PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
McClintock & Strong Cyclopaedia — Volume 4
John McClintock & James Strong · 1,547,842 words · 1510 reading sections
Section 421
called by the Greek Church aKnoiofiivoi, and by the Latin audientes, " from their being admitted to hear ser- mons and the Scriptures read in the church ; but they were not allowed to stay during any of the prayers, not even during those that were said over the rest of the catechumens, or energumens, or penitents; but …
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II. Literature. — The inspired Scriptures, especially those of the New Testament, must ever be considered the primary and most valuable source of homiletical instruction. Patristic literature on this subject, as al- ready shown, is meagre and Iragmentarj'. Homiletical literature, in following ages, may be classified in…
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jMosheim, the Church historian of the middle of the 18th century, Avas also a celebrated preacher, and is re- garded as having introduced another homiletical e])och in Germany. His style Avas majestic and oratorical, similar to that of Tillotson in England, and Bourdaloue in France. By him it A\-as Avell applied to rel…
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Several valuable works on preaching have been pub- lished in England during the last thirty-five years. The following deserve mention: The Ministerial Character of Christ practically considered, by Charles R. Sumner, bishop of Winchester (London, 1824, 8vo); Apostolical Preaching considered, by John Bird Sumner, lord b…
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1. The true Idea of Preaching. — Preaching is an orig- inal and peculiar institution of Christianity. It was not derived from any pre-existing system. It had no proper counterpart even in Judaism, although a limitetl teaching office was committed to both the priests and prophets of the Jewish dispensation. See Prophet.…
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5. Style ami Qualities of Sermons. — It is due to the dignity of Christian truth that the words in which it is uttered shoidd be well chosen and fitly arranged. Hence the general qualities of a good style, such as purity, precision, perspicuity, unity, and strength, should be re- garded as of primary and absolute neces…
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HOMILIARE 319 HOMILY evang. nomilet. (Lpz. 1847, 8vo) ; Schweizer (A.), Hom- ilet. d. evanr/.-prot. Kirche (Lpz. 1848, 8vo) ; Baur (Gus- tav,) Gnmdzuge d. llomikt. (Giessen, 1848, 8vo) ; Gaupp (K. F.), Pract. Theol. (Berl. 1848, 1852, 2 vols. 8vo; vol. ii,pt. i, Ilomiletics); Lutz (J.),Handbuch d. Kathol. Kan- zdhen…
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Homilius, Gottfried August, one of the most celebrated German organists and Church composers of the 18th century, was born at Rosenthal Feb. 2, 1714. In 1742 he became organist at the " Frauenkirche" at Dicsden, and in 1755 was promoted musical director. He died June 1, 1785. Among his published musical works those con…
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4. In England, homilies were early in use in the An- glo-Saxon Church. iElfric, archbishop of Canterbury', who, after Alfred, ranks first among the Anglo-Saxon vernacular writers, finding that but few persons of his day (latter part of the 10th century) could read the Gospel doctrines, as they were written in the Latin…
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6. For the Clementine Homilies, see Clementines; and on the points above given, see Schmidt, Die Ilomilie (Halle, 1827, 8vo) ; Augusti, Denhviirdiffk. a. d. chrisil. Archdol. vi, 2G6 sq. ; Schiine, Geschichtiiforsch. iiber die Kircld. Gehr. i, 74 sq. ; ii, 226-53 ; De concionibus ve- tenini, in Hoornbeck's MiscellaiuB …
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Honert, Joiiann van den, a distinguished Dutch divine, v.as born near Dortrecht Dee. 1 , 1693. His early- years were spent in military service, but on his father's accession to a professor's chair in the University of Ley- den he decided to follow a literary- life, and, after lour years of studv, he became a candidate …
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Honey Avas not permitted to be offered on the altar (Lev. ii, 11). As it is coupled Avith leaA-en in this pro- hibition, it Avoidd seem to amount to an interdiction of things sour and SAvect. Aben Ezra and others allege that it Avas because honey partook of the fermenting natiu-e of leaA-en, and Avhen burnt yielded an …
