PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
McClintock & Strong Cyclopaedia — Volume 8
John McClintock & James Strong · 1,493,014 words · 1487 reading sections
Section 241
other, composed by him, 1>, aclu matrimoniali, which contains singular opinions, is preserved in manuscript at Leipsic- Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generate, si, 35. Piazza, Girolamo Bartolomeo, an Italian Do- minican friar, flourished in the first half of the 18th century. He was highly esteemed by his coreligion- ists, and …
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Pi-be'seth (Ileb. id. nM-iQ; Sept. Bovf3aaroQ ; Vulg. Bubastus), a town of Lower Egypt, mentioned but once in the Bible (Ezek. xxx, 17). In hieroglyphics its name is written Bahest, Bast, and Ila-Bahest, followed by the determinative sign for an Egyptian city, which was probably not pronounced. The Coptic forms are Bas…
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PIC 182 PICART Ba-ta. which undoubtedly represents Bubastis.is in N. lat,30 36', E. long. 31° 33'. Kitto. See Wilkinson, '/- / > Egypt, i, 300, 427 129; Ritter, Erdkunde, i, 825 ; Rosellini, Monum. Storichi, ii. 76 sq.; Mannert, Geoff. x, i, 588sq. ; Malus, inthe Descr.di rEgypte,iii,307. Pic, Jbas, a young French …
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the consecrated elements in the eucharist as downright idol worshippers. According to this author, the Pi- cards are Vaudois, who tied from persecution in their own country and sought refuge in Bohemia. I bre held the same opinion, on the -round that the Vaudois were settled in Bohemia in tin- year 1178, where some of…
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Picchianti, Giovanni Do.uexico, an Italian de- signer and engraver, was born at Florence about 1670. He was instructed in the rudiments of drawing by Giovanni Battista Foggini, and afterwards learned en- graving. Picchianti, with Lorenzini, Mogalli, and other artists, was employed in engraving a set of plates from pict…
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Picenardi, Carlo (1) (called The Elder), an Italian painter, who, according to Zaist, flourished at Cremona about 1600. He was of a patrician family, and a fa- vorite pupil of Lodovico Caracci. He executed some works for the churches of his native city, and painted some burlesque histories which gained him considerable…
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treatise Dt Fllommt of Helvetius. Abbe Picl also published the Principes dt la Religion it dt la Morale of Saurin (Amsterdam, 1768, 2 vol-. l2mo), the same w..rk as i lu- Esprit de Saurin of J. F. Duranel: La Franct agricolt it marchand* of Goyen (Paris. 1768, 8vo): ami/.' Sacrt et It Couronnement di Louis XVI of Gobe…
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Pickering, Robert, a noted Wesleyan preacher, was born at Sancton. Yorkshire, in 1786; was early con- verted to God, and called to the duties of the Christian ministry. Having for some time labored as a local preacher in the Hull Circuit, he offered to accompany Dr. Coke as a missionary to the East. But. as Coke had o…
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polemical than the Memoir es of father d'Avrigny. of which it is a kind of continuation: but the historical part of it is weak, and the bibliography i- incompli te : Essai historique surVInfiuena d< la Religion ■ pendant A dix-sq ibid. 1824,2 vols. 8vo). lie is the chiel contributor to the collection of the .'/. - lan…
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Pictet, Benedict, a learned Swiss divine, was born at Geneva in 1655. He studied there under Francis Turretin, whom he succeeded as professor of theology in 1687, and obtained great celebrity. In 1690 he was made rector of the academy; in 1700 pastor of the Ital- ian Church. He died in 1724. Pictet joined to vast erudi…
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likeness of the mother of God, holding her son and a book, is illustrious for miracles more and mote everj day.' In St. Peter's, however, is a very important one. not only lor the miracle, but for its authentication. It is in the subterranean chapel, usually called the Grotto. It is a picture of the Virgin w ith a mar…
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( hie of the exceptional cases ill which a word cor- responding to "pieces" is found in the Hebrew is in the Psalms, where presents of submission are | | to be made of "pieces of silver." rr"":i~ (Ixviii, 30, Heb. 31). The word "".which occurs nowhere else. [f it preserve its radical meaning, from '\"4*- must signify…
