PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
McClintock & Strong Cyclopaedia — Volume 8
John McClintock & James Strong · 1,493,014 words · 1487 reading sections
Section 781
ly Kobe, Ephod, and or, rather, cords of twisted gold threads, which were fastened at one end to two other larger rin^s tixed in the upper corners of (lie pectoral, and by the other end going round the onyx stones on the shoulders, and re- turning and being tixed in the larger ring. The breast- plate was further kepi …
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applied to all the holy garments. The four pieces of the priestly attire were each and all of them required, none was to fail; nor was it permitted to wear more than was prescribed ; and the warning " that he die not" (ver. 35, 43) seems to bear upon an exact fulfilment of the divine command in this, no less than in ot…
1,243 wordsSECTION 783Section 783
The age al « hich the sous of Aaron might enter upon their duties was nol defined by the law, as that of the Levites was. Their office did not call for the same de- gree of physical strength; and if twenty-live in the ritual of the Tabernacle (Numb, viii, 24) and twenty in that of the Temple (1 Chron. xxiii, 27) was th…
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the children of Israel the statutes of the Lord (Lev. x, 11 : Dent, xxxiii. 10; 2 Chron. xv. 3; Ezek. xliv. 23, 24). The "priest's lips" (in the language of the last prophet looking back upon the ideal of the on to ■■ keep knowledge" i Mai. ii. 7k Through the whole history, with the exception of the periods of national…
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5. Maintenance. — Functions such as these were clear- ly incompatible with the common activities of men. At first the small number of the priests must have made the work almost unintermittent, and, even when the system of rotation had been adopted, the periodical absences from home could not fail to be disturbing and i…
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ofsupervisi ver those that "kept the charge of the sanctuary," intrusted to Eleazar (Numb, iii, 32), implies that some others were subject to it b< >id< ss Ithamar and his children, while these v erj keepers of the sanctuary are id. ntified in ver. 38 with the sous of Aaron w bo are encamped with Moses and Aaron on th…
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Prideaux {Connection, i, 129), following the Jewish tradition, affirms that only four of the courses returned from Babylon — Jedaiah, Immer, Pashur, and Ilarim (for which last, however, the Babylonian Talmud has Joiarib)— because these four only are enumerated in Ezra ii, 36-39 ; Neh. vii, 39-42. He accounts for the me…
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PRIEST 578 PRIEST 8), weeks (xxix, 27), distinction of the Hebrews by] their families (Exod. ii, 1 I, the office of elder during the bondage in Egypt (iii, 16), and a place of meeting with Jehovah (v, 22; comp. xxv. 22)— would favor the supposition that the Mosaic dispensation, as it is called, was but an authoritat…
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sons of Levi" (xxi, 5), and even the phrase "the Le- vites alone" ixviii. 6; comp. 1). are used to include all others who bad been priests before God took the sons of Aaron peculiarly to serve him in this office (Ife Syn- edr. ii, 8, p. 2, 3). Aaron is summoned at this junct- ure to go up with Mosi - unto the Lord on M…
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the development from it of any Egyptian or Brahminic caste-system (Ewald, Gesck. Is): ii, 185), standing to it in much the same relation as the monastic and mendi- cant orders stood, each in its turn, to the secular clergy of the Christian Church. Though Shiloh had become a deserted sanctuary, Nob (1 Sam. xxi, 1) was m…
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appointed work-. Was it intended thai they should be idle during this period? Were they actually idle? They had no territorial posses-ions to cultivate. The cities assigned to them and to the Levites gave but scanty pasturage to their docks. To what employment could they turn? 1. The more devout and thoughtful found, p…
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Occupied in the eyes of the people, not less than the devotion with which his zeal inspired them, prepared them doubtless for the great struggle which was coming, and in which, under the priestly Maccabees, they were the chief defenders of their country's freedom. Some, indeed, at that crisis were found among the apos…
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IV. Relation of the Jewish Priest hood to the Christian Ministry. — The language of the New-Test, writers in relation to the priesthood ought not to be passed over. They recognise in Christ the first-born, the king, the Anointed, the representative of the true primeval priest- hood after the order of Melchizedek (Heb. …
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In the Christian Church the word has been used in place of the two Greek words (1) rrptajivTepog, which really signifies an elder, and (2) Uoevc, which corre- Bponds i" the Latin sacerdos, i. e. one who offers sacri- fice—words which arc exceedingly dissimilar in mean- ing, but, used in this indiscriminate manner, conv…
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■• Receh e power to offer the sacrifice of < !od, and to cel- ebrate mass for the living ami the dead." Mi reover, he receives formally the power to forgive sins. The distinguishing vestment of the priest is the chasuble (Lat. planeta). In Roman Catholic countries, priests wear even in public a distinctive dress. Habi…
