PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
McClintock & Strong Cyclopaedia — Volume 4
John McClintock & James Strong · 1,547,842 words · 1510 reading sections
Section 361
genuine nor authentic; and he has since followed it up by hia Histoire de VEylise de Rome sous Us I'ontiiiriits de iSt. Victor, St. Zephyrin, et St. Callistc (Paris, i «.",(•.). He has also published an elegant edition of (he I'hilnso- phoumena, -with Latin version, notes, and indexes (Par. 18()1, 8vo). The best editio…
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than of the next chapter, saw nothing but mystical rep- resentations of the de^^l : others, again, have here pic- tiu-ed to themselves some hieroglyphic monster that has no real existence ; but these wild imaginations are sur- passed by that of Bolducius, who in the behemoth actu- ally beholds Christ !" The following …
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Hippopotamus AmphihitiS. It has been said that some parts of the description in Job camiot apply to the hippopotamus: (1.) The 20th verse, for instance, where it is said "the mountains bring him forth food." This passage, many writers say, suits the elephant well, but cannot be apjilied to < hr- hip- popotamus, which…
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Hi'ram (\leh.Chii-am','0'^''T\, high-born; generally written '• Huram," DTin, Chiiram', in Chron., and " Hi- rom," wTT^n, Chirom,' in 1 Icings v, 10, 18; vii, 40; Sept. Xsipcqi or Xipai^i ; Joseph. E'(pa/.iog and EVpw/iot,), the name of three men. 1. HuitAM (Sept. makes two names, 'Axipciv Kctl 'Iioi/i), the last name…
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Some have regarded this Hiram as a different person from the friend ol' David, since Josephus states that the Temple was built in the twelfth year of the reign of the Tyrian king who aided Solomon in the work (Apion, i, 17 sq. ; the eleventh, according to Ant. xiii, 3, 1); but this is probably only by a computation of …
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Hirmologion (fin/foXi'iyio)'), a collection of hi/iiioi; also the exaltation of the Panaghia (q. v.) in the Greek 5^^ HIRMOS 274 HIRSCHEB Church (Neale, Mst. of the Eastern Church, p. 890). See HiRMOS. Hirmos, or rather Irjios (elpfiog, a series) is the name of a strophe in a Greek hjTnn. " The model of succeedi…
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HIRT 275 HISTORY <i (ibid. 1757, 8vo) : Sdlomos (ibid. 1768, 1770,8vo):— CrtCTi- 7 -.'-1776, 8 vols. 8vo : trnclitungen iiber sammtliche tonntdgl.Epistehi (Freiburg, 1880-18G2, 2 vols.) :—I)as Lehen Marice (oth edit. Freib. 1865). He took a special interest in the education of poor and abandoned cliildren, himself …
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Histories, a name applied to anthems composed either out of Scripture or from lives of the saints. — Wal- cott, tSacred A rchxeol. p. 312. History, in its modern sense, is hardly a term that expresses the conception of the sacred writers, who nev- ertheless have given us invaluable materials for its con- struction. Th…
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Withiiut writing, history, ()roperly so called, can have no existence. Under the head Wiuting we sliall trace the early rudiments and progress of that important art: here we merely remark that an acquaintance with it was possessed by the Hebrews at least as earh' as their Exo- dus from Egypt— a fact which shows at leas…
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The subject-matter contained in the Biblical history is of a wide and most extensive nature. In its greatest lengtli and fullest meaning it conies down from the cre- ation of tlie world till near the close of the 1st centurj' of the Christian a;ra. thus covering a space of some 4000 years. The books ]iresentiug this lo…
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History, Church. Src EccLiisiAsncAL Hisro- nv. History of Doctrines. See Doctiunes, His- ToitY or. Histriomastix is the name of a book written in 1663 by William Prynne, a Puritan barrister, against plays, masks, dancing, etc. It is a thick quarto of 1006 pages, and abounds with learning and curious quota- tions. The…
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Hitt, Daniel, a Methodist Episcopal minister of considerable eminence, was born in Fauquier Countv, Va., entered the itinerancy in 1790, became the travel- ling companion of bishop Asbury in 1807, and in 1808 was elected by the General Conference one of the agents of the ]\Iethodist Book Concern, the duties of which of…
