PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
McClintock & Strong Cyclopaedia — Volume 8
John McClintock & James Strong · 1,493,014 words · 1487 reading sections
Section 1021
many, Italy, France, and the Netherlands." In this col- lection were included contributions by Tallis, Morley, Dowland, and all the great masters of the day, as well as by Ravenscroft himself, who contributed the tunes St. David's, Bangor, and Canterbury. The name of John Milton, father of the poet, appears as composer…
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of his learned and pious friend the Rev. Dr. Doddridge. are found in every selection of psalms and hymns which has been published since the year 1770. All the great 3 from the Church of England now have denominational hymn-books, containing the best rsions or i - if the Psalms of David, together with hymns selected f…
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the subject of a revision of the metrical psalms fore every assembly. Sir Walter Scott, when applied to, was wisely against the project; "for the Psalms," said he. -often possessed a rude sort of majesty, which would be ill exchanged for mere elegant . I addition to a collection of paraphrases was published by My. The …
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In 17>9 the new version of the Psalms by Messrs. Tate and Brady was adopted entire by the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America, with the addition of a few hymns. Since the year 1836 a collection of 21 2 hymns has been in use under the au- thority of the General Convention of that Church, com- pos…
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Reformed Church in America— containing, in addition to the psalms, 788 hymns. An edition with music has been published within three or lour years past, under the title of Tht Book of Praise. In 1862 the Ftdton Street Hymnrbook, which is used in the celebrated daily- noon prayer -meeting which bears the name of that st…
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1. Baptist.— Psalms and Hymns for Public, Social, and Private Worship (1S57). The New Hymn-book, published under the direction of the Genera! Baptist Association (1S51). Our Own Hymn-book, compiled by C. H. Spnrgeon. 2. Church of line/land. — The Year of" Praise, edited by Dean Alford (1S67). Christian Psalmo.lv. b…
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PSALMS •46 PSALMS It may be proper here to allude to the large addition ' to our psalmody in consequence of the labors of evange- lists, such as Bliss and Sankey. These have produced numerous books of hymns, chiefly with the music at- tached, which contain, along with much that is merely ephemeral, some Bongs and ni…
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l'i: \|si . In Psa. lxxii. 'jo we find all the preceding composi- tions i i lxxii) styled Prayers of David, because many of them are strictly prayers, and all are pervaded by the spirit and tone of supplication. This notice has Suggested that the Psalms may in the earliest times have been known as lYDBFl, tephillolh, …
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The second book (xlii-lxxii) consists mainly of pieces by the sons of Korah (xlii-xlix), and by David (li-lxv), which may have been separata minor collections. At the end of this book is found the notice, " The prayers of David the son of Jesse are ended ;" and hence some have thought that this was originally the clos…
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IV. Superscriptions.— Ail the I '.-alms, except thirty- lour, bear superscriptions. According to some, there are only twenty-live exceptions, as they reckon iT,!IP^!l, hallelujah, a title in all the Psalms which commence with it. To each of these exceptions the Talmud (Babyl. Coil. Aboda Sarah, foL 24, col. 2) gives th…
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the fact of the connection nol being readily apparent niideis ii improbable that the Superscription should have been prefixed by any but David himself. Of the terms left untranslated oi obscurt in our Bible, ii may be will to offer some explanation in this place, referring to them in alphabetical order for a fuller e…
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4. nbSPl, tephilldh, a "prayer:" xvii, lxxxvi, xc, cii, cxlii. 5. nblltl, tehillAh, a "psalm" simply: cxlv. 6. b^SiCE, maskil (instructive, "maschil," q. v.), a di- dactic poem: xxii, xlii, xliv, xlv, lii-lv, lxxiv, lxxviii, Ixxxviii, lxxxix, cxlii. 7. PlrftS, cduth (precept, " eduth," q. v.), an ethical poem : lx, …