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While at Needham he composed his work entitled The Scripture Doctrine of Remission, which shows that the Death of Christ is no proper Sacrifice nor Satisfac- tion for Sin; but that Pardon is dispensed solely on ac- count of a Personal Repentance of the Sinner. It was published in 1761. He seems to have rejected all the…
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in morals, were Scrupulous in their adherence to ortho- doxy. But he did not confine himself to dealing with churchmen: his object was to obtain for the dissenters what he considered t<> be their rights, and in the pur- suit of which he published about twenty volumes. He attacked certain positions relating to the disse…
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morals as correct without austerity and exemplary without ostentation. These estimates are certainly diverse, but possibly they are equally near the truth. Priestley was much more of an experimentalist than a philosopher. In religion as well as in science he sought novelties. Facts, and facts only, could satisfy him. B…
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Priestley's History of the Corrujitions of Christianity led to the most exciting controversy in the latter half of the 18th century. His position may be easily de- fined. He writes as a Protestant, and, charging the papacy with corrupting tendencies, he pushes one step farther the arguments already familiar in the grea…
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Priests, Marriage of. The obligation of perpet- ual virginity imposed by the Church ot' Rome upon those who receive higher orders has been spoken of in another article. See ( i u i:\rv. In the ancient Church married men (but no bigamists) were sometimes re- ceived into priesthood, without dissolution of their mat- rimo…
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conclusion " that the Roman bishops not only claimed the highest authority in all ecclesiastical matters since the first times of Christianity, but that these preten- sions, founded on Christ's declarations, were acknowl- edged by the whole Church, especially by the episco- pate" (see Phillips, Kirchenrecht, p. 156). T…
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' [ i. I |, a. 530, No. pxxxvii, c. 5, a. 564, etc.). The ecclesiastical authority of Rome was not contested after that, but its relation to the worldly powers passed through many vicissitudes. Its connec- tion with the newly founded Germanic churches was at first prevented by their Axianism, but became the closer alte…
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The papal system, a product of feudalism, according to which all authority rests in the sovereign, involves, in its last consequence, the political domination. The Dictatus Gregorii contain the following declarations: "Quod solus Papa possit uti imperialibus insigniis" I No. 8) : "Quod solius Papa; pedes omnes principe…
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sate and authentically interpret ; and in virtue of the same he orders the resolutions of the provincial synods to be re-examined and approved by the Congregatio Concilii (Benedict XIV, De Synodo Liacesana, lib. xiii, cap. 3, No. 6). (3.) The Highest Ecclesiastical Supervision. — Reports from all dioceses are regularl…
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about their business, not by order or license from Peter. bul according to special direction ofGdd's Spirit. I (II.) The nature of the apostolic ministry their noi being fixed in one place of residence, bul continually moving about the world— the state of things at thai time, and the manner of peter'- life, render it u…
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In the Church of England the archbishop of Canter- bury is styled primate of all England ; the archbishop of York, primate of England. In Ireland, the archbish- op of Armagh is primate of all Ireland, and the arch- bishop of Dublin, primate of Ireland. The title of pri- mate in England and Ireland confers no jurisdicti…
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Primerose, Gilbert, D.D., a Scotch divine, flour- ished in the first half of the 17th century, first as minister of the French Church in London, later as chaplain to James I, and still later as canon of Windsor. He died in 1642. His works are, La Trompette de Sion, etc., en. XVIII Sermons (Berger, 1610, 8vo; and in Lat…
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Primitive Church. An expression used to de- note the conditii fthe Church, as respects doctrine and discipline, in the early stages of its history. Though this term is employed with little precision by eo lesias- tical writers, it most frequently refers to the Church of the first tlir. e centuries. See < in tu h. P…
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The three following extracts, from John Angell James, Dr. Beaumont, and Dr. Campbell, respectively, explain the peculiar genius of this denomination : "In cottages, in barns, and iu theatres; in public houses, in market-places, in streets, in lanes, and In fields, they (Primitive Methodist preachers) held meetings for…
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.... C.J.) Primitive Wesleyan Methodisi Churi h oi [belaud. This body was formed in 1816, and was the result of a division in the Wesleyan Methodist Connec- tion in Inland. In that year the Irish Conference, by a majority of thirty-six in a house of eighty-eight, rc- solved to authorize the preachers of the Connection…