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ion, to a scheme of ethics founded on utility, its place is soon cliallenged by the spirit of iionois. I'aley, who de- grades the spirit of honor into a mere club-law among the higher classes, origijiating in seltisli convenience, and enforced by tlie penalty of excommunication from the society which liabit had rendere…
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Honorius, an archbishop of Canterbury' in 627. He instituted parishes in England ; but litte is known of his life and works. He died in 653. Honorius of Autux QAitgristodunensis), surnamed " the Solitary-," a scholastic theologian of the first half of the 11th century, is generally supposed to have been born in France…
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dispute which really cUd not affect the substance of the Catholic doctrine. IMisled, it is alleged, by this statement of Sergius, Honorius consented, and even expressed himself in language which would appear to condemn the doctrine of two wills in Christ, After his death, attempts were made at Rome to exculpate his mem…
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Honoriu.s II {Peter Cadolaus}, Antipope, was elect- ed in 1061, through the influence of Henry IV, in oppo- sition to Alexander II, who had been chosen by the cardinals -ivithout his assent. The election took place in a council convened at Basle, and Honorius afterwards went to Rome. The German bishops, however, un- de…
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Honorius, Bartiiolojiew, a Prremonstratist, who flourished in the second half of the 16th century, was born at Eerfel, in Brabant, became canon at Floreffe, near Naumur, later preacher at Helmont, and finally, being persecuted by the Cahdnists, went to Rome. He wrote Admonitio adfratres inferioris Germanice (Her- zoge…
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Hood (^■'3^, tsaniph'), a tiara round the head, spoken of a female head-band (Isa. iii, 23) ; elsewhere rendered " diadem," e. g. a man's turban (Job xxix, 14) ; the high-priest's " mitre'' (Zech. iii, 5) ; the king's crown (Isa. Ixii, 3, marg.). See Head-dress, etc. HOOD (Saxon hod; comp. Germ, hut, hat), borrowed fr…
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HOOK 328 HOOK absolute control over Sennacherib by an allusion to the practice of leading buffaloes, camels, tb-omedaries, etc., by means of a cord, or of a cord attached to a ring, pass- ed through the nostrils (Shaw, Travels, p. 167-8, 2d ed.). Such a rmg is oftentimes placed through the nose of a bull, and is lik…
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4. nS^, tsinnah' (lit. thorri), & fish-hook (Amos iv, 2; elsewhere a shield). See Fishing, etc. ; Angle. In the same verse, nT'p, siroth', " fish-hooks," where both Sept. and Vulg. seem to have taken "I'^D in the sense of a pot or caldron instead of a fish-hook. See Caldron. 5. S^Tp, mazleg' (1 Sam. ii, 13, 14), "fle…
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Hooker, Asahel, a Congregational minister, was bom in Bethlehem, Conn., Aug. 29, 1762. He gradua- ted at Yale College in 1789, and was installed pastor at Goshen in September, 1791. This charge he resigned on account of ill healtli Jmie 12, 1810. After preaching in various pulpits, he became pastor of Chelsea parish, N…
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Hooker, Thomas, an eminent Congregational minister, was born July 7, 1586, at Marfield, Leicester- shire, Eng. He was successively student and professor at Emanuel College, Cambridge. After preaching a short time in London, he settled in 1626 at Chelmsford as assistant minister. In 1630 he was silenced hj arch- bishop …
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HOORNBEEK 331 HOPE chard (George), Hist, of Comjreijationalism (N. Y. 1865, 2 vols. 12mo), ii, 194 sq., 297. Hoornbeek, Johann, a distinguishcil Dutch divine, was bom at Harlem Nov. 4, 1G17. He entered the min- istry at Cologne in 1639, and was appointed to Utrecht as minister and professor of theology in 1644. In …
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(2.) " One scriptural mark," says Wesley, " of those who are born of God, is hope. Thus St. Peter, speaking to all the children of God who were then scatterecl abroacl, saith, ' Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, which, according to his abundant mercy, hath begotten us again unto a lively hope' (I …