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HiVITK. From several of the above notices we learn that the original seat ofthe Hittites, the city of Hebron, was found- ed by one Arba ofthe Anakim, whence its earlier name, and had inhabitants of that giant race as late as Joshua's time. It is also connected with Zoan in Egypt, and is said to have been built seven y…
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Solomon subjected the remaining Hittites to the same tribute of bond-service as the other remnants of the Ca- naanitish nations (1 Kings ix, 20). Of all these the Hit- tites appear to have been the most important, and to have been tnuler a king of their own ; for " the kings of the Hittites" are, in 1 Kings x, 29, coup…
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I Carchemish being placed in it, as we shall show in a later part of this article. The territory of these Hit- tites, therefore, lay in the valley of the Orontes. It probably extended towards the Euphrates, for the Kne- TA are also connected with neharena, or Mesopotamia, not the XAHiRi of the cuneiform inscriptions, b…
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The I'vgyptian monuments furnish ns with the follow- ing additional Hittite names: tarakanunasa, kama- KT, TARKATATASA (au ally?), KHERAPSARA, SCribc of books of the khbta, pesa, tetara, krabctusa, aak- jiA (an ally?), sa.marus, tatara, matrema, brother of [the king of] the khcta, rabsununa (an ally?), Ti.'ATASA (an …
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2. We lirst encounter the actual people of the Hivites at the time of Jacob's return to Canaan. Shechem was then (according to the current Hebrew text) in their possession, Hamor the Hivite being the " prince (N''i:J3) of the land" (Gen. xxiv, 2). The narrative of the trans- action of Jacob, Avhen he bought the " parce…
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5. There are few Hivite names recorded in Scrip- ture. Hamor, " the he-ass," was probably an honorable HIZKIAH 283 PIOAG name, Shecliem, " shoulder," " back," may also be in- dicative of strength. Such names are suitable to a [ primitive people, but they are not sufticieutly numerous or cliaracteristic for us to be…
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Hoadley, John, LL.D.. youngest son of bishop Hoadley (q. v.). was liorn in 171 1, and educated at Cam- bridge. He edited the works of his father, and \\Tote himself a number of poems, among ivhich are Love's Be- venge, a pastoral (1737, 4to) : — .lephtha, an oratorio (1748, 8vo) -.—Force of Truth, oratorio (1764), and …
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1657. He has usually been identified with Jethro (see Exod. xviii, 5, 27, compared with Numb, x, 29, 30) ; but it is rather his father Keuel to whom the title " Moses's father-in-law" is intended to apply in Numb, x, 29; for that these two latter were names of the same person, and that the father of Moses's wife, seems…
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Hobart, Noah, a Congregational minister, was born at Hingham Jan. 12, 1706. He graduated at Harvard College in 1724, and was ordained pastor of the First Congregational Church at Fairfield, Connecticut, Feb. 7, 1733. About this time a controversy arose in the East- ern States respecting the Episcopalians, in which Ho- …
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In philosophy He)bbes was the precursor of the mod- ern materialistic schools of Sensationalism and Positiv- ism. Professing to reject "ever\-thing hypothetical (of ail qualitatum nrni/tnruiii), he affected to confine himself to the comprehensible, or, in other words, to the phenom- ena e)f motion and sensation. He def…
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Hobhouse, Sir Benjamin, was bom in 1757, and educated at Oxford for the bar. From 1797-1818 he was a distinguished member of the House of Commons, and filled other important stations. He died in 1831. His name is mentioned here on account of his Treatise on Heresy (Lond. 1792, 8vo), and his Reply to the Rev. F. I!(nido…
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,hlinii,li;,i ,1,1 I nianice Rectores s. Maffistra- tii.-i ill- iliini ju r.'id-, .sv'c diiiiir. I'ietistarum (without year or date ).— Hurst's Hagenbach, CA. Hist, nf the \Sth and IDlk Centuries, i, 167-8 ; Adelung's Jocher, Gelehrt. Lex. Add. ii, 2029-2030 ; Fuhrmann, lldicrtrb. d. Kirchenr/esch. ii, 318 ; Herzog, …