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Prince is the rendering of several Heb. and Or. words in the A. V. 1. Sar, "lie (from "Il\9, to rule, to havi d Sept. dpxwv ; Vulg. priheeps |, the chief of any class, the master of a company, a prina or noUi ; used of Pha- raoh's chief butler and baker Mien. xl. 2 sq.); of the taskmasters set over the Israelites in E…
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14. "Apx<mv, which in the Sept. appears as the ren- dering of all the Hebrew words above cited, in the New Test, is used of earthly princes (Matt, xx, 25; 1 Cor. ii, 6), of Jesus Christ (Rev. i, 5), and of Satan (Matt, ix, 34; xii, 24; Mark iii, 22; John xii, 31; xiv, 30; xvi, 11 ; Eph. ii, 2). On the phrase "prince o…
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Princess (STliO, saraK) occurs but seldom in the Scriptures (1 Kings si, 3; Lain. i. I; elsewhere ••lady." See also Sarah); but the persons to whom it alludes. the daughters of kings, are frequently mentioned, and often with some reference to the splendor of their ap- parel. Thus we read of Tamar's ••garment of divers …
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Prior, Matthew, an English poet, writer of verse both sacred and profane, whose period of authorship was contemporary with the last years of Dryden and the earliest siaue of Pope, was possessed of little vigor "i originality, but was remarkable for hi.- .skill in versifi- cation and his gay and easy grace of imagery a…
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be invaluable. Where, for instance, could he obtain more prudent and faithful advice than hers in the se- lection of widows to be placed upon the eleemosynary list of the Church, and of deaconesses for the ministry?" {Script. Biog. ii, 298). It seems more to our purpose to lay stress on this than on the theological lea…
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- .nun i named Macedonius, wl btained lor them an imperial decree which allowed them to return to Spain and take possession of their sees, and ordered Vblventius, vicar ot Spain, to examine further into the matter. Priscillian and [nstantius returned to Spain. as in triumph: and [thacius, now in turn accused as a dis…
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punishment Of heretics in this period, a- it i> the first III the history of Christianity, the propriety of violent measures againsl heresy was thenceforth vindicated even by the be-t fathers of the Church (see "ii ibis point Augustine's position as marked out by Neander, Ch. Hist. ii. 217 Bq.; Schaff, Ch. Hist. ii. …
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PRISON, Ecclesiastical. A bishop was required to have one or more prisons for criminous clerks in 1261. That of the bishop of Chichester remains over his pal- ace gate ; and the bishop of London's gate-house stood at the west side of Westminster Abbey. The south- western tower of Clugny was used as a prison. There were…
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to the negligence of local authorities and the personal disposition of jailers. As in other reform movements, so in this, our own country has beet si progressive, and Europe has willingly taken lessons from America. The reports mad- of our prison systems by the French visitors. VI i and De Focqueville I in 1834 I, …
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Prisoner (I^SX, assir, cVc^noc). Imprisonment does not appear to have been imposed by Moses as a punishment among the Hebrews, though he describes it as in use among the Egyptians (Gen. xxxix, '20, 21 ; xl, 1-4). He seems to have used it merely for the purpose of keeping the culprit safe until judgment was given (Lev. …
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PRITZ 602 PRIVATIO COMMUXIOXIS the horse, as the last performance would have secured victory. Pritbu'a son pursued the robber, who could no) otherwise escape him than by changing himself into the form of a penitent strewed with ashes and hong all round wiih bones, [ndra succeeded in steal- in- the horse a second time…
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The popish theory goes to destroy individual re- sponsibility; but in alleging herself to be the appointed interpreter of Scripture the Church of Koine is obliged to concede the right of private judgment so far as to enable us to determine for ourselves from the Diviue Word that we are hound to submit our understanding…
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Privilege (Lat. pririleginm, from privata lex, a private law), in general, is a special ordinance or regu- lation in virtue of which an individual or a class enjoys certain immunities or rights from or beyond the com- mon provisions of the general law of the community. In ancient and mediaeval legislation, the law of p…
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PrivilegiumCanCnis. ( I.) Certain exemptions of the clergy from the State. Sec Pkivili Thai privilege of ecclesiastics which makes a real in- jury to a member of the clergy punishable by excom- munication, this taking place de ipso facto. Aft r s v- eral former canons had established the principle thai Buch real injuri…
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the list of the faithful outs. See Moral Theology. The expressed opinion of a < 'hiiivh doctor forms a Buffi- cicnt basis for a legitimate moral decision. The eternal a i nl object ive foundation- of the moral law are thus ex- changed lor the subjective view of individual persons of eminence (see Wuttke, Christian Eth…
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To these probabilistic systems is opposed a system espoused by the more consistent of Romish theologians of the Old Catholic type. It is called Antiprobabilism, and in its austere severity does not allow any influence on man's actions, even to the most probable opinion. It requires that an opinion shall be absolutely m…