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Hoph'ra (Heb. Chophra', ^'^t'H; Sept. Ova<Ppij [compare Clem. Alex. Strom, i, 143], Vulg. Ephrec), or PiiAP.AOii-HoPiiRA, king of Egypt in the time of Zed- ekiah, king of Judah, and of Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon. B.C. 588. He formed alliance with the for- mer against the latter, and his advance with an Egyp- tian …
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Hopkins, Daniel, D.D., a Congregational minis- ter, was born Oct. 16, 1734, at Waterbury, Conn., and I graduated at Yale College in 1758. After being licensed, HOPKINS 333 HOPKINS he preached in Halifax, K S., a sliort time. In 1775 he was chosen member of the Provincial Congress, and in 1778 one of the Council of …
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Hopkins, Samuel, D.D., a noted Calyinistic divine, was born at Watorbury. Conn., Sept. 17, 1721, and was at once set apart l>y his fatlu-r for the ministry of the Gospel. He entered Yale College in September, 1737. During his coUegiate course the town of New Haven was stirred by the preaching of AVhitelield and Gilbert…
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It is not, however, as a philanthropist, but as a the- ologian, that Hopkins is generally known. In his ex- treme indigence he writes : " I have been saved from anxiety about living, and have had a thousand times less care and trouble in the world than if I had had a great abundance. Being unconnected with the great an…
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The character and TN-ritings of Dr. Hopkins have re- cently been depicted for general readers in a very strik- ing way in Sirs. Stowe's 31inister's Wooing. See also Conf/regat.Qnar.Iiev.l8C)4,\).l sq.; Hagenbach, //wfor/y ofboctr. ii, 436,438; Shedd,i/iV. of Doctr. i, 883,408; ii, 26, 81, 489 ; Buchanan, Justification,…
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The mountain now identified with Mount Hor is the most conspicuous in the whole range of Jlount Seir, and at this dav bears the name of Mount Aaron (Jtbel-J/a- run). It "is in N. lat. 30= 18', E. long. 35^ 33', about midway between the Dead Sea and the ^lanitic Gidf. It may be open to question if this is really the Mou…
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the Kaaba at Mecca, and which, like that, would appear to be the object of great devotion (Martineau, p. 419 sq.). The chief interest of IVIount Hor will always consist in the prospect from its summit — the last view of Aaron — " that view which was to him what Pisgah was to his brother" (Ortlob, De Morte Aaronis, IJps…
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Hoiae Canonicee, etc. See Bkeviary ; Hours, Canonical; etc. Ho'ram (B.cb. Horam', li'lh, lo/fi/ ; Sept. 'Qprf/x V. r. 'EXufi, AtXctn), the king of Gezer, who, coming to the relief of Lachish, was overthrown by Joshua (Josh. x,33). B.C. 1G18. HorapoHo, or Horns Apollo, an Egyptian priest, and author of a treatise on E…
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HOREB 338 HORJVIAH of the remonstrances of the ministers. He was arrested for this conduct in 1G99, and became partially insane. He recovered, however, towards the close of the year 1700, and, by the interposition of his friends, he was granted a pension in 1708, which was continued until his death, August 5, 1729. …
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3. (Gen. xxxvi, 30.) See Hokite, Ho'rim (Deut. ii, 12, 22). See Hokite. Ho'rite (Heb. Chori', i^ilPI or "inh, prop, the same word as Hori ; but, according to Fiirst, noble; often with the art. '^"''^'!?)> ^ designation (both singly and collectively) of the people who anciently inhabited Mount Seir, before their supers…
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1. Trumpets were probably at first merely horns per- forated at the tip, sucli as are still used upon mountain- farms for calling home the laborers at meal-time. If the A. V. of Josh, vi, 4, 5 (" rams' horns," ^^TJl "'^i?) were correct, this would settle the question [see Ra.m's Horn] ; but the fact seems to be that ^n…
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HORIf 340 HORN Hair of South Afiicaus oraamented with Buffalo-horns. ^Livingstoue.) Frag, cxiv), and the conical cap observed by Dr. Liv- ingstone among the natives of S. Africa, and not im- probably suggested by the horn of the rhinoceros, so abundant in that country (see Livingstone's T?-avels, p. 3C5, 450, 557 ;…
