PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
McClintock & Strong Cyclopaedia — Volume 4
John McClintock & James Strong · 1,547,842 words · 1510 reading sections
Section 1081
Jeho'hanan (Heb. Yehochanan', 'Snin^, Jehovah- granted, q. d. 9£oPwpoe), the name of several men. See also JoiiANAN ; John, etc. 1. (Sept. 'laivc'tv.') A Korhite, and head of the sixth division of Levitical Temple porters (1 Chron. xxvi, 3). B.G. 1014. 2. (Sept. Twai/av.) Jehoshaphat's second " captain," in command o…
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JEHOIACHIN" 800 JEHOIADA roads of the armed hands of Chaldreans, Ammonites, and Moabites, sent against tiiem by Nebuchadnezzar in consequence of Jehoiakim's rebellion. See Jehoiakim. Jerusalem at this time, therefore, was quite defenceless, and unable to offer any resistance to the regular army which Nebuchadnezzar …
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Jehoi'ada (Hebrew Yelwyada', V^'^i'n';, Jchovah- hioim ; Sept. 'laoiaSa, 'IwiaSi, 'Iwcai), the name of two or more priests. 1. The father of Benaiah, which latter was one' of David's chief warriors (2 Sam. viii. 18 ; xx, 23 ; xxiii, 20, 22 ; 1 Kings i, 8, 26, 32, 36, 38, 44 ; ii, 25. 29, 34, 35, 46 ; iv, 4 ; 1 Chron. …
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those mentioned in the O. T. See Higii-prif.st. It is probably this Jelioiada who is alluded to in Jer. xxix, 2(! as a pre-eminent incumbent of the office (see Ilosen- mliller and llitzig, ad loc), and he is doubtless the same with the Bkuechiaii (J^a^axiaq) of Matt, xxiii, 25. See Zeukkiau. 3. (Neh. iii, C). See Joia…
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After three years of subjection, Jehoiakim, deluded by the Egyptian party in his court (compare Josephus, Ant. X, 6, 2), ventured to withhold his tribute, and thereby to throw oif the Chaldrean yoke (2 Kings xxiv, 1). This step, taken contrary to the earnest remon- strances of Jeremiah, and in violation of his oath of …
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All the accounts v,e have of Jehoiakim concur in as- cribing to him a vicious and irreligious character. The writer of 2 Kings xxiii, 37 tells us tliat "he did that which was evil in the sight of Jehovah," a statement which is repeated in ch. xxiv, 9, and 2 Chron. xxxvi, 5. The latter writer uses the yet stronger expre…
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2. A son or descendant of Kechab, the progenitor of a peculiar tribe, who held themselves bound by a vow to abstain from wine, and never to relinquish the no- madic life (Jer. xxxv, G-19). See Keciiab. It appears from 1 Chron. ii, 55 that his father or ancestor Kechab (" the rider") belonged to a branch of the Kenites,…
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Jehon'athan (Heb. Yehonathan', 'ni^l^jJehovah- fjiven; Sept. 'IwvciSaj^), the full form of the name of four men. 1. The oldest son of king Saul (1 Sam. xiv, 6, 8, 21 ; xviii, 1, 3, 4 ; xix, 2, 4, 6, 7 ; xx throughout, and all later passages except 1 Chron. x, 2, in all which the A. V. has "Jonathan" [q. v.], as the He…
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It was, perhaps, in consequence of Elisha's rebuke, and of the above remarkable deliverance granted to the allied armies according to his word, that Jehoram, on his return to Samaria, put away the image of Baal which Ahab, his father, had made (2 Kings iii, 2) ; for in 2 Kings iv we have an evidence of Elisha's being o…
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son and successor of Jehoshaphat, and fifth king on the separate throne of Judah, who began to reign (alone) at the age of thirty-six years, and reigned three years, B.C. 887-884. It is" indeed said in the general account (^2 Chron. xxi, 5, 20; 2 Kings viii, 16) that he began to reign at the age of thirty-two, and that…
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The weak and impious Ahab at that time occupied the throne of Israel; and Jehoshaphat, after a time, having nothing to fear from his power, sought, or at least did not repel, an alliance with him. This is al- leged to have been the grand mistake of his reign, and that it was such is proved by the consequences. Ahab mig…
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JEHOSHAPHAT 807 JEHOSHAPHAT, VALLEY OF with any zeal, and was soon abandoned (2 Cliron. xx, 35-37; 1 Kings xxii, 48, 49). 15.C. 895. See Co>i- MEKCE. After the death of Ahaziah, king of Israel, Jehoram, his successor, persuaded Jehoshaphat to join him in an expedition against Moab. B.C. cir. 891. This alliance was,…