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HODEGETRIA 288 IIODY ling, Vorles. ub. d. Methode d. akadem. Siudiums (3d edit. Tubingen, 1832) ; Scheidler, Grundr. d.Jl. o. Methodik d. akadem. Stud. (3d ed. Jena, 1847).— Kriig, Phil. Lex. v, 1, 531 ; Danz, U7iiv. Wort. d. iheol. Lit. p. 401 ; JJib. Sue. i, 179. See Introduction. Hodegetria (OcijyTjTpia, the f/u…
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Hodheilids, an heretical sect of the Mohamme- dans, who believe that the saints live in Paradise in an undisturbed quiet. See Mohammedanism. Hodi'ah (f^^'7'^'^) the same as Hodijah [q. v.]), the wife of Mered (Sept. )) 'l^ovia ; Alex. IMS. 'lovlaia'), and the mother of Jered, and Heber, and Jekuthiel (1 Chron. iv, 19)…
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Hoel, bishop of Mans in the 13th centurs-, made himself quite conspicuous by the part which lie took for the English in the revolt of the nobility of Mans against them after the death of WDliam the Conqueror. He suffered imprisonment, and after the accession of Hugo was even obliged to seek a refuge in England. But we …
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Hoffbauer, Clemens Maria, a Roman Catholic, and the first Redemptorist (q. v.) in Germany, was born at Tasswitz, in Moravia, Sept. 26, 1751. His par- ents had intended him for the ministry, but the sudden death of his father left his mother in destitute circum- stances, and at the age of fifteen Hoffbauer was ap- prent…
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Hoffmann, Daniel, a Lutheran theologian, was born at HaUe 1540, and educated at the University of Jena. In 1576 he was made professor of theology at the University of Helmstadt. In the theological con- troversies of iiis day he took an active part, contend- HOFFMANN 291 HOFFMIER L ins against the Calvinistic theor…
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Hoffmannites. See Hoff.maxn, Melchior. Hoffmeier, Joiix Hi£SRY, a minister of the German Reformed Church, born at Anhalt-Cohten, Germany, March 17, 1760, was educated at the University of Halle. He spent some time as private tutor in Ham- burg; then went to Bremen, where he preached a I short time, and finally emigrat…
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Hog. See Boar; Swine. Hoge, James, D.D., a Presbyterian minister, was born at ^bmrlkld. Virginia, in 1784. He was educated chiefly by liis father, though he spent one year at an academy in Baltimore. He was licensed to preach Ajiril 17, 1805, was ordained in 1809, and Avas appointed mis- sionary to the State of Ohio b…
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■ xvii, 3). B.C. 1619. See also BETH-HoGL.ur. B Hogstraaten. See Hoogsthaaten. B Ho'ham (Hcb. Iloham', ^rfr^, prob. for cn-'n;', H whom Jehovah impels or confounds; Sept. Ai'Xn//, Vul- H gate Oham), the king of Hebron, who joined the league L against Gibeon, but was overthrown in battle by .Joshua and slain after…
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Holbach, Paul Henry Thiry, haron of, an infidel of the 18th century, was born at Heidelsheim, in the palatinate (now grand-duchy) of Baden, in 1723. He went to Paris at an early age with his father, who at liis death left him heir to a large fortune. Holbach's house became then the head-quarters of all the free- tliink…
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Holberg, Ludwig von, a Danish divine, was born Nov. 6, 1684, at Bergen, in Norway. He studied theolo- gy at Copenhagen L'niversity, and became a professor in that school. In 1735 he was elected rector of the L^ni- versity, and in 1737 treasurer. In 1747 the king cre- ated Holberg a baron on account of his literary ser\…
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Ar.ibone, Bictionarn of Authors, i, 863; Hocfor, Nouv. Bicxj. Generule, xxiv, 935. Holder, Wilhelji (also known as Frater Wilhel- mus de Stutgardia OrdiuisMinoru)n),a.W'\\Tiviu\nru; phi- losopher and theologian, was born at IMarbadi in 1512, and educated at Tiibingen. He distingnislicd himself especially l)y his great…
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Holds-wrorth (Hols-worth, Oldsworth, or Oldisworth), Richard, an English divine, was born in 1590, and educated at St. Jolm's College, Cambridge. Later he became a fellow of that university. In 1620 he was appointed one of the twelve preachers at Cam- bridge, was then called to St.Peter-le-Poor, London, and in 1629 was…
