PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
McClintock & Strong Cyclopaedia — Volume 4
John McClintock & James Strong · 1,547,842 words · 1510 reading sections
Section 961
2. (Sept. 'It^£p,Vulg. Je^Amw.) Apparently one of the sons of Zophah, the great-grandson of Asher (1 Chron. vii, 37) ; ]irobably the same as Jether in v. 58. B.C. long post 1856. Ith'reani (IMi.Yithredm' , D^*"iri% superabundanoe of the people; ^ept.'ltBipai'ii.i, 'liSfijr'ijA ; Josephus Fe- SpaajUT/c [A7it. vii, i, 4…
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If its adaptation to England was eminent, it was pre- eminent in America, where the customary local iiast orate of otlier denominations seemed to afford no adequate provision for the prodigiously advancing pojiulation and settlement of the country. " Methodism, with its ' lay niinistry' and its ' itinerancy,' could alo…
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The itinerancy has always been a feature cherished with jealous care ty the Methodist bodies, and with re- spect to bishops it is hedged about by one of the re- strictive rides in the j\Ieth. I-3pis. Church (see their Dis- cipline, Powers of the General Conference). The length of time for which the travelling preachers…
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But also to the " itinerant" himself the system affords many advantages, though, it is true, it also subjects him to some disadvantages. Tlie pros and cons of this part of the question are these : 1. " It restricts him in the choice of his field of labor." But if this be a disadvantage, it is fully atoned for by the f…
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From the expression "thy brethren" (xv, 20) we may infer that there were other Philistines besides Ittai in the six hundred; but this is uncertain. Ittai was not exclusively a Philistine name, nor does " Gittite" — as in the case of Obed-edom, who ^\•as a Levite — necessa- rily imply Philistine parentage. StiU David's …
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Georff. ii, 448 ; Lucan. vii, 230, 5 14) . The present Jedut probably comprehends the whole or greater part of the proper Itur.-ea. This is described by Burckhardt {Syria, p. 286) as "lying south of Jebelkessoue, east of Jebel es- Sheik (Mount Hermon), and west of the Haj road." It is bounded on the east by Trachonitis…
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possibly be formed the Greek "I?, and the modern Hit (where the t is merely the feminine ending), if we might suppose any connection between the Greek and the Tal- mud. Isidore of Charax seems to intend the same place by his 'Ad-TToXig (iVans. Parth. p. 5). Some have thought that it occurs as 1st in the Egyptian inscri…
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Ivo, bishop of Chartres {Caniotensis). Little is known of the life of this prelate beyond what we can learn from his works. The exact date of his birth is not ascertained (it is supposed to have been about 1040), neither is his descent : some saj' that he was of low ex- traction (" ex genere minime nobili," Gallia Chri…
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The Egyptians at a very early period made use of this material in decoration. The cover of a small ivory box in the Egyptian collection at the Louvre is " in- scribed with the pranomen Nefer-ka-re, or Neper-che- res, adopted by a dynasty found in the upper line of tlie tablet of Abydos, and attributed by ]\I. Bunsen to…
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Ivy ((c((T(roc) is mentioned but once in the Scrip- tures, and that in the Apocrypha, namely, in 2 Mace. vi, 7, where it is said that the Jews were compelled, when the feast of Bacchus was kept, to go in procession carrying ivy to this deity, to whom it is well known this plant was sacred. Iv\', however, though not me…
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Izrahi'ah (Heb. YizrachyaW, f^l^H'^t"', sprout of Jthovah sc. into the world), the name of one or two men. 1. (Sept. 'ltL,c)ia ; Vulg. Israhia.) The son of Uzzi, and grandson of Tola, the son of Issachar (1 Chron. vii, 3). He was the father offive sons (ibid.). B.C. c. 1618. 2. (Sept. omits, but some copies have 'It^…
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Ja'asau [some Jad'san] (Heb. Yadsav', Tw"^ Sept. translates tiroir^aav q. d. t-"\ but the margin has YaUsay', ^''^"^, fabricator, otherwise for M^b?.!', made hy. Miovafi, and so Vulg.,/w/), an Israelite of the "sons' of Bani, who renouncecl his Gentile wife after the return from Babylon (Ezra x, 37). B.C. 459. Jaa'sie…