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man of much more than ordinary ability. His intellect, in force and habit, is best described by the expression "long-headed." He was a devout man, at times a most powerful preacher. His sermons, weighty with thought, fervid with feeling, and in power of the Holy Spirit, made a deep and abiding impression. He died in mu…
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Pieri, Stei \n<>. a Florentine painter, born in 1513, and a pupil of Battista Naldini. He passed much of Ids life at R e, where he was patronized by cardinal Ales- sandro Medici, bj h hom he was employed in the church of S. Prassede, where he painted the Annunciation and some pictures of the apostles, lie executed o…
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of that day." See Sprague, Annals of tin .1 vu ririni Pulpit, i. -Jli'i. -JOti ; Bacon, Historical Discourses, p. 171 sip; id. Genesis of th, Ni w England I 'hurch .-: (.1. H. W. » Pierpont, John, an eminent American Unitarian divine, noted especially for his part in temperance and antislavery movements, wa- bom in …
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PiStas, a virtue which denotes veneration for the Deity, and love and tenderness to our friends, and es- pecially dutifulness to parents. It received divine hon- ors among the Romans, and was made one of their gods. Acilius Glabrio first erected a temple to this new divin- ity, on the spot where a woman had fed with he…
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literature that of Leibnitz; while in France it was the age of military glory and social brilliancy of Racine and Moliere, of Fe'nclon and Bossuet, of Bayle and Vol- taire. German men and women therefore found their own life mean and tiresome, and were carried away by admiration of their splendid neighbor, till it beca…
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The person who began this religious movement was John Arndt (1555-1621), who wrote The True Chris- tian, a work as useful religiously as Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress or Doddridge's Religion in the Soul. Spener followed (1635-1705). The private religious meetings which he established about 1675, Collegia Pietatis, were t…
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At the head of this movement stood, in Germany, the learned and pious Spener, whose sentiments were adopted by the professors of the new Academy of Halle; and particularly by Francke and Paulus Anto- nius, who had been invited thither from Leipsic, where they began to be suspected of pietism. Though few pretended to tr…
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concerned, without g I works. The second step which thej took iu order to give efficacj to their plans of ref- ormation was to form new rules of lite and manners, much more rigorous and austere than those that had formerly been practiced; and to place in the class of sinful and unlawful gratifications Beveral kinds o…
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The inference has frequently been drawn that the two tendencies — the dogmatic and the pietistic — which marked the religious life of Germany at the opening of the 18th century, ministered indirectly to the production of scepticism; the dogmatic strictness stimulating a reaction towards latitude of opinion, and the unc…
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PIETOSI 19G PIGENAT A brief account of pietism is given in Base's Church Hist, g 109; and for a fuller account, see Schrockb, Kir- chengesch. si it dt r Ref. \ iii, 255 291 : Pusey, On G* rman Theology, pt. i I p. 67 113); pt. ii, ch. \ ; Amand Saintcs. Crit. Hist, of Rationalism, ch. vii. SpenePs character and life…
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Piga, Mi ii in s, an Eastern prelate, flourished in the second half of the L6th century. He was in 1591 exarch of the Church of ( 'niistaut inople. and shortly af- ter that time was chosen to till the (hair of St. Mark's. As patriarch of Alexandria. Piga distinguished himself by great devotion to ecclesiastical studies…
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tial, iii, 59, 19 ; and quotations from the Oriental poets in Jones, I'oes. Asiat. p. 346 sq. ; Gesen. Comment, on Isa. i, 992). To the white and glimmering plumage refer- ence is made in Psa. lxviii, 14 ; on which we remark that, according to Hasselquist {Travels, p. 553), the pigeons of Palestine have usually whitish…