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others had here and there d ■ before it. Jesuitism, moreover, was thefirst to gel up these sophisms as rules; lir-t brought them into an organized system of doctrine, and formed them as methods of the Christian doctrine of morals; lirsl scientifically constituted, authorized, and sanctioned them as leading principles …
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PROBABILISM 60^ PROBABILISM minus probabili." The antiprobabilistic extreme, repre- sented by the rigorism of the Jansenists, was met by pope Alexander VIII with the condemnation of the proposition referred to above, a condemnation which is contained in the decree of 1G90. The first consequence of the papal declara…
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The maxims of the Jesuits disseminated themselves, like an infectious disease, far beyond the circle of their own order, as is shown by the comprehensive works of the Sicilian Antony Diana (Resolutiones \Moi~ales, Antv. 1G29-37, 4 vols, fob; Lugd. 1GG7; Venet. 1728), who taught, under the express approval of his eccles…
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Probabilism, moreover, is not a merely fortuitously discovered expedient, but it is in fact an almost inevi- table consequence of the historical essence of Jesuitism. I he order itsell arose neither on the basis of Scripture nor of ancient Church tradition, but sprang absolutely from i he daring inventive power of a si…
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PROBATION G09 PROBUS LECTOR receive it as true, without certain knowledge that it is so. And herein lies the difference between probability and certainly, faith and knowledge, that in all the parts of knowledge there is intuition ; each immediate idea, each step, has its visible and certain connection; in be- lief n…
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Probationer is, in the Church of Scotland, a stu- dent in divinity, who, bringing a certificate from a pro- fessor in a university of his good morals, and his hav- ing performed his exercises to approbation, is admitted to undergo several trials before the presbytery, and upon his acquitting himself properly in these, …
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Plague, Which is at Dresden, is one of his best works. II.- died ill 1626. Procaccini, Ercole, tin elder, was the head of rated family of artists of that name, lie wa9 born in 1520 at Bologna, where the greater number of his works still exist. He died ahoul 1591, Authors are di\ ided in opinion respecting his meri…
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Procession of the Holy Ghost, that doctrine regarding the Third Person of the Blessed Trinity which teaches that as the Son proceeds (or is born) from the Father, so the Holy Ghost proceeds (or emanates) from the Father and from the Son, but as from one principle. The subject has been fully discussed in its historical …
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Since that conference the Filioque question has been much agitated in England, and it has been asserted, by High-Churchmen especially, that the exclusion of the Filioque from the Creed was granted by Dr. Dollinger and canon Liddon at Bonn. What the conference did may be stated as follows : It declared, as bishop Pear- …
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the- empire was distressed, or after some victory, used constantly to order processions, for several days togeth- er, to he made to the temples. |,, beg the assistance of 01 to return them thanks. Among the .lews. processions were introduced for public prayers when the faithful people went in order to implore the div…
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Each procession has (and here we depend on Roman Catholic writers) a leader, who is either a priest or a bishop. The priestly leader wears the chasuble and stole, and often the pluvial besides; his head is covered with a barret. The episcopal leader wears chasuble, stole, and pluvial; his head is covered with the mitre…
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PROCESSIONS GU PROCESSIONS two acolytes— one to liis right, the other to bis left — each with a lighted taper in his band. The carrying of the tatu.es, etc., is committed to the care of the brotherhoods, associations, and partly to the young men ami girls of the community; the relics are carried by the clergymen, o…
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rogations celebrated there in the week that follows As- cension thai the procession stops on the firsl day al twelve, on the sc nd at nine, and on the third al eleven chun ins (comp. MabUl. Lit. Gallic, p. 153), is a custom of great antiquity. The Gallican liturgy mentions it as a well-known matter (Missale Gothic; M…
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On Whitsun-Monday the parishioners in the diocese often came to blows about right of precedence, so that bishop Storey made injunctions (1478) for order on this occasion, when the shrine of St. Bichard was visited an- nually. Crosses and banners were permitted, but the long painted rods with which the contending partie…
943 wordsSource & rights
Public-domain 19th-century biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical reference work; OCR text from Internet Archive. Historical scholarship and terminology reflect its era; OCR may contain errors. Verify quotations and current scholarly claims independently.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.