PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
McClintock & Strong Cyclopaedia — Volume 4
John McClintock & James Strong · 1,547,842 words · 1510 reading sections
Section 301
HEUBNER 224 HEWIT ■Antitrinitarier, i, 13; Keim, in Herzog, Real-Enryldop. vi, 61. Baptist writers, however, deny the charges of Socinianism and immorality, and assert that Hetzer was not only a man of great learning, but of gentle spirit and deep piety ; and that he died a martjT to his Bap- tist principles. See H.…
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HEY 225 HEZEKIAH Hey, John, D.D., a learned English divine, was born in 1734, and was educated at Catliarine Hall, Cambridge. After holding several preferments, he became Norris pro- fessor of divinity at Cambridge in 1780, then pastor of Passenham (Northamptonshire) aiid of Calverton (Buck- inghamshire), and died a…
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1. The thirteenth king (reckoning Athaliah) of the separate kingdom of Judah, son of Ahaz and Abi or Abi- jah (2 Kings xviii, 2 ; 2 Chron. xxix, 1), born B.C. 751- 750 (2 Kings xviii, 2), and his father's successor on. the throne for twenty-nine years, B.C. 726-697. In both the above texts he is stated to have been twe…
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That this prudent and pious king was not deficient in military qualities is shown by his successes against the Philistines, seemingly in the early part of his reign, be- fore the overthrow of Sennacherib (2 Kings xviii, 8), and by the efficient measures taken by him for the defence of Jerusalem against the AssjTians. H…
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As gathered from the Scriptures onli/, the course of events appears to have been as follows : Ahaz had placed his kingdom as tributary under the protection of Tig- lath-Pileser (2 Kings xvi, 7). It would seem from Isa. X, 27, and xxviii, 22, that in the time of Shahnaneser, to which the latter passage certainly, and th…
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Hezekiah's bribe (or fine) brought a temporary re- lease, for the Assyrians marched into Egypt, where, if Herodotus (ii, 141) and Josephus (^Ant. x, 1-3) are to be trusted, they advanced without resistance to Pelusium, owing to the hatred of the warrior-caste against Sethos, the king-priest of Pthah, who had, in his pr…
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near Pelusium, as the scene of the disaster. The Assyr- ian army would probably break up from Libnah on the tidings of Tirhakah's approach, and advaiice to meet him. In ascribing it to a vast swarm of field-mice, which, devom-ing the quivers and bow-strings of the Egj'ptians, compelled them to flee in the morning, He- …
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Tirhakah is mentioned (2 Kings xix, 9) as an oppo- nent of Sennacherib shortly before the miraculous de- struction of his army in the fourteenth year of Heze- kiah, corresponding to B.C. 713. It has lately been proved from the Apis tablets that the first year of Tir- hakah's reign over Egypt was the vague j'ear current…
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Some writers have thought to find a note of time in 2 Kings xix, 29 ; Isa. xxxvii, 30, '• Ye shall eat this year such as groweth of itself," etc., assuming that the pas- sage is only to be explained as implying the interven- HEZEKIAH 230 HEZEKIAH tion of a sabbath-year, or even of a sabbath-year fol- lowed by a yea…
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Various ambassadors came with letters and gifts to congratulate Hezekiah on his recovery (2 Chron. xxxii, 23), and among them an embassy from Merodach-Ba- ladan (or Berodach, 2 Kings xx, 12; 6 BuXa^ag, Jose- phus, I. c), the viceroy of Babylon, the Mardokempados of Ptolemy's canon. The ostensible object of this mis- si…
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2. The great-great-grandfather of the prophet Zeph- aniah (Zeph. i, 1, where the name is Anglicized "Hiz- kiah"), supposed by some to be the same with the fore- going (see Wnetius, Demosir. Ecanci.\A\'ts.\t.bV2\ contra RosenmilUer, Prolerj. ad Zeph.). B.C. much ante 635. 3. A person mentioned in coimection with Ater (…
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2. A chief Israelite who subscribed the sacred cove- nant with Nehemiah (Neh. x, 20). B.C. cir. 410. Hez'rai (2 Sam. xxiii, 35). See Hezko. Hez'ro (Heb. Chetsro', iian, i. q. Hezron ; Sept. 'ArTa()a(',Yulg. Hezro~), a Carmelite, one of David's dis- tinguished warriors (1 Chron. xi, 37). He is caUed in the margin and …
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Hid'dekel (Heb. Chidde'kel, ^p-in, in pause Chid- da'kel, b i^'lH ; Sept. 'TiypiQ, to which in Dan. x, 4 it adds 'Evct/csX v. r. ''ES^tKfX ; Vidg. Tigris), the name of the third of the four rivers of Paradise, being that which runs on the border (np'lp) of Assyiia (Gen. ii, 14), and " the great river" on the banks of w…
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Hi'el (Heb. ChieV, bx-^n, life of, i. a. from God, or perh. for ^X'^n';i, God shall live ; Sept. 'Axi/jX), a native of Bethel, who rebuilt Jericho (B.C. post 915), above 700 years after its destruction by the Israelites, and who, in so doing (1 Kings xvi, 34), incurred, in the death of his eldest son Abiram and his you…
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HIERAPOLIS, CoLXCiL of, held about A.D. 107 by ApoUinarius, bishop of the see, and 2G other bishops, who excommunicated Montaiuis, IMaximilian, and The- odotus. — Landon, Man. of Councils, p. 2G5. Hierarchy (iipap\ia, from uqlc, sacred, and ao- Xiov, 7-uler), a term used to denote, in churches in which the whole rulin…