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< JAAZIAII 721 JABBOK any other passage. In Numb, xxi, 24, where tne pres- ent Hebrew text has T? (A. V. " strong"), the Sept. has put 'Ias»/p. Burckhardt, in travelUng from Es-Salt to Heshbon, passed the last-named-above ruined town, call- ed .Sir, situated on the side of a hill, and immediately below it was the s…
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" The stream is important in a geographical point of view, and a knowledge of its topography helps us to understand more easily some passages of Scripture. It was the boundary between the Amorites and the Am- monites. We are told that after the defeat of Sihon, king of the Amorites, at Jazer, 'Israel possessed his land…
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were slain by the PhiUstines in Mount Gilboa (1 Sam. xxxi, 8), the men of Jabesh-gilead came by night and took down their corpses from the walls of Bethshan, where they had been exposed as trophies, then burned the bodies, and buried the bones luider a tree near the city, observing a strict funeral fast for seven days …
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Ja'bin (Heb. Yabin', V^^, discerner ; Sept. 'laji'iQ [v. r. 'Ia/3ij', but 'lajStiv in Psa. Ixxxiii, 9], Josephus 'lafilvoQ, A nt. v, 5, 1), the name of two khigs of the Ca- naanitish city Hazor. See Hazor. It was possibly a royal title, like Agag among the Amalekites, and Abim- elech among the Philistines. 1. A king o…
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JABLONSKI 724 JABNEH count Zinzendorf for the episcopal office. At the jn- stance of the queen, he was honored as earlj- as 1706 with the deijree of doctor of divinity. Jabloiiski trans- lated into Latin the eight discourses of Eichard Bentley against Atheism, the treatise of Joseph Woodward on the religious societi…
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limit of Palestine along the eastern bounds of Naphtali to the Jordan proper. It is perhaps the village Ja'uneh, visited by Dr. Robinson, on the declivity of the western mountain south of Lake Huleh,with a wady containing a small stream on the south of the village, and a few ruins of the Jewish type {Later Researches, …
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Jabruda ('lafSpovSci), a city of Palestine mention- ed by Ptolemy (v, 15), and as an episcopal city by St. Paidn {Geogr. Sucr. p. 294) ; now Yebrud, a village, but still the seat of a bishop ; rather more than an hour to tlie west of the great caravan road from Damascus to Homs, nearly midway between these two cities (…
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JACKAL (26 JACKSON Eisteiu Jicki which resembles that of the wolf. The color of the • body is yellowish-gray above, whitish below ; the back and sides sometimes of mixed gray and black ; the shoulders, thighs, and legs uniformly tawny-yellow. The tail is round, projecting, and reaching hardly to the heel. The eyes …
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Jackson, Arthur, an English Nonconformist di- vine, was born in Suffolk in 1593. He studied at Trin- ity College, Cambridge, became lecturer, and afterwards minister of St. Michael's, Wood Street, London. Subse- quently he received the living of St. P'aith's, but was ejected for nonconformity in 1662, and died in 1666.…
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Jackson, William (l),born in 1732, was one of the earliest ministers of the Reformed (Dutch) Church in New Jersey. He began his studies for the ministry with the Rev. John Frelinghuysen, whose daughter he married in 1757. The church at Bergen, N. J., which was the first of any denomination in the state, had exist- ed n…
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As the boys grew, Jacob appeared to partake of the gentle, quiet, and retiring character of his father, and was accordingly led to prefer the tranquil safety and pleasing occupations of a shepherd's life to the bold and daring enterprises of the hunter, for which Esau had an irrcsistilile predilection. The latter was h…
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Punishment soon ensued to all the parties to this in- iquitous transaction (see Jarvis, Church of the Redeemed, p. 47). Fear seized the guilty Jacob, who is sent by his father, at the suggestion of Rebekah, to the original seat of the family, in order that he might find a wife among his cousins, the daughters of his mo…