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6. The son of Nimshi, and father of king Jehu of Is- rael (2 Kings ix, 2, 14). B.C. ante 883. JEHOSHAPHAT, VALLEY OF psrin:' p?2?, Sept. Koi\«c 'Imaa^i'iT, Vidg. Vallis Jusaphut), a valley mentioned in Scripture by the prophet Joel only, as the spot in which, after the return of Judah and Jerusalem from captivity, Jeh…
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So narrow and precipitous a glen is quite unsuited to the Biblical event, but this inconsistency does not appear to have disturbed those who framed or those who hold the tradition. It is, however, implied in the Heb. terms employed in the two cases. That by Joel is emek {p'O"), a Avord applied to spacious valley's such…
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Cyril, in the 4th century, mentions it in a way which indicates that in his day tradition had altered, or that the valley was supposed to embrace a wider sweep of country than now, for he speaks of it as some furlongs east of Jerusalem — as bare, and fitted for equestrian ex- ercises (Reland, Palrestina, p. 355). Some …
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is furnished with vowels), Jehorah, yet, at the present day, most scholars agree that this pointing is not the original and genuine one, but that these vowels are derived from those of "^inX, Adonai. For the later Hebrews, even before the time of the Sept. version, either following some old superstition (compare Herod,…
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HI. Proper Sif/nification of the Term.— A clew to the real import of this name appears to be designedly fur- nished in the passage where it is most distinctively as- cribed to the (iod of the Hebrews, Exod. iii, 14 : "And God said to Moses, / shall be what I shall be (Jn^nx '^')^^: "''"^^3 ; a'"l he said. Thus shalt th…
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VI. Literature. — For a full discussion of the questions connected with this sacred name, see, in addition to the above-cited works, Gataker, De nom. Dei tetragram., in his 0pp. Crit. (Traj. ad Khen. 1698) ; Meier, Lectio nam. tetragram. exam. (Viterbo, 1725) ; Capellus, Or. de nom. Jehova, in his Criticn Sac. p. GOO ;…
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Jehoz'abad (Heb. Yehozabad', "isrin^ Jehovah- given; Sept. 'I(t)sa/3a^, but 'iwt^nfiiS in 2 Chron. xxiv, 26), the name of three men. See also Jozabad, 1. The second son of Obed-edom (q. v.), the Levitical gate-keeper of the Temple (1 Chron. xx\i, 4). B.C. 1014. 2. The last-named of Jehoshaphat's generals (.Jose- phus…
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uncovered a vial of the sacred oil (Josephus, A nt. ix, 6, 1) which he had brought with him, poured it over Jehu's head, and after announcing to him the message from Elisha, that he was appointed to be king of Israel and destroyer of the house of Ahab, rushed out of the house and disappeared (2 Kings ix, 7, 8). Surpris…
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which he had struck was, however, felt even in Sama- ria. When, therefore, he wrote to the persons in au- thority there the somewhat ironical but designedly in- timidating counsel, to set up one of the young princes in Samaria as king and tight out the matter which lay between them, they sent a very submissive answer, …
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There is nothing difficult to understand in the char- acter of Jehu. He was one of those decisive, terrible, and ambitious, yet prudent, calculating, and passionless men whom God from time to time raises up to change the fate of empires and execute his judgments on the earth. He boasted of his zeal — " Come and see my …
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{The Booh ofEvideitce and Argument in Apology for the despised Religion, i. e. Judaism). In style, this work is an imitation of Plato's dialogues on the immortality of the soul. According to Griitz (GescJiichte der Juden, V, 214 sq. ; vi, 14G sq.), the Khozars, a tribe of the Finns, ;vhich was akin to the Bulgarians, A…
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Jehudah (Arje-Loeb) ben-Zebi (IIirsh), a Jew- ish writer of some note, was born at Krotoschin (Polish Prussia) about 1680. He afterwards became rabbi at Carpentras and Avignon. His works are: (1) A He- brew Lexicon, entitled ITliin^ "^^0? (^''^ ^''"'■' ".Z"'^"" dah) (.Jesnitz, 1719, 4to), consisting of two parts; the f…