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David's compositions are generally distinguished by sweetness, soilness, and grace, hut sometimes, as in Psa. xviii. they exhibit the sublime. His prevailing strain is plaintive, owing to his multiplied and sore trials, both before and after his occupation of the throne. How often was he beset with dangers, harassed by…
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tin f David; and in l'-a. xoi\. fi the prophet Samuel is named, which al-o proves that Moms could not he the writer. See Mosi 3. Jeduthun is sometimes, -without just ground, held to he named a- the author ol l'-a. \x\i\; the ascription there being merely a dedication to the leader of the Levitical orchestra. In the v…
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The superscriptions, and the places which the psalms themselves severally occupy in the Psalter, are thus the two guiding clews by which, in conjunction with the internal evidence, their various occasions are to be de- termined. In the critical results obtained on these points by those scholars who have recognised and …
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2 Sam. xvii, 1-29. 1 Sam. xxi. 1-15. 1 Sam. xxiv, 1-22. 1 Sam. xx, 1-42. 1 Sam. xix, 12-18. -' Sam. viii, 1-5. 1 Sam. xxii, 3, 4. 1 Sam. xxii, 5. 2 Sam. xxi. 1-14. 2 Chron. xx, 29, 30. 1 Chron. xiii, 1-0. (2 Sam. xvii, 1 29. identical with Psa. xl, 13-17. (•1 Sam. N vii, 1-2'.'. 1 Chron. xix, 1-19. 2 Kings xix…
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2. Temple hymns, sung at the consecration of the Tem- ple, the entrance of the ark, or intended for the Temple service (Psa. xv, xxiv, lxviii, Ixxxi, Ixxxvii, cxxxii, cxxxiv, cxxxv). So also pilgrim songs, sung by those who came to worship at the temple, etc. See Degrees. 3. Religious and moral psalms of a general cha…
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It would be strange if these few psalms stood, in their prophetical significance, absolutely alone among the rest : the more so inasmuch as Psa. ii forms part of the preface to the first hook of the Psalter, and would, as such, be entirely out of place, did not its general theme virtually extend itself over those that …
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The Psalms not only set forth the perfections of Cod; they proclaim also the duty of worshipping him by the acknowledgment and adoration of his perfec- tions. They encourage all outward ritCS and means of worship: new songs, use of musical instruments of all kinds, appearance in God's courts, lifting-up of hands, prost…
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gical: Origen, Selecta (in Opp. ii, 510); also Scholia (in Galland's Bibl. Patr. vol. xiv) ; Eusebius, Commen- tarii (Gr. and Lat. in Montfaucon's Collectio Nova, vol. i) ; Athanasius, Expositions ; also Interpretatio, etc. (all in Opp. vol. i and iii); Apollinarius, Metapkrasis (Lat, and Gr. in Galland, v, 359); Grego…
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Maldonatus [R .Cath.]. Commentarii [includ. other books] (Par. L643, foL); Gerscbau, Interpretatio [an- cienl texts] (Rost. 1643, fol.); Dickson, Explication (Lond. L645, 3 vols. 8vo; 1659, fol.; Glasg. L834, 2 vols. 12mo); Ford, Expositio (Lond. L646, 4to); Hul- Bius, Annotationes (Lugd. 1650, 4to) ; Bythner, Lyn [gr…
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Slade, Explanation (Lond. 1832, L2mo); Morison, Expo- sition ( ibid. 1832, 3 vols.8vo); Rogers, Aiiangt „>< rtf I ( >xf. 1838, - vols. l2mo); French and Skim - 1833, 1842, svo,; Keil. AusUgung [on sixty psalms) (Leips. 1834 35, 2 vols. 8vo); Carpenter. Reflections (Lond. 1835, 1841, l8mo); Sachs, Er/awr. (Berl. is:;:..…
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Psalter of Solomon. Under this title is extant in a Greek translation a collection of eighteen psalms or hymns, evidently modelled on the canonical psalms, breathing Messianic hopes, and forming a favorable specimen of the later popular Jewish literature. It was first edited by De la Cerda, according to an Augs- burg m…
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The hypothesis of Gratz (Gesch. d. Juden [2d ed. ]. iii. 139) that these psalms were written by a Christian author deserves no refutation. Nor are we justified in assuming Christian interpolations; for the sinlessness and holiness which the author ascribes to his expected Messiah I \\ ii. 11, 46) is not the sinlessness…