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Levi Spring, 1917 Jndah Bes^inning 1916 Dan Spring, 1916 Naphtali Spring, 1915 Gad Summer, 1915 Issachar Beginning 1914 Spring, 1914 Asher 10 Zebulon Fall, 1914 11 Dinah Summer, 1913 Joseph Fall. 1913 Jacob's polygamy is an instance of a patriarchal prac- tice quite repugnant to Christian morality,…
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cing towards his brother with such a force. The news of Jacob's reappearance in Canaan, and that no longer as a dependant upon others, but as possessed of ample means and a considerable retinue, awoke into fresh ac- tivity the slumbering revenge of Esau, and led him, on the spur of the moment, to resolve on bringing th…
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This mysterious wrestling has been a fruitful source of difficulty and misinterpretation (see Hofmann, Varia (S'acra, 185 sq. ; Heumann, *S^/foi7. ffe. i, 147 sq.). The narrator did not, we think, intend it for the account of a dream or illusion (see Ziegler in Henke's Nat. Mug. ii, 29 sq. ; Hengstenberg, Bileam, p. 51…
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JACOB Its credibility against all that the enemy ean do. The passage, too," with others recently cited, strongly proves how much the character of the patriarch had improved. In the whole of the latter part of Jacob's life he seems to have gradually parted with many less desirable qual- ities, and to have become at onc…
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The example of Jacob is quoted by the first and the last of the minor prophets. Hosea, in the latter days of the kingdom, seeks (xii, 3, 4, 12) to convert the de- scendants of Jacob from their state of alienation from God by recalling to their memory the repeated acts of God's favor shown to their ancestor. Malachi (i,…
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ger, Talmud. Worterb. s. v.). In the Koran he is often mentioned in conjunction with the other two patriarchs (chap, ii, and elsewhere). See Mohajimedanism. JACOB also occurs in certain poetical and conven- tional phrases, borrowed from the relations of the patri- arch to the theocracy and state. " God of Jacob," 2p?.…
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Jacob OF HuxGARV, surnamed the ^^aster, a fa- natic and adventiu-er, and the chief of tlic Pastoureaux or Shepherds, is supposed to have been a native of Hungary, though nothing definite is known as to his origin. In his youth he joined the Cistercian order, but is said to have afterwards embraced Islamism : this, how…
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Jacob OF London, a Jewish Rabbi who flourished in England at the opening of the 13th century, was ap- pointed by king John, at the commencement of his reign, when yet friendly to the Jews, and uninfluenced by the diabolical exertions of the Koman prelate Ste- phen Langton, as chief Rabbi of England (" presbytera- tus o…
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JACOB 737 JACOB 269). He died about 338. As a writer, Jacob of Nisi- | third he returns to the East, and, beginning with the bis hartlly gained distinction; his authorship is even questioned by many. A number of works are attributed to him, but under his name are preserved only an Ar- menian translation of a letter…
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Jacob DE VoRAGiNE, archbishop of Genoa, and au- thor of the Legenda aurea, was born at Viraggio, near Genoa, in 1230. He joined the preaching friars at Ge- noa in 1244, and became provincial of the order for Lom- bardy in 1267. For services rendered to the Church and to his order in different circumstances, he was fina…
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(IMlCIIAKL). (J.H.W.) Jacob ben-Asheri bks-Jechiet. hen-Uri ben- Eliakim ben-Jeuudah, also called Baal Ila-Turiiri, after his celebrated ritual M-ork, was born in Germany about A.D. 1280. At the age of eighteen lie was an eye-witness of the fearful massacres of his Jewish bretli- ren, which began in Bavaria April 20, …
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Jacob ben-Machir Tibbon. See Profiat. Jacob ben-Meier. See Tam. Jacob ben - Sheshet Gerundi, a celebrated Cabalist who flourished about the middle of the 13th century, deserves our notice because of his efforts to counteract the influence which some of the better edu- cated and more liberal-minded Jewish Rabbins of t…