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Jekanii'ah (Heb. Yekamgah', fl^'?^'', gathered by Jehovah), the name of two men. 1. (Sept. 'ItKoi-iiaQ v. r. 'lexffilac, ^'n'S- Tcamia.) Son of Shallum, and father of Elishama, of the descend- ants of Sheshan of Judah (1 Chron. ii, 41). B.C. prob. cir. 588. 2. (Sept. 'If/cfi'iVi V. r. 'l6(v-f/(i'«,Vulg. Jecemia, Anth…
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Jenkin, Robert, an English theologian, was born at Minster, Thanet, in 1056. He studied at Canterbury and Cambridge, of which he became fellow. He was successivel}' appointed rector of St. John's College, pro- fessor of theology, and chaplain to Dr. Lake, bishop of Chichester. In 1688 he refused to take the oath re- qu…
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itters ejected (1728); Hoefer, N'ouv. Bioyraph. Generale, xxvi, 049. Jennings, David, D.D., an eminent Independent minister, was born at Kibworth, Leicestershire, iu 1091. In 1718 he became pastor of a congregation in Old (iravel Lane, Wajjping, where lie remained for forty- four years. In 1744 he went as divinity tut…
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The tribes beyond the Jordan having resolved to op- pose the Ammonites, to whom the Israelites had fallen under subjection after the tltath of Jair, in consequence of relapsing into idolatrj', Jephthah seems to have occur- red to every one as the most fitting leader. A deputation was accordingly sent to invite him to t…
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Volumes have been written on the subject of " Jeph- thah's rash vow," the question being whether, in doing to his daughter " according to his vow," he really did offer her in sacrifice, or whether she was merely doomed to perpetual celibacy. That the daughter of Jephthah was really offered up to God in sacrifice — sla…
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2. On the other hand, it has been well replied that the text expressly, and in varied terms, alludes to the obligation of the girl to lead a life of perpetual A-irginity (ver. 37, 38, 39). Such a state was generally considered a calamity by the Israelitish women, probably on ac- count of the early prophecy of the incar…
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2. Sec Jii'iiTAii. Jephun'ne (lf(povvi]), a Gnedzcd form (Ecclus. xlvi, 7) lor the Hebrew name Jephusneh (q. v.). Jephun'neh (Heb. Yephunneh', tliS^ nimble), the name of two men. 1. (Sept. 'Uipovvi], also 'lt(pov>) and 'l£(^oi'vJ}.) The father of Caleb (q. v.), the faithful fellow-explorer of Ca- naan with Joshua, i…
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3. One of the Benjaniite bowmen and slingers wlio repaired to David while at Ziidag (1 Chron. xii, 4). B. C. 1053. 4. A chief of the tribe of INIanasseh east, apparently about the time of the deportation by the Assvrians (1 Chron. V, 24). B.C. 782. 5. A native of Libnah, the father of Ilamutal, wife of Josiah, and mo…
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Near the close of the reign of Jehoiakim (B.C. 599"), and during the short reign of his successor Jehoiachin or Jeconiah (B.C. 598), we find him still uttering his voice of warning (see ch. xiii, 18 ; comp. 2 Kings xxiv, 12, and Jer. xxii, 24-30), though without effect; and, after witnessing the downfall of the monarch…
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1. The stjile of .Jeremiah corresponds with this view of the character of Ids mind : though not deficient in pow- er, it is peculiarly marked by pathos. He delights in the expression of the tender emotions, and employs all the resources of his imagination to excite corresponding feelings in his readers. He has an irre…
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4. Much difficulty has arisen with respect to the writ- ings of Jeremiah from the apparent disorder in which they stand in our present copies, and from the many disagreements between tVie Hebrew text and that found in the Septuagint version, and many conjectures have been hazarded respecting the occasion of this disord…
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For a purely topical analysis of the book, sec Dr. Da vidson , in H orne's Introd. new ed. ii, 870 sq. The exact chronological position of some of the projihecies is exceeding- ly difficult to determine. The principal predictions r: I -.ting to the JMcssiali are found in chapter xxiii. 1-8; xxx, 31-40; xxxiii, 14-20 (I…