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The grounds of this sanctification, according to out- ward appearance, are twofold, viz. : (o) Holiness is given of God by the mediation of Christ, conditioned upon faith and an inward surrender, which are themselves likewise the gift of God. (h) Man from within, by a proper purification of the heart, may attain this s…
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HoijNESs, as a note of the Church. See Sanctity. HOLINESS OF GOD, his essential and absolute moral perfection. Primarily, the word hob/ (Sax. hall;,' ; Germ, heiliff, whole, sound) denotes perfection in a moral sense. As applied to man, it denotes entire conAirmity to the will of God. See Sanctification. " But when we…
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The earlier dogmatists of the Reformed Church large- ly discussed the question whether right is right because God wills it, or whether God vrills right because it is right. Some (e. g. Polanus) maintained the former view as the only one consistent with the absolute nature of God. The later writers maintain the opposite…
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Holiness, a title of the Pope, See Pope. Holkot, See Holcot, HOLLAND 299 HOLLAND Holland, also called The Netherlands, a king- dom ill Europe, has an area of 13,890 English square miles. Holland still owns extensive colonies in the East and West Indies, and in South America, which together make an area of about 08…
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Under various political vicissitudes, Ilollaiid remained henceforth a Protestant country. On the cstabliblinicnt of the Batavian republic in 1795, in consequence of the conquest of the country by France, Church and State were separated ; the constitution of the national Church remained, however, substantially as before…
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ed in 1859, 41,564. The churches are self-supporting, and independent of each otlier. The Moravians have two chiuches and four ministers. The Jews in 1859 numbered 03,890 souls. Among the religious societies of Holland the follow- ing are the most important: (1.) The Netherlands Bible Society, which had in 1867 a circ…
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Holland, Thomas, a celebrated English divine, born at Ludlow, in Shropshire, in 1539, was educated at Exeter College, Oxford. His broad and thorough schol- arshiil secured him the regius professorship at Oxford, and in this station "he distinguished himself so much by every kind of desirable attainment, divine or human…
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Hollingshead, Williajf, D.D., a Congregational minister, born at Philadelphia Oct. 8, 1748. was educated at the L'niversity of Pennsylvania in 1770, and entered the ministry in 1772. His first pastoral charge was at Fairfield, N. J. In 1783 he accepted a call from a church HOLLIS 302 HOLMES in Charleston, S. C. In …
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Holman, David, a Congregational minister, was born in Sutton, INIass., Dec. 13, 1777. He entered the sophomore class at Brown L'niversity in 1800, and grad- uated in 1803. He studied tlieology with his brother, the late Rev. Nathan Holman, of Attleborough, and Rev. Dr. Emmons, of Franklin, commenced preaching in Doug- …
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death he had pubUshed the book of Daniel, both accord- ing to the Sept, version and that of Theodution, the hit- ter (inly having been printed in former editions, bwause the translation of this book is not contained in the com- mon MSS., and was unknown till it was printed in 1772 from a MS. belonging to cardinal Chigi…
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Holste or Holstenius, Lucas, bom at Hamburg in 159G, was educated at the University of Leyden, and ranks as one of the first scholars of his time. Failing to secure a professorship, he travelled through Italy, England, and other countries, and settled at Paris, where he became acquainted with the distinguished Jesuits …
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Holy Catholic Church, the "congregation of faithfid men dispersed throughout the whole world." Some persons speak of this Church as if it were a visi- ble community, comprising all Christians as its mem- bers, as having existed from the earliest days, and as retaining the same authority which it formerly had to frame a…
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Holy Father. I. " The first person of the Trinity was represented as in Daniel's vision, vii, 3, and vested in a cope, and wearing a tiara. It was contrarj^ to our Lord's declaration (John vi, 46), and indefensible." — Walcott, Sac. Archaol. p. 312. II. A title of the pope (q. v.). Holy Fire, a ceremony in the Romish…