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JACOB, HENRY 740 JACOBI 1757, 8vo). Of his other works, the most able are, per- haps, fTTin? ■'"'0' o" tlie Temple service, the sacrifice, etc. (Altona, i7-15-69, 8vo ; extract by S. Deutsch, Presb. 1835, 8vo):— D"^"?'^ V^^"' ^^'^^ P^""*^ "^ ^ S^eat work on the Jewish ritual G^tona, 1745, 8vo, and often) :— riSX 7?,…
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Bavarian system of finance made him many enemies, and he retired to liis estate at Pempelfort, near Diis- seldorf, where his hospitable nature soon gathered about him " celebrated guests from all quarters of the cultiva- ted world," and it was only natural that he should now continue his literary productions. Among oth…
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or its later form in Schellins's natural philosophy. . . . Jacobi did not despise reason ; he rather \)leaded for it ; but reason was not to him a faculty for the creation, dis- covery, or production of truth from itself. By reason he meant, according to the derivation of the word, that which perceives, the inmost and …
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Jacobites is the name by which the different com- munities in Syria, IMesopotamia, and Babylonia, who hold to the Monophysite doctrine, have been knov.-n since their union, about the middle of the 6tli century. See EuTYCHiANisji ; MoNOPHYSiTES. The most prominent party in accomplishing the union of these Monophy- sites…
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The doctrine of pta-ffafory they wholly ignore, though It is true they follow the Syrian custom in prayuie for their dead. ' ^ Descent. — Their origin they attempt to trace lineally from the first Hebrew Christians. Dr. Wolff {Jouriiu/, 1839) says, " They call themselves the B7iay Israel (the children of Israel), whos…
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The present condition of this sect is thus described by the Rev. George Percy Badger {Nestorians and their Rituals, i, 60) : " The present hierarchy of the Jacobites in Turkey consists of a patriarch, who claims the title of ' Patriarch of Antioch and successor of St. Peter,' ciglit metropolitans, and three bishops. Of…
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Jacquelot, Isaac, a French Protestant theologian, was bom at Vassy Dec. 16, 1647. He became a minis- ter in 1668, and was colleague of his father, the pastor of Vassy, until obliged to leave in consequence of the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. He resided first at Heidelberg, then (168G) at La Haye, where he became …
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of Jacco, shaves his head. See Knox, Description of Ceylon, pt. iv, ch. v ; Broughton, Biblioth. Hist. Sac. i, 499 ; Davy, A ccount of Ceylon, p. 1 18. (J. H. W.) Jad'dua (Heb. Yaddu'a, ^^I'^^jhioivn; Sept. 'leS- Sova,'IaSov,'Idova), the name of two men after the time of the Captivity. 1. One of the chiefs of the peo…
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Many have supposed that by this act she fullilled the saying of Deborah, that God would sell Sisera into the hand of a woman (Judg. iv, 9; Josephus, .-Iw^ v, 5, 4), and hence they have supposed that Jael was actuateil by some divine and hidden intluence. But the Bilile gives no hint of such an inspiration, and it is at…
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JAEL 146 JAGER ical exaltation of Jael be viewed in the light of these cognate passages, and it will be found to contain noth- ing at variance with the verdict wliich every impartial mind must be disposed to pronounce upon her conduct. It is, in reality, the work of God's judgment, through her instrumentahty, that i…
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Jagel, Abraham, an Italian Eabbi, flourished at Monselice ni the second half of the 16th and the first half of the 17th centurj'. He is distinguished as the author of an able Jewish catechism of doctrine and mor- als, Avhich he published under the title of S'li njrb (Venice, 1587, 8vo, and often). It was translated int…
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Jaguis are the hermits of the Banians, a sect in East India. There are three distinct classes of them : (1) the Van-aphrastas, (2) the San-jasiis, and (3) the Avadoutas. The Van-aphrastas live in forests, many of them married and having children, feeding on the herbs and fruits that grow wild ; but they scruple to plu…
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Jaha'za (Josh, xiii, 18) or Jaha'zah (Josh, xxi, 36 ; Jer. xlviii, 21). See Jahaz. Jahazi'ah (Heb. Yachzeyah', T\'^m^, beheld by Je- hovah; Sept. 'la'CictQ), son of Tikvah, apparently a priest, one of those deputed by Ezra to ascertain wliich of the Jews had married Gentile wives after the return from Babylon (Ezra x,…