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(2.) Ornamental. — In the East, at present, homs are used as an ornament for the head, and as a token of em- inent rank (Eosenmliller, Morg. iv, 85). The women among the Druses on Mount Lebanon wear on their heads silver horns of native make, '■ which are the dis- tinguishing badge of wifehood" (Bowring's Report on Syr…
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Home, John, a Nonconformist divine, born in 1G15, was eihicatcd at Trinity College, Cambridge. He be- came successi\'ely vicar of Allhallows, Ljmn, Regis, and finally Norfolk in 1647. He was ejected for nonconfor- mity in 1002, and died in 1070. "He was a learned man, of most exemplary and primitive piety, very ready i…
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Horneck, Anthonv, D.D., an English divine, was born at Baccharack, in the Lower Palatinate, in 1641. He studied at Heidelberg and at Leyden, and finally went to England, and entered Queen's College, Oxford, at the age of nineteen. Two years after he became tu- tor to lord Torrington, who gave him the living of Doulton,…
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(1(;22) : Institutiones loyicce (1623) ■.—Compendium dia- krliac succindiim (1623; 12th ed. lV>6(j) •.—Compeiulium Mslorl'Z eccles. (1649) : — Commentar z. Hehrder uml den Kntholisckm Brirfiii (1654) : — CompeiuHum theolof/iw (Rrunsv.-. 1 G55). — Fierer, Unieersal-Lexikon, \'m, 542; Ilcrzog, Fral-Juici/khp. vi, 265; G…
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Horologion (wpoXoyior, literally a dial) is the ti- tle of one of the " oflice-books" of the orthodox Ea.stcni Church. It contains the daily hours of prayer, so far as respects their immovable portions, and answers in a measure to the Oficiutn Ilebdomadm which is found at the opening of each volume of the breviary of t…
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earth [by fieetness] ; Nor can he stand still wheu the sound of the trumpet [is heard] : As oft [as the] trumpet [sounds], he will say, "Aha !" For from alar he can scent [the battle], The thuuder of the captains and shouting. So, again, the bride advances with her charms to an im- mediate conquest " as a comjiauy of h…
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Ancient Egyptian Horse. ||Ezekiel imported horses themselves from Togarmah or lenia (Ezek. xxvii, 14). The Jewish kings sought the assistance of the Egyptians against the Assyrians in this respect (Isa. xxxi, 1 ; xxxvi, 8; Ezek. xvii, 15). The Canaanites were possessed of them (Deut. xx, 1 ; Josh, xi, 4 ; Judg. iv, 3 ;…
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It appears that the horse was derived from High Asia, and was not indigenous in Arabia, Syria, or Egypt (Jardine's Nciiiiralisfs Library, yo\. xii), where his con- geners the zebra, quagga, and ass are still found in primitive freedom, although the horse is found in all parts of the world— free, it is true, but only as…
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supposes that sheol and the grave are the two daughters of Alukah or Destiny ; each cries " give" at the same moment— the former asks for the soul, and the latter for the body of man in death ; both are insatiable, for b(jth involve all mankind iu one common ruin. He further tliinks that both these are called daughters…
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by a single leech Kitto ; Smith ; Bastow. The mechanism by which the leech is enabled to gratify its greedy thirst for blood is highly cinious. The throat is spacious, and capable of being everted to a great de- gree. The front border of the mouth is enlarged so as to form a sort of upper lip, and this com- bines with…
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ism in England. The tide of preferment now liegan to flow in upon him. Thurlow, who was then chancellor, presented him with a prebendal stall in the church of Gloucester, observing, as it is said, that " those who de- fended the Church ought to be supported by the Church ;" and in 1788 he was made bishop of St. David's…
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Horus {'Qpog), the Egj'ptian god of the sim, gen- erally written in hieroglyphics by the sparrow-hawk, and represented with a bird's beak. The old derivation from the Hebrew aur, light, is now recognised as incor- rect. As an Egyptian divinity he is mentioned generally as the son of Isis and Osiris, and brother of Buba…
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4. HoRWiTZ (Sabbafai Schef tet). son of the preced- ing, was Kabbi of Frankfort, then of Posen, and finally of Vienna, where he died about 1658. He is the author of three Hebrew works, the first entitled A Treatise on JMorals, in six parts, ser\ing as an introduction to his father's work, rii'nan nin^lb "131:3, and pri…