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3. A uthor, Date, original iMngiiage, Canonieitg, etc. — The inscription claims the authorship of this epistle for Jeremiah, who, it is said, wrote it just as tlie Jews were going to Babylon, M-hich is generally reckoned to be the first year of Nebuchadnezzar the Great, or B.C. 606. This is the general opinion of the R…
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1. Jere.miaii (q. v.) the prophet (EccUis. xlix, 6 ; 2 JNIacc. XV, 14; Matt, xvi, 14). 2. (1 Esdr. ix, 34.) See Jekemai. Jer'emoth (Heb. Yerei/moth' , n'^i'n^, or Yei-e- moth', T\i'Q'~i'^, heights), the name of several men. See also Jerijioth. 1. (Sept, 'lapfjiiwB'.) The last named of the three sons of Jlushi, grand…
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JERICHO 826 JERICHO son, " prince of the children of Jitdah," and had by him Boaz, the husband of Kuth and progenitor of David and of our Lord; and, lastly, that hers is the tirst and only Gentile name that appears in the list of the faithful of the O. T. given by Paid (Josh, vi, 25; 1 Chron. ii, 10; Matt.'i, 5;" He…
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By the Komans, Jericho was first visited under Pom- pey. He encamped there for a single night, and subse- quently destroyed two forts — Threx and Taurus — that commanded its approaches (Strabo, Geogr. § 40). Da- gon (Josephus, War, i, 2, 3) or Docus (1 Mace, xvi, 15; comp. ix, 50), where Ptolemy assassinated his father…
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Posterior to the Gospels, Vespasian fimud it one of the toparchies of Judjea {War, iii, 3, 5), but deserted by its inhabitants in a great tneasure when he encamped there (ibid, iv, 8, 2). He left a garrison on his dei)arture (not necessarily the 10th legion, wliicli is only stated to have marched throur/k Jericho) whic…
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Jericho does not seem to have ever been restored as a town by the Crusaders ; but its plains had not ceased to be prolific, and were extensively cultivated and laid out in vineyards and gardens by the monks (Phocas ap. Leon. Allat. Sn/j/iiif-. [c. 20], p. 31). They seem to have been included in the domains of the patri…
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2. (Sept. Tfpi/uw^.) The last named of the three sons of Mushi, grandson of Levi (1 Chron. xxiv, 30) ; elsewhere (1 Chron. xxiii, 23) called Jeremoth (q.A'.). 3. (Sept. 'lapijxov'St v. r. 'Api/twS.) One of the fa- mous Benjamite archers and slingers that joined David's band at Ziklag (1 Chron. xii, 5). B.C. 1055. 4. …
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When Solomon died, the ten tribes sent to call Jero- boam from Egypt; and he appears to have headed the deputation that came before the son of Solomon with a demand of new securities for the rights which the measures of the late king had compromised. It may somewhat excuse the harsh answer of Rehoboam that the demand w…
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2. The son and successor of Jehoash, and the four- teenth king of Israel, for a period of forty-one years, B.C. 823-782 (2 Kings xiv, 23). He followed the example of the first Jeroboam in keeping up the idolatry of the golden calves (2 Kings xiv, 24). Nevertheless, the Lord had pity upon Israel (2 Kings xiv, 26), the t…
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lations from the wTitings of the early Greek fathers, among which the most important are the Chronicle of Eusebius, and the homilies of Origen on Jeremiah and Ezekiel. It cost Jerome no small sacrifice to tear him- self away from his friend and instructor to return in 382 to Kome as mediator in the INIeletiau schism, w…
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Tlie inrtuence which Jerome exerted on his contem- poraries, the prominence which they assigned him, and the regard which the Christian Church has ever since bestowed upon him, may be justifieil in view of the customs of the period in which he lived. It is by considering both the sunny and shadow}'- side, not only of h…
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JEROME 832 JEPvOME quiring any further into the reason of the alteration. Yet here he had in his favor the authority of a Roman bishop, as well as the fact that in this case it was im- possible to oppose to him a translation established and transmitted by ecclesiastical authority, or a divine in- spiration oftlie te…
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when lighted up by the ardors of his indignant passion, it was, like his own cell, cold, gloomy, and uninviting. The works of Jerome will always maintain for him the esteem of Christendom. There is in them a great deal tha* is baseless, fanciful, and (ui. -si(l( d. but very much that is useful and instruriivc in cxigis…