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tion of the Eastern and Western churches, continuing to the present time. The addition of the viovAfdioque to the creed of the Western Church first appears in the acts of the Synod of Braga (A.D. 412), and in the third Council of Toledo (A.D. 589). See Procter, On Common Prayer, p. 234; Harvey, History of the Three Cre…
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2. Proof of the Personality of the Spirit.—" The Holy Spirit is represented in the New Testament not only as different from the Father and Son, and not only as the personification of some attribute of God, or of some ef- fect which he has produced, but as a literal person (see Semler, Disj). Spiritum Sanctum rede descr…
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The scriptural argument is thus logically developed by Watson. " 1. The mode of the subsistence of the Holy Spirit in the sacred Trinity proves his personality. He proceeds from the Father and the Son, and cannot, therefore, be either. To say that an attribute proceeds and comes forth would be a gross absurdity. 2. ISI…
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ther and the Son, because he is not a Person ; but this is refuted both by the passage just quoted, and hj Psa. xxxiii, 6 : 'By the word of the Lord were the heavens made, and aU the host of them by the breath (Hebrew, Spirit) of his mouth.' This is farther confirmed by Job xxxiii, 4 : ' The Spirit of God hath made me,…
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(3.) " Three Persons, and three onh', are associated also, both in the Old and New Testament, as objects of suiireiiie worshiii, and form the one divine ' name.' Thus the fact that, in the vision of Isaiah, the Lord of hosts, ■who spake luito tlie prophet, is, in Acts xxviii, 25, said to be the Holy (Jhost, while John …
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See, besides the Avorks already cited, Hawker, Ser- mons on the Divinity of the Holy (,'host (Lond. 17114, 8vo); 0\\'en, Discomses on the Spirit ; Pye Smith, 0» the Holy Ghost (Loud. 1831, 8vo) ; Christian neriev, xvii, ol5 (on the. peisonality of the Spirit) ; Ncander, Histoi-y of Dog- mas, i, 171, 303 ; Neander, Ch. …
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Holy Land. See Palestine. Holy League. I. The name given to an offensive and defensive alliance contracted between the party of the Guises in France, king Philip II of Spain, the pope, the monks, and the French Parliament, in consequence of the edict of toleration of ]May 14, 1576. The object of the league was the ove…
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Holy Place. See Tabernacle ; Temple. Holy Places. See Hebron ; Jerusaleji ; Mec- ca; Palestine, etc. Holy Rood {rode or rod), " the name of the cross so often erected in churches." — Eadie, Eccles. Diet. p. 312. See Cross ; Rood. Holy-Rood Day, a festival on the 14th of Sep- tember to commemorate in churches the Exa…
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Holy-water Sprinkler, " the asperr/Ul, a brush for scattering holy water. A horrible Tudor mace, with radiating spikes, was called the morning star, or sprin- kler."—Walcott, Sacred Archceologij, p. 311. Holy-water Stock (i. e. pillar) or Stoup (i. e. bucket). A station- ary stone basin (any porous substance which cou…
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Holzhauser, Bartholomaus, founder of the or- der of Bartholomites (q. v.), was born at Langnau, Switz- erland, in 1613, and was brought up to his father's trade, shoemakiiig. By the exertions of some charitable per- sons he was admitted into an establishment for poor students at Neuburg, and afterwards studied philosop…
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Homer, Jonathan, D.D., a Congregational minis- ter, was born October, 1759. He graduated at Harvard College in 1777, was ordained pastor of the First Church in Newton Feb. 13, 1782, resigned in April, 1839, and died Aug. 11, 1843. Dr. Homer published a Lhscription and History of Newton in the Massachi'S( t/s ///•s/nrir…
983 wordsSource & rights
Public-domain 19th-century biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical reference work; OCR text from Internet Archive. Historical scholarship and terminology reflect its era; OCR may contain errors. Verify quotations and current scholarly claims independently.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.