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situated sixty Leagues from the continent. He stayed there nunc months, during which time he wrote, in com- pany with a Cochin-Chinese priest, instructions for the religious worship, and corrected several works translat- ed from the French. In December, 1784, he joined again the king of Cochin-China, and soon after wi …
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This must he lixed hy the more definite notice - of the narrative, which appear to us to point to the opening of the plain el-Radeah, between Jebel Atakah and Jebel Abu-Deraj. See Exoui : Ri d m \. Crossing of. Pik, al ailed -Ii 3AIAH Bl RI ix. a somen hat noted Jewish rabbi, flourished at Brealau, in Silesia, v. he…
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II. His Office. — Pilate Mas the sixth Roman procura- tor of Judaea (Matt, xxvii, 2; Mark xv, 1 ; Luke iii, 1 ; John xviii, xix). under whom our Lord taught, suffered, and died (Acts iii, 13 ; iv, 27 ; xiii, 28 ; 1 Tim. vi, 13). The testimony of Tacitus on this point is no less clear than it is important; for it fixes …
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Coin of Judaea struck under Pontius Pilate. , ..- ("OfTlberloa Cesar"), with thi ' .. Il,, ■. . . r .1 ■ • l , > l...r.l'- . in ifixiOn. /.'./■:■■ l.iX.'a Ka.'oa- ,,">, with three ,-nrs i.f i-i.rii t,. Probably ayuarfranj.equivuliMit to two " mit. - ' On two other occasions Pilate nearly drove the. lews to insurrect…
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him i ver. 12), and in the refusal to alter the inscription on the cm— (ver. 22). In any case Pilate acce| ted as satisfactory Christ's assurance that his linffdom was not of this world, that is. not worldly in its nature ,,r ob- jects, and therefore not t,i be founded by tin- world's weapons, though he < Id not unde…
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The proceedings of Pilate in our Lord's trial supply many interesting illustrations of the accuracy of the evangelists, from the accordance of their narrative with the known customs of the time. Thus Pilate, being only a procurator, had no quaestor to conduct the trial, and therefore examined the prisoner himself. Agai…
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With him into the East 1'iso. the prefect of Sj ria. look his wife also along w'nh him at the same time (Tacit. Ami'il. ii. 54, 55). •• But," says Lardner i i. 162), "noth- ing can render tins (the practice in question) more ap- parent than a motion made in the Roman senate by Severus Csesina, in the fourth consulship…
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PILATE 203 PILATE feat the malice of the Jews and procure the liberation of Jesus. If now we wish to sum up the judgment of Pilate's character, we easily see that he was one of that large class of men who aspire to public offices, not from a pure and lofty desire of benefiting the public and advancing the good of t…
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According to another legend (Mors Pilati, in Tisch- endorf's Evang. Apoc. p. 432), Tiberius, hearing of the wonderful works of healing that had been wrought in Judaea, writes to Pilate, bidding him to send to Pome the man that had this divine power. Pilate has to confess that he has crucified him ; but the messenger me…
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PiLein Gernald tha,1867); Theol and J it. Journal, April. 1861. Hase, in his /.,/„„ Jesu, p. 203, 205 (third ed.), affords valuable literary references on this, as on so main other N.-'l. subjects. See also the t graphs referred to by Volbeding, Index Programmatum, p. 58, 59. See Jesds ( hrxst. Pilate's Staircase. …
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Pilgrim, Religious. See Pilgrimages. Pilgrim, a German prelate of mediaeval times, flour- ished from 970 to 991. He was first engaged in mission- ary work among the Hungarians. He held different ecclesiastical positions, and at last was made bishop of Passau. In 974 he drew up for pope Benedict VI a re- markable repor…
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In the Middle Ages pilgrimages were regarded as a mark of piety, but, as might have been expected, they gave rise to the most flagrant abuses. We find ac- PILGRIMAGES 206 riLGKIMAGES cordingly pope Boniface, in a letter to Cuthbert, arch- bishop of » Janterbury, in the 8tb century, desiring tliat women and nuns mig…