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IV.— G G G him (Wickliffe), and, finding his doctrines had made considerable jirogress in Bohemia, and that Huss was at the bead of that party which had espoused them, he attached himself to that leader" (Gilpin, Lives, p. 234 ; compare, however, Gillett, Life of Huss, i, 69) . Jlay 28, 1403, the University of Prague,…
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of the stronger rival in the papac}-, and appealed to Al- exander V for his decision in the conflict with the Bo- hemians. A papal bull was secured condemning the articles of Wickliffe, forbidding preaching in private chapels, and authorizing the archbishop to appoint a commission to enforce the measures adopted b.v hi…
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against the patrons of papal fraud and ecclesiastical cor- ruption. We are only surprised that the deep resent- ment felt was confined in its expression within such limits" (Gillett, i, 257). Both he and Huss were obliged to ilee from Prague, as the safety of their lives was threatened. Huss (q. v.) retired to the cast…
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ment, and Jerome was remitted to prison, where he was bound to a stake, with his hands, feet, and neck so that lie could scarcely move his head. Thus he lay two days, with nothing to eat but bread and water. Then for the lirst time he obtained, through the mediation of I'eter IMaldonisuritz, who had been told of his si…
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Jeromites. See IIieronymites. Jerubb'aal (Heb. YenMa'al, ^?3"T;', contender with Baal; comp. Isiibaal; Sept. "Itpo/3««X\ a sur- name of Gideon (q. v.), the judge of Israel, given him in consequence of his overthrow of the idol (Judg. vi, 32; vii, 1 ; viii, 29, .S5; ix, 1, 2, 5, 16, 19, 24, 28, 57; 1 Sam. xii, 11). ''T…
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The question of the identity of Jerusalem with " Ca- dytis, a large city of Syria," " almost as large as Sardis," which is mentioned by Herodotus (ii, 159 ; iii, 5) as hav- ing been taken by Pharaoh-Necho, need not be investi- gated in this place. It is interesting, and, if decided in the affirmative, so far important …
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The promise made to David received its accomplish- ment when Solomon built his Temple upon ]Moimt ;Mo- riah, B.C. 1010. He also added towers to the Avails, and otherwise greatly adorned the city. By him and his father Jerusalem had been made the imperial residence of the king of all Israel ; and the Temple, often calle…
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JERUSALEM 839 JERUSALEM Ancient Assyrian delineation of a hostile city resembling Jerusalem in situation. "the people shouted for joy, but many of the Levitts who had seen the tirst Tem- ple wept with a loud voice" (Ezra iii,2, 12). ■\^■hcn the Samaritans expressed a wish to sliare in the jiious labor, Zerubbabel d…
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On their arrival at Jerusalem they contributed, ac- cording to their ability, to rebuild the Temple ; Jeshua the priest, and Zerubbabel, reared up an altar to offer burnt-offerings thereon ; and when, in the following year, the foundation was laid of the new house of God, which he received from the enemies of Israel (…
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Under their new masters the Jews enjoyed for a time nearly as much tranquillity as under tlie "generally be- nign and liberal government of the Ptolemies. But in JB.C. 170, Scleucus Philopator, hearing that great treas- ures were hoarded up in the Temple, and being distress- ed for money to carry on his wars, sent his…
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6. Of Jerusalem itself we find no notice of consequence in the next period till it was taken by Pompcy (q. v.) in the summer of B.C. G3, and on the very day observed by the Jews as one of lamentation and fasting, in com- memoration of the conquest of Jerusalem by Nebuchad- nezzar. Twelve thousand Jews were massacred in…
1,081 wordsSource & rights
Public-domain 19th-century biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical reference work; OCR text from Internet Archive. Historical scholarship and terminology reflect its era; OCR may contain errors. Verify quotations and current scholarly claims independently.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.