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in -tunnel it played with the lingers instead of a plectrum or quill, the verb \LaX\uv being used (I'.urip. I 784 1 of twanging the bowstring (comp. i|/aXuoi 7. %<av, Eurip. Ton, p. 17:; 1. But it only occur- in the s, pt as the rendering of the Hebrew iub<l in Neb. xii, 27 and PSALTERY 759 PSALTERY Isa. v, 12, a…
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r 4ml Miscellaneous Ancient Stringed Instruments. From the fact that nebel in Hebrew also signifies a wine-bottle or skin, it has been conjectured that the term when applied to a musical instrument denotes a kind of bagpipe — the old English cornamute, French cornemvse ; but it seems clear, whatever else may be ob- …
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Pseudodoxy (iptvSoSoZia, from if/evSoc., false- hood, and $6%a, opinion) designates a false or decep- tive opinion, and hence is emploj ed for superstition and error. A synonymous expression is pseudodidascaly (from diSaoKakia, instruction i, as he who holds errone- ous opinions (t^evdooogoe), if he communicates them, …
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Psychology (from ipvx'h the soul, and \6yog, a discourse) is that branch of metaphysics which treats of the nature and relations of the human spirit. It has been divided into rational, or speculative, and em- pirical, or practical. (See Fleming and Krauth, Vocab. of Philos. s. v.) Biblical Psychology is a term lately …
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1. Ptolemy I. Soter (1iot!)i>, savior), known as the son of Lagus, a Macedonian of low rank, was gem r- ally supposed to be an illegitimate son of Philip. He distinguished himself greatly during the campaigns of Alexander; at whose death, foreseeing the necessary subdivision of the empire, he secured for himsell the go…
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I. c.), though he does not appear to have adhered strictly to the laws of classical composition. An elder Philo celebrated Jerusalem in a long hexameter poem Euse- bius quotes the 11th 1 k of which the few corrupt lines still preserved (Euseb. Prap. Ev. i\. 20, 24, 28) convey no satisfactory notion. Another epii the…
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Tetradrachm of Ptolemy IV. Egyptian talent. (Obv. Bust of king, r., bound with fillet. Eev. ITTOAE- maiot fiAonATopos. Eagle, 1., on thunderbolt.) Struck at Tyre. 5. Ptolemy V, Epiphanes ('ETTKpavtg, i. ^.illustrious). The reign of Ptolemy Epiphanes was a critical epoch in the history of the Jews. The rivalry between…
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fall down slain. Ami hath tlasi l.ini/s' In a its shall be to do mischief, and they shall spi ak lies at on* table [An- tiochus shall profess falsely to maintain the cause of Philometor against his brother, and Philometor to trust in his -ood faith | : but it shall not prosper | the resist- ance of Alexandria shall pr…
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PTOLEM.EUS (ap. Hieron. viii, p. 507, ed.Migne) notices the flight of Onias and the building of the temple under the same year (B.C. 102), possibly from the natural connection of the events without regard to the exact date of the latter. Some time at least must be allowed for the mil- itary service of Onias, and the b…
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7. " The son of Dorymenes" (1 Mace, iii, 38 ; 2 Mace, iv, 45; comp. Polyb. v, 61), a courtier who possessed great influence with Antiochus Epiphanes. He was induced by a bribe to support the cause ofMenelaus (2 Mace. iv. 45-50), and afterwards took an active part in forcing the Jews to apostatize ( 2 Mace, vi, 8, accor…
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Ptol'emee, Ptoloniae'us, Ptol'omee, forms of the name Ptolemy sometimes found in the Apocry- phal books of Esther and Maccabees. See Ptolejletjs. Ftol'emy. See Ptolemjecs. Ptolemy was a Gnostic philosopher, in whom, ac- cording to St. frenaeus (Preef. ail lib. i. Adv. liter.), the system of Valentinus reached its bl…
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Public Worship is the service of the different religious bodies open to all worshippers, and is so desig- nated in distinction from minor services intended simply as auxiliaries to the devoted in their religious life. It is usually supposed to be a service under charge of clergy, though it need not be thus limited. It …
