlarg< db y Jehovah : also, in the prolonged form. Rechabya'hu, ili-p^ni, 1 Cliron. xxiv. 21 : xxvi.25; Sept. 'Paafiia or it . \. r. 'Pa ">'oi or 'Pa/3«'ac), the only b t Eli- ezer, son of Moses; himself the father of many sons (1 Chron. xxiii. 17). of whom the eldest was Isshia…
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Rehobo'am (Heb. Rechdbdm, C^'^rn, erilarger of the people [see Exod. xxxiv, 24, and comp. the name EvpiSiipoe,'] ; Sept. 'Poj3odfi ; Josephus, 'Pofioapoc, Ant. viii, 8, 1), the only son of Solomon, by the Ammonit- ish princess Naamah (1 Kings xiv, 21, 31), and his suc- cessor (xi, 43). Rehoboam's mother is distinguishe…
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"What portion have we in David? What inheritance in Jesse's son? To your tents, O Israel ? Now see to thy own house, O David !" Rehoboam sent Adoram or Adoniram, who had been chief receiver of the tribute during the reigns of his father and his grandfather (1 Kings iv, 6; 2 Sam. xx, 24), to reduce the rebels to reason…
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\\\ •U\. £*— l~. Hieroglyph of the above. (The final character, read kah, denotes a region or country.) nak, where among a long list of captured towns and provinces occurs the name Judah Malkah (kingdom of Judah). li is said that the features of the captives in these sculptures are unmistakably Jewish | Rawlinson, …
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2. Rehoboth the City (Heb. Rechoboth' 'I?; rOTTl T'S, i. e. Rehoboth City ; Sept. 'Pow/SwS' izo\iq v. r. 'Potujiwc; Yulg.platea; ciritatcs), one of the four cit- ies built by Asshur, or by Nimrod in Asshur, according as this difficult passage is translated. The four were Nineveh, Rehoboth-ir, Calah, and Resen, between …
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REICHEL The other locality is unquestionably authentic. Ches- I ney says,"On the right bank of the Euphrates, al the north-western extremity ol the plain of Shinar, and j i hree and a half miles south-wesl of the town of Maya- din, are extensive ruins around a castle still bearing the nameofKehoboth"(i, 119; ii, 222).…
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Reiche, Johann Georg, a German doctor and pro- fessor of theology, was born in the year 1794 at. Leese, in Hanover. Having completed his studies, he was appointed in 1*17 collaborator at the gymnasium in ('(He. and in 1819 he became Repeteni at Gottingen. In the year 1821 he travelled extensively, and after his return …
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VIII.— T T T a full literary, classical, and scientific curriculum was arranged in four divisions, and the school henceforth took the name of Philomathean Collegiate Institute. The change was made at the suggestion and by the aid of the Hon. Alexander H. Stephens, and the or- ganization accomplished all that its frien…
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Reimarus, Hermans Sami el, a learned German philologist, was born at Hamburg, Dec. 22, 1694, and Studied first under his lather and afterwards under Wolf and Fabricius. He next went to study at Jena, and later at Wittenberg. After having travelled over Hol- land and England, he was appointed rector at Weimar in 1723, a…
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Chronotaxis Cantici Canticorum Sahmonis, etc. (ibid, 1741): — Commentatio il< Assapho, etc. (ibid. 1742):— I'.rLliiriiinj nmi /.i rgli* ill rungd* ■< Buchi s Hiob, etc.(l leips, 1749 50). See Winer, lininlli. ill i- thirl. Literatur, i. ■_' 17. 353; ii. 727; Ftlrst, Bibl. Jud. iii. 117. 1 11. P.) Reins, a name for the…
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Reithmayr, Franz Xaver, doctor and professor of theology, a Roman Catholic divine of Germany, was born in 1809 at Illkofen, near Regensburg. In 1832 he was made priest; in 1836 the Munich University made him doctor of theology; in 1837 he was extraordinary professor; in 1841 ordinary professor of the New Test, exegesis…
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which had served as the burial-places of the primitive Christians, although the catacombs have both before and since heen used for other purposes, numerous relics have been taken. Even a- early as 386 Theodosius ed to pass a law- forbidding the people to dig up the bones of martyrs or traffic in their remains. The su…
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In all forms of religion there is one part, which may be called the doctrine or dogma, which is to be received by faith; and the cultus, or worship, which is the out- ward expression of the religious sentiment. By relig- ion is also meant that homage to the Deity in all the forms which pertain to the spiritual life, in…
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RELIGION 1030 RELIGION and Pbicol the genera], came to Isaac and renewed their covenant of peace at the same place where they bad made il with bis father. During the time of Jacob we find no friendly association with the Philistines. In Joshua's time their land was to In- given to Israel. Dur- ing the period of the …
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Perhaps to this connection belongs Balaam the sooth- sayer; from Aram, from the mountain- of the east, from the river of his people, from Pethor of Aram-naharaim. From some source he had obtained a profound knowl- edge of God and of his ways; yet so perverted was his heart that he endeavored to bring all that knowledge…