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HOSE 852 HOSEA T. ""iJ"'). — Smith. Monographs on this ejaculation have been written in Latin by Biiidrini (Ros. 1671), Nothdurfft (Brunsw. 1713), Pfaif (Tubingen, 1789), "Winzer (Lips. 1677-78, 1703), Bucher (Zittav. 1728), Wemsdorf (Viteb. 1765), Zopf (Lips. 1703). See Hallel. HOSANNA. Tlie early Christian Church…
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2. Time. — There is no reason, with De Wette, Mau- rer, and Hitzig, to doubt the genuineness of the present superscription, or, with Rosenmiiller and Jahn, to sup- pose that It may have been added by a later hand — though the last two writers uphold its authenticity. These first and second verses of the prophecy are so…
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IV.— Z sor, Pekahiah, wore the crown but two years, when he was murdered by Pekah. Pekah, after swaying his bloody sceptre for twenty years (B.C. 757-737), met a similar fate in the conspiracy of Hoshea; Hoshea, the last of the usurpers, after another interregnum of eight years, ascended the throne (B.C. 729), and his…
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But in whichever way this question may be solved — whether these occurrences be regarded as a real and ex- ternal transaction, or as a piece of spiritual scenery, or only (\Mtsii Miscell. Sac. p. 90) as an allegorical de- scription— it is agreed on all hands that the actions are typical ; that they are, as Jerome calls…
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i;. />ir/.<inii of the Book. — Kecent writers, such asBer- thdldr, lliihhorn, De Wette, Stuck, Maurer, and Hitzig, have laljored much, but in vain, to divide the book of Hosea into separate portions, assigning to each the pe- riod at ^I'hich it was written ; but from the want of suf- ficient data the attempt must rest …
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HOSEIN 356 HOSHEA Dathe, Dissertatio [on Aquila's vers, of H.] (Lips. 1757 ; also in Opmc. Lips. 179G) ; Happach, Exposifio [on cer- tain passages] (Gobi. 17G6 sq., 8vo); Struensee, Uebers. (Frankf. and Lpz. 1769, 8vo); 'Neide,Coinmenta?-i/ (Lond. 1771, 8vo) ; Michaelis, Chaldaica [Jonathan's Targuin] (Gott. 1775, 4…
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(Prideaux, i, 16). But he did not become established on the throne he had thus usurped till after an interreg- num of warfare for eight years, namely, in tlie twelfth year of Ahaz (2 Kings xvii, 1), i. e. B.C. 729-8. " He did evil in the sight of the Lord," but not in the same degree as his predecessors (2 Kmgs xvii, 2…
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Hosius, Stanisi,aus, a distinguished Eomish the- ologian of Poland, of German origin, was born at Cracow May 5, 1504. He studied at Padua and Bologna, and obtained, on his return to Poland in 1538, a canonry. He Avas afterwards made secretary' to the king, and, in 1549, l)ishop of Culm. He was intrusted by the king wit…
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Hospital, :Miciiael de L'. See Hopitai.. Hospitality (^tXo^evia). .The practice of receiv- ing strangers into one's house and giving them suitable entertainment may be traced back to the early origin of human societj'^. It was practiced, as it stiU is, among the least cultivated nations (Diod. Sic. v, 28, 34 ; Caesar,…
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The guest, whoever he might be, was, on his appear- ing, invited into the house or tent (Gen. xix, 2 ; Exod. ii, 20 ; Judg. xiii, 15 ; xix, 21). Courtesy dictated that no improper questions should be put to him, and some daj-s elapsed before the name of the stranger was asked, or what object he had in view in his journ…
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Flanders in 1015; tlie Hospitallers of the Order ofP.eth- k'hemites (([.v.), in Kjau ; and a number of congregations of the third order of St. Francis, which arose in the Hth century, some are still in existence. The dress of the hospitalh rs was a black robe or cloak, on the breast of wbirh was worn a white cross, wit…
725 wordsSource & rights
Public-domain 19th-century biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical reference work; OCR text from Internet Archive. Historical scholarship and terminology reflect its era; OCR may contain errors. Verify quotations and current scholarly claims independently.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.