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PUBLIC WORSHIP y68 PUBLICAN Canon 4. "Whosoever shall affirm that the form of God's worship in the I nun b of England, established by law, and contained in the Book of Common Prayer and Administration ot'Sa< rameuts, is a corrupt, superstitious, or unlaw l'ul worship of God, or containeth anything in it that i- rep…
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sally departed from in Scotland, and the reason assigned is this: "The reader or precentor began the service with reading a chapter, and gave out a psalm as tbe minister came into church —so that the minister, the psalm being sung, began with prayer. Butthi tor's function has ceased since the middle or towards the end …
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If this was the case with the directors of the com- pany, we may imagine how it stood with the underlings. They overcharged whenever the}' had an opportunity (Luke iii, 13). They brought false charges of smug- gling in the hope of extorting hush-money (ibid, xix, 8). They detained and opened letters on mere sus- picion…
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The Gospels present us with some instances of this PUBLICAN feeling. To eat and drink "with publicans" seems to the Pharisaic mind incompatible with the character of a recognised rabbi Matt, ix, 11). They spoke in their .-corn oi our Lord as the friend of publicans (xi, 19). Rabbinic writings furnish some curious il…
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they answered they were Christians and followers of the apostles. After that, being questioned upon the Creed, their replies were very orthodox a- to the Trinity and incarnation. But (says Rapin) if the historian is to be depended on. they rejected baptism, the Eucharist, marriage, and the communion of saints. Tiny sho…
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"Inveni portnm: spes et fort una, valete ! Nil mihi vobiscum, ludite nunc alios." Some authors have asserted without proof that Pucci was sent to Rome and burned. See Unicersalist Quar- ter///, July, 1873, art. i ; Ittig, Be Puccianismo ; Schmid, Br. F. Puccio in Naturalistis et Indifferentistis Redivivo (Lips. 1712, …
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2 PUDENS Romanizing Britons of that time with Claudia Rufina and with Christianity (see Musgrave, quoted by Fabri- cius, Lux EvangdU, p. 702). The wife of Aulus Plan- ting who commanded in Britain from A.D. 4.o to A.D. .')•_'. was Pomponia Grsecina, and the Rufi were a branch ut her house. She was accused at Rome, A.D…
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PUDENS ■r.'i PUDICITIA grandfather or the paternal uncle of the other. Nor does anything preserved in the interior of the present church of Pudentiana carry us back decisively to the first generations of Roman Christians; the older portions of the edilice, however, do contain such indications. One of the priests of…
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On the whole, although the identity of St. Paul's Pu- dens with any legendary or heathen namesake is not abso- lutely proved, yet it is difficult to believe that these facts add nothing to our knowledge of the friend of Paul and Timothy. The identity is favored by Alford, Convbeare and Howson, and others. Objections to…
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The Bible was tie' one hook he knew, and he used it with most marvellous power and success. Me was the sturdy opponent of Calvinism .and Uhiversalism, and combated them with such vigor that he was regarded as ;i worthy foeman for the best advocates of those forms of Christian dogma. After hi- superannuation in 1843 th…
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Fugillaris is a name for the reed of gold or silver, or ivory, used for drinking from the chalice (q. v.). Fugin, Augustus Nouthjiore Wjelby, one of the most distinguished of modern ecclesiastical architects, was the son of a French gentleman who lied to England at the period of the Revolution. He was born in 181 1, a…
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Pak. See Paint. Pui (Heb. id. P*1B [for derivation, sec below]), the name of a people and of a man. 1. (Sept. <i>ovd v. r. $oi;£ ; Vulg. Africa.) A country or people located at a great distance from Judaea, and named once (Isa. lxvi, 19) between Tarshish and Lud: "The nations (d^fi), [to] Tarshish, Pui. and Lud, that…
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reigns of three kings, comprising thirty-seven years, in addition to a probable interregnum of two or three years between this king and Tiglath-pileser i \thena urn, No. 1805). Subsequently he suggested that one and the same individual i- denoted by the names Pul and Tig- lath-pileser in the sacred narrative. His chi…