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the books of Job, Jonah, Judith, and Tobit are didactic poems ; and that the d;emoniacs in the N. T. were pos- sessed with dangerous diseases, not with the devil, were made charges against him. In 1792 complaints of his unsoundness were laid before the emperor Francis II by cardinal Migazzi, which resulted in the api)o…
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Their peculiar doctrines are that "all objects, mate- rial or abstract, are arranged under nine categories, call- ed Tattivas (truths or jjrinciples), of which we need no- tice only the ninth and last, called Moksha, or liberation of the vital spirit from the bonds of action, i. e. final emancipation. In reference to i…
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them are red, two white, two blue, two black ; the rest are of a golden hue, or a yellowish-brown. The other two peculiarities are regulated by them with equal pre- cision, and according to a system of decrement, from Rishahhn, the first Jina, who was 500 poles in stature, and lived 8,400,000 great years, down to Mahav…
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3. A Benjamite, son of Shimei and father of Morde- cai, Esther's uncle (Esth. ii, 5). B.C. ante 598. 4. (Heb. Yair', niSi^ marg., but text YaiJr', "lISi^ ; perh. o?<'rtA-e; Sept. 'Ia£(p,Vulg. corruptly sa/?;<s.) The fiither of Elhanan, which latter slew the brother of Go- liath (1 Chron. xx, 5). In the parallel passag…
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Jamabo. See Yamabo. Jamaica, one of the largest islands of the West In- dies, was discovered by Columbus in 1494, and received in 1514 the name Isla de San Jago. In 1560 the native population had become nearly extinct. For a time Ja- maica remained under the administration of the de- scendants of Diego, the son of Col…
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brated Neoplatonic philosopher of the 4th century, was born at Chalcis, in Ccele-Sj-ria. What little we know of his life is derived from the works of Eunapius, a Soph- ist, whose love of the marvelous renders his testimony doubtful authority. He seems, however, to have studied under Anatolius and Porphyry, and resided …
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It has been conjectured (Drusius, Michaelis, Grimm, 1 Mace, ix, 36) that the original text was imi^X "^33, " the sons of the Amorites," and that the reference is to a family of the Amorites who had in early times occu- pied the tmvn Medeba (ver. 36), on the borders of Keu- ben (Numb, xxi, 30, 31).— Smith. James, or ra…
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JAMES 754 JAMES the same name given to them, an unprecedented over- sight that would produce continual confusion in the fam- ily ; besides, the law did not allow a man to be married to two sisters at the same time (Lev. xviii, 18), as Jo- seph in that case would have been ; nor would either of these objections be ob…
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3. James, the brother ov the Lord (o aSt\(p<)c Toii Kvpiov [Gal. i, 19]). Whether this .James is iden- tical with the son of Alphreus is a question which Dr. Neander pronounces to be the most difficult in the apos- tolic history; it may be well, therefore, to consider more particidarly under this head the arguments tha…
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13 was not the brother, but the father of Judas, ^midst this great disagreement of views (see in Winer's Realwur. s. V. .Tacobus ; Davidson's Inti-od. to the N. T. iii, 302 sq. ; Ibirne's Introduction, ndw ed. iv, 591, n. ; Princeton Re- ri( ir. Jan. isil.')), the most probable solution of the main qurstidu is that giv…
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lUOLS Wiai'INOS OK. JAMES, EPISTLE OF; said, according to Eusebius {r/ist. Eccles. ii, 23), to be the first of the so-called Cath- olic epistles ((ca^oXiKwi), as being addressed to classes of Christians rather than to individuals or particular communities. See Epistles, Catholic. I. A utkorship — As the writer simjil…
971 wordsSource & rights
Public-domain 19th-century biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical reference work; OCR text from Internet Archive. Historical scholarship and terminology reflect its era; OCR may contain errors. Verify quotations and current scholarly claims independently.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.