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zar, and Belshazzar. Whether in the Abrahamic line there was kept any physical type of the original cheru- bim until renewed by Moses is nowhere recorded. Yet there are some hints worthy of our serious considera- tion. («.) Rebekah went somewhere to inquire of the Lord and received a specific answer. May not this have …
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The sphinx of Babylon and Egypl ; the griffin of Assyria, Persia, Egypt, Greece, and Rome; the Serapis of Egypt, Greece, and Rome; the apes of Egypt; the Moloch of Moab and the Ammonites; the Baals of Syria, in all their variety; the ox of Bengal; the live buffalo of Calcutta; the triform LdolofChiun; and hun- dreds of…
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lint here, again, while the nations in separating from one another look, each one, some degree of respect for the Word revealed, or for some pan of it. it was rest r\ ed to one nation only to preserve it pure and entire. " To the .lews were com m i 1 1 ed I he oracles of God." I Mhi r nations retained a glimmering tra…
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Religiosi, a term applied, until the 10th century, to those who led a monastic life, to distinguish them from the clergy and laity. They were also called Ca- nonici and Regulares (q. v.). Religious, in a general sense, is something that re- lates to religion ; and, in reference to persons, that which indicates that th…
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RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES, associations for the pro- motion of personal piety established anion-- mem- ber- of the Church of England about 1678, and which existed until the rise of the Methodist They began with a few young men who had been impressed bj the preaching of Dr. Horneck, preacher at the Savoy, and of Mr. Smithies,…
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Rely, Jean de, a French preacher, was born about 1430. He was made doctor of theology at Arras, and became successively canon, chancellor, and archdeacon of Notre Dame at Paris, and rector of the university. In this capacity he drew up in 1461 the Remonstrances which the Parliament presented to Louis XI for the mainten…
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Remigius, or Remi (St.'), of Kheims, a very cel- ebrated French archbishop, was raised to the see of Kheims about 460. He distinguished himself by his learning and virtue, converted and baptized king Clovis, and died Jan. 13, 533. Some Letters and a Testament in the library of the fathers are attributed to him. See Hoe…
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Besides those divinities represented on the monu- ments of Egypt which have Egyptian forms or nanus. or both, others have foreign forms or names, or both. Of the latter, some appear to have been introduced at a very remote age. This is certainly the case with the principal divinity of Memphis, l'tah.the Egyptian Hephae…
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We can now endeavor to explain the passages in which Chiun and Remphan occur. The Masoretic text of Amos v, 26 reads thus: "But ye bare the tent [or " tabernacle"] of your king and Chiun your images, the Babylonian Cylinders, with figures of gods and stars. Kal to dorpov tov SeoTi vpwv 'Vcaipav, tovq tv—ovq avTwv ovg…
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It i- to he observed that the whole passage does not indicate thai distinct Egyptian idolatry was practiced bj th( Israelites. It is very remarkable that the only false gods mentioned as worshipped by them in the desert should he probably Moloch and Chiun and Rem- phan, of which the latter two were foreign divinities…
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5. English. — The Italian Renaissance style was in- troduced into England about the middle of the lGth century by John of Padua, the architect of Henry VIII. English buildings of this style are distinguished by ca- pricious treatment of forms, and generally exhibit a de- ficiency of that grace and dignity, both in deta…
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REXEE 1040 KEN NIGER of Forrara. and became the mother of live children; and in the literature and art bin- made the court ofFerrara a centre of culture which emulated that of Florence and the Medici. Her sym- pathies, directed no less by personal conviction than by the traditions "t' her family and her early educa…
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Renesse, Lri'wi.. Gerard van, a Patch ascetic author, was bom at Breda, May 11. 1599. As an evan- gelical minister he preached at Maerssen, in the province of Utrecht. In 1638 he was called to Breda, where he founded a college, of which he was the tir.-t director and of theology. The University of < txford con- ferred …
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Rensselaer, Van. See Tan Rensselaer. Renunciantes (renouncers), a name applied to monks, from their formal renunciation of the world and all secular employments. Many of them kept their es- tates in their own hands, but had no more use of them than if they had been transferred to others. Renunciation, a form which co…