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tudi s ]iious peregrination. < hie day it is inn. nun devotees about Wotn /'mm d< la Garde; on another 20,000 at Cambrai, 10,000 at Notn Dam <!• Liesse, at La Salette, and Lourdes,bea\des greal days ami extraor- dinary occasions. The affluence is constant, -with a sprinkling of miraculous cures from the thaumaturgic s…
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Mohammedan Pilgrimages. — In Mohammedan coun- tries, pilgrimages are much in vogue. The pilgrimage to Mecca (q. v.) is not only expressly commanded in the Koran, but is regarded by the Arabian prophet as in- dispensable to all his followers. In his view, a believer neglecting this duty, if it were in his power to perfo…
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PILGRIMAGES 208 PILKIXGTOX pilgrimage to Mecca was interrupted for a quarter of a centurj bj the Carmathians, and in our own day il has been again interrupted by the Wahabis, and these in turn were defeated by Mohammed Ali, who revived the pilgrimage and attended with hia court. In the year 1873, 200,000 pilgrims vi…
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Pilgrims and Strangers. See Sioxitis. Pilkington, James, a noted Anglican prelate, who flourished in the great Reformation period of the 16th century, was horn of an ancient gentleman's fam- ily at Rivington, in Lancashire, in 1520. He was edu- cated at St John's College, Cambridge, and after gradu- ation took holy or…
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The stone Ezel (1 Sam. xx, 19) was probably a ter- minal stone or a waymark. See Ebenezkk. The " place" set up by Saul (1 Sam. xv, 12) is ex- plained by St. Jerome to be a trophy, V ulg.' fornicem triumphalem (Jerome, Qucest. Ilebr. in lib. i, Reg. iii, 1339). The word used is the same as that for Absa- lom's pillar, …
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Israelites, but it appears that they were permitted to erect cairns or piles of stone to preserve the recollection of -reat events, as Joshua did at Gilgal (q.v.), that it. might be a memorial of his miraculous passage over the .Ionian. See < Ibohi i I ii. ■I. Lastly, the fgurativi use of the term •■pillar," in refere…
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PILLAR 212 FILLMORE in the East, especially in traversing an unknown region (Curt. iii. 3, 9; v, -. 7: l mt the passages Bometimes quoted, Veget, 3fiL iii. 5; Frontin. Strateg. ii. 25, do nol re -t'.-r to this. Comp. esp. on the custom, Faber, Ar- ckaol. p. -11 sq.; Wolfenb. Fragm, p. 103 sq.; Bauer, Hebr. Mythol. i…
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6th century. In his childhood he mounted his pillar near Antioch, and is said to have occupied it sixty- eight years. The example of Simeon was afterwards followed, to a certain extent at bast, by many p. rsens in Syria .and Palestine, and pillar saints were found in the East even in the r.'tb century, when tin- 5 the…
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PILLSBURY luxuries of the females alluded to. See Ahmhole. In 1 Sam. xix, 13, 16, the Heb. word is ^^-2, kebir, some- thing braided or plaited, hence usually thought to be a quilt or mattress. See Bolster. What kind of pillows the Hebrews used we have no means of knowing, but the ancient Egyptians had pil- lows of wo…
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Pilsen, Francis, a Flemish painter and engraver who flourished al Ghent about the middle of the 18th century. He studied under Robert van Audenarde, Lit- tle is known of his painting; but there are a few prints by him, among « Inch are the following : I 'irgin and In- fant Jesus; i 'onversion of St. Bavon; a >'t. Franc…
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Pinchon, (ii hi \i mi . a French prelate of note, was born in the parish of St, Alban, near St. Brieuc, in I [8 1. lie took bolj orders in 1207, and was made canon ,,f Si. Brieuc; then "t St, Gatien de Tours; ami. in 1220, bishop of si. Brieuc. Pierre Mauclerc, duke of Brittany, made an attempt at that time to encroac…
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Pindar, John Hothersai.l, an English divine, was born in 1794. He graduated at Caius College, Cam- bridge, in 1816, and became principal of CodrinKton College, Barbadoes. He was afterwards canon residen- tiary and prebendary of Wells Cathedral, and principal of Wells Theological College, which latter office he re- sign…
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/»/,/ . t Galtkeorum nine. Christiani dicti sunt, ut tes- tatur Suidas." Pinedo died Nov. 13, H'>7 :•, and the noble marquis whom we have mentioned above warmlj ex- pressed in a letter to the Judseo - Spanish poet. De Barrios, his regret at the death of Pinedo, and more especially at his dying in the profession of Jud…