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sins TI in the government. Pulcheria then made a vow of eternal chastity, prevailed upon her sisters to follow her example, and gave to the Byzantine court the pu- rity which should prevail in a monastery. Some writ- ers charge that this chastity was feigned from political reasons, Pulcheria desiring to prevent the mar…
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Figure of Pulear. Pulgar, Isaac, a Jewish convert to Christianity, flourished at Avila, in Spain, about 1300 to 1349. He was a friend of Abner of Burgos, better known (after his baptism) as Alphonso of Valladolid, against whom he af- terwards wrote a polemical work entitled niSlpfl D, " The Book of Answers." He also w…
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New Haven in .May. 1850, and appointed to Pleasant Valley ami New Hartford Mi-ion. where belabored two years. He thenceforth served New Milford, Woodbury, .ami Berlin ; was supernumerary one year, and was afti r- wards stationed at Southington .and Forestville,Wi it- port, Ansonia, Seymour, New .Milford. Nichol's farms…
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Fotheringay, Northamptonshire. Notre Dame; at St. L6, in Normandy, and in the outer court of Magdalen College, Oxford. In France there are several overlooking cemeteries. In churches the pulpits were formerly always placed in the nave, at- tached to a wall, pillar, or screen, and the ecclesiastics and others who occup…
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No just treatment of eloquence in any of its phases can ignore the fad that its highest character and results can only be secured from the expression ofthe living lli.re musl he voice for the ear. action for i I ind a certain projection ofthe s.-ni ini. in -. the Bympathii . and the emotions of an animated goul upon I…
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I. The Period of the Apostles and Early Fathers. — Notwithstanding the brevity of its record, the New Testament is by no means silent as to the subject of preaching. The Gospels not only contain our Lord's Sermon on the Mount, but many fragments of the ad- dresses or sermons which he delivered to his disciples and the …
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III. The Period of the Middle Ayes. — The terms -Middle Ages" and "Dark Ages" have long been nearly synonymous; but historians have not often pointed out with sufficient clearness the extent to which the dark- ness of those ages was chargeable to the incompetence and unfaithfulness of those who, as Christian teachers, …
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val period, few can be mentioned on account of distin- guished ability as preachers. The two men who, per- haps, more than others deserve such mention were An- tony of Padua, subsequently canonized as a saint, and the Jesuit Antonio Vieyra, both natives of Portugal of the former, it has been said that -his rare talents…
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In France the most celebrated epoch of pulpit elo- quence occurred during the reign of Louis XIY, a mon- arch who, notwithstanding personal vices and official cruelties that have made his name detestable, was a zealous patron of preaching. Through his command and example, attendance upon court preaching was made fashio…
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fthe Christian Sabbath and a free use of the Holy Scriptures. The importance of preaching has also jnised from the first in the Church architect- ure of America. All edifices constructed as places ol worship, from the log structures of the frontier to the great tabernacles of crowded cities and the Unman Cath- olic cat…
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2. The natural temperament of speakers governs in a asure the kind of eloquence in which they may excel. Sons of thunder and sons of consolation have each their mission; but for either to attempt the office or adopt the style of the Other is to hazard failure. Nevertheless, mere natural endowments are insufficient to…
957 wordsSource & rights
Public-domain 19th-century biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical reference work; OCR text from Internet Archive. Historical scholarship and terminology reflect its era; OCR may contain errors. Verify quotations and current scholarly claims independently.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.