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Repentance (-"!, utravoia) signifies a change of the mind from a rebellious and disaffected state to that submission ami thorough separation from iniquity by which converted sinners are distinguished (Matt, iii, 2 8). Repentance is sometimes used generally for a mere change of sentiment, and an earnest wishing that som…
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eleven times, and Alhamdo lilldhi \ praise to God] eleven times." Compare this puerility with the sub- lime instructions of our Saviour. Bul again: " Who- ever says Suhhan Allah and Bihamdihi a hundred times in a day. his faults shall be silenced, though they be as great as the waves of the sea. Whoever says, morning a…
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D^XB"! is rendered by the Greek versions very vari- ously (Sept. 'Pa<paeip, yiyavTiQ, y?iyevei(:, Stopaxoi, TiTciitc,, and iarpoi [Psa. lxxxvii, 10; Isa. xxvi, 14, where it is confused with D^XST ; comp. Gen. 1, 2], and sometimes vvcpoi, T&vrjicoTu; especially in the later versions). In the A. V. the words used for it …
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view is further strengthened by the notice inJosh. xviii, 16. When David was hiding from Saul in the cave of Adullam, wc are told that the Philistines, no doubt tak- ing advantage of intestine troubles, invaded the moun- tain fastnesses of Israel. A band of them pitched in the valley of Rephaim, and at the same time s…
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Repha'ims, so the Hebrew plural Rephaim up v.) is incorrectly pluralized again in English in the A. Y. ((Jen. xiv. 5; xv. 20). Reph'idim (Heb. Rephidim', C^TSi. supports, i. c., perhaps, resting-places; Sept. .and Josephus, 'Va<pi- rn. .1 station of the Israelites on their journey through the Arabian desert, to whic…
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would be about as far from Sinai as the mouth of Wady Hibran, which last is, after all, only twenty miles, fol- lowing the windings of the valleys. The great objec- tion to the access by way of the Debbet er-Ramleh is that although this (as the name signifies) is in the main a sandy plain, yet there are not wanting spr…
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Reprobation is equivalent to rejection; and by it is usually understood the Calvinistic doctrine, that a portion of mankind, by the eternal counsel or decree of God, has been predestined to eternal death. Condition- al reprobation, or rejecting men from the divine mercy, because of their impenitence or refusal of salva…
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Reptile, a word not used in the A. V., which des- ignates this class of animals by the term "creeping thing" (q.V.), but covers thereby a much wider range of creatures. The following are the true reptilio. men- tioned in Scripture. They almost exclusively consist of various unknown species of serpents and lizards. ( )f…
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Resentment, generally used in an ill sense, im- plying a determination to return an injury. Dr. John- son observes that resentment is a union of sorrow with malignity; a combination of a passion which all en- deavor to avoid with a passion which all concur to de- test. The man who retires to meditate mischief and to ex…
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Re'sheph (Heb. id. t'C"^. flam . as often; Sept. 'Pat7i<p v. r. 1.apa<p), one of the descendants of Ephra- ini. a -son" of Beriah (q. v.) (1 Chron. vii, 25). B.C. post 1658. Residence. In the early Church then' were laws regulating the residence of the clergy, and their design was to hind them to constant attendance u…
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Resolutioners, or Resolutionists, were those who approved of the answer given by the commission- ers of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland (which met at Perth in the time of Charles II) to the question proposed to them by the Parliament, viz. what persons were to be admitted to rise in arms against Cromwell…
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Responses. Short sentences, so called from their being the answers of the people to the officiating min- ister. The design of responses is. by giving to the peo- ple a part in the service, to quicken this devotion and engage their attention. It is much to be regretted that congregations do not in general join in the pa…
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Restitution, a term applied in the A. Y. in two very different senses. l. /'nin! (C?'J, to repay, Exod. xx, 1 II. etc.: else- where "requite," etc.; but iu Job x\. L8, ~~"":r. change, as elsewhere rendered), that act of justice by w bich we restore to our neighbor whatever we have un- justly deprived him of; a point i…
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Public-domain 19th-century biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical reference work; OCR text from Internet Archive. Historical scholarship and terminology reflect its era; OCR may contain errors. Verify quotations and current scholarly claims independently.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.