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within the holy circuit. If the former, he can find no place so fitting as the top of the D^iX, or porch of the Temple ; but if the latter, the royal porch or gallery (orod fiaatXtKi'i) is the part he would prefer. He adds that, above all other parts of the Temple, the porch thereof, and indeed the whole pronaos, might…
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Pi'non (Heb. Pinon', lb*1!?, prob. i. q. Punon; Sept •I'Hrcii': Vulg. Phinon), one of the ••duke-" of Edom; that is, head or founder of a tribe of that nation (Gen. xxxvi, 11: l Chron. i, 52). By Eusebiua and Jerome ( Onomast icon, (ii, !■,:,!■. and 1'enoni the scat of the tribe is said to ha\ e keen at Pillion, one o…
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high educational status among his coreligionists at Odessa, bul rather aa one ofthebesl Hebraists of our day. When in 1839 Abraham Firkowitch brought from the ( ,'rimea a mass ot curious and unknown manuscripts, and. among others, a codex of the later prophets, whiedi had. like several Pentateuch fragments, with Haphta…
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Pintelli, Baccio, a noted Italian architect, is sup- posed to have been a Florentine. He was very active in Home in the pontificate of SixtusIV (1471-14*4), for whom he built, in 1473, the Capella Sistina, which con- tains some of the greatest works of modern painting. It is a simple rectangular oblong, with a vaulted …
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Pinto, Isaac, a Portuguese moralist of Jewish de- scent, was born in 1715. He first settled at Bordeaux, then went to Holland. He was a learned man. but commenced to write only at the age of about fifty, when he gained some reputation by defending against Vol- taire his Jewish brethren, or at hast, among them, the Port…
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for S. Maria de' Fossi mow S. Anna), to be i ipleted in two years. This is the most finished of his works, and more full of feeling than any other. He next adorned the collegiate church ofSpello; but his works there are fast disappearing from the effects of dampness. PIXY 221 PIOMBO lie was next called to Siena by…
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Piombo, Fret Sebastiano del, an eminent Italian painter, noted in the history of sacred art, was born in 1485 at Venice, whence he was called also " Veneziano." His surname, according to Lanzi, was Luciano, though it does not appear that he was known by it in his own time, or that he ever marked his pictures with it. O…
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bri la] processions (Mishna, Baba metsia,\\, I), and ac- i the simpler religious services, when the young prophets, returning from the high-place, caught their inspiration from the harmony fl Sam. the pilgrims, on their way to the greal festivals of their ritual, beguiled the weariness of the march with psalms sung to …
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edge of them from Egypt. The single pipe is said to have been the invention of the Egyptians alone, who attribute it to Osiris (Jul. Poll. Onomast. iv, 10); and as the material of which it was made was the lotus-wood (Ovid, Fast, iv, 190, " horrendo lotos adunca sono"), there may be some foundation for the conjecture. …
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Piquet < ur Picqvtet i,Clai DE,a French monastic, at Dijon in the Becond half of the 16th cen- tury, tie joined the Franciscan Order, and became the this order at Chalons-sur-Sa6ne and at Rome- nay. !!'■ was also professor ot philosophy. He died alter 1621. lie left Commentaria suj t r evangelicam frairum Minorum regu…
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"About sunset numbers of persons arrived from differ- ent quarters, the greater proportion of whom were wom- en, bringing withlhem cocoanut-shells and oil, to be pre- sented as offerings. As darkness came on the shells were placed in niches in the wall of the court by which the wihiira is surrounded ; and by the aid of…
900 wordsSource & rights
Public-domain 19th-century biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical reference work; OCR text from Internet Archive. Historical scholarship and terminology reflect its era; OCR may contain errors. Verify quotations and current scholarly claims independently.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.