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II. After the Reformation, the churches on the Con- tinent of Europe relinquished the hierarchy, although it might have been retained with ease in Germany, Swe- den, and Denmark, as numerous bishops became Prot- estants. The Church of England, however, retained it, anel, in fact, she is distinguished from all other Eur…
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Hier'eel (lt^ei)X), given (1 Esdr. ix, 21) as the name of one of the " sons of Emmer" who divorced their heathen wives after the Captivity; evidently the Jehi- EL ((1. V.) of the Heb. text (Ezra x, 21). Hier'enaoth ('Itps/^ai,?), the name of two men in the Apocrypha. 1. A "son ofEla,"who divorced his Gentile wife aft…
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HIEROGLYPHICS 236 HIEROGLYPHICS the spaces are neatly and carefully packed, so as to leave no naked appearance of background. " The mvention of hierogh-phs, called NeUr lliant, or ' divine words,' was attributed to the god Thoth, the Egyptian Logos, who is repeatedly called the scribe of the gods and lord of the hi…
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HIEROGLYPHICS 237 HIERONYMITES figure following them : besides these there is nothing to mark the difference between a letter and a pictorial symbol. In some words tlie meaning is expressed twice ; once by a phonetic combination, and again by a pictorial symbol; in others the more important part is symbolical, and t…
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Hieronymus. See Jerome, St. Hierophant or Mystagogus (Gr. ifpo0avr»;e, HvarayioyuQ). I. The high-priest of Demeter who con- ducted the celebration of the Eleusinian Mysteries and initiated the candidates, being always one of the Eumol- pidfE, and a citizen of Attica. The office was for life, and regarded of high relig…
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Higgins, SoLOJiox, a IMethodist Episcopal minister, was liorn in Jlarj-land in January, 1792. In his twenty- second year he began to preach, but failing health com- pelled him to quit the ministry', and for several years he was employed as a clerk in Pliiladelphia. In 1821 he resumed his pastoral connections, and the r…
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become a place for legitimate worship, especially in a country where they had already been defiled with the sins of polytheism, the utmost danger would have re- sulted to the pure worship of the one true God (lliivcr- nick, Einl. i, 592). It would infallibly have Ictl to the adoption of nature-goddesses and " gods of t…
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fered on one altar only (Josh, xxii, 29). It is more sur- prising to find this law absolutely ignored at a much later period, when there was no intelligible reason for its violation— as by Samuel at Mizpeli (1 Sam. vii, 10) and at Bethlehem (xvi, 5) ; by Saul at Gilgal (xiii, 9) and at Ajalon (? xiv, 35) ; by David on …
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As long as the nations continued to worship the heavenly bodies themselves, they worshipped in the open air, hokling that no walls coidd contain infinitude. Afterwards, when the symbol of fire or of images brought in the use of temples, they were usually built in groves and upon high places, and sometimes without roofs…
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^^: Bepresentation of an idolatrous "High plncp," with its "Grove," altar, and worshippers. (From Paine's Tem- ple of Holomun.) High-priest {'p'SiJ.hak-'hjke?/', the ordinary word for "priest," with the article, i. e. '-t/ie priest;" and in the books subsequent to the Pentateuch with the fre- quent adtlition h'lvij, …
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2. The high-priest had a pecidiar dress, which, as we have seen, passed to his successor at his death. This dress consisted of eight parts, as the Rabbins constantly note, the hreastpkite, the ephod with its curious girdle, the rohe of the ephod, the mitre, the hroidered coat or diaper tunic, and the girdle, the materi…
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HIGH-PRIEST 244 HIGH-PRIEST The Iligh-priesfs Kobe. (From Biauu, ut atip. p. 4G0.) " He compassed him with pomegranates and with many golden bells round about, that as he Avent there might be a soimd, and a noise made that might be heard in the Temple, for a memorial to the children of his peo- ple." Perhaps, howeve…
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I properly be indicated in his person. A striking instance of this, in connection, too, witii symliolical dress, is to be found in Zech, iii: "Now Joshua (the high-priest, ver. 1) was. clothed with filthy garments and stood before the angel. And he ansvv'ered and spake unto tliose that stood before him, saying, Take aw…
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4. The high-priest had a peculiar place in the law of The Jewish High-priest iu full Costume, according to Braun {ut siq}. p. 047). HIGH-PRIEST 247 HIGH-PRItST ihe inanslayer, and his takincj sanctuary in the cities of refuge. The manslayer might not leave the city of refuge during the lifetime of the existing hig…
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II. The /licoloffical view of the high-priesthood will be treated under the head of Puiest. It must suffice here to indicate the consideration of the office, dress, functions, and ministrations of the high-priest, as typical of the priesthood of our Lord Jesus Christ, and as set- ting forth under shadows the truths whi…
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robes, and that David may have avoided the difficulty of deciding between tlie claims of his faithfid friend Alji- athar and his new and important ally Zadok (who, per- haps, was the means of attaching to David's cause the 4600 Levites and the 3700 priests that came under Je- hoiada their captain, ver. 26, 27), by appo…
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Reviewing the high-priests of this second group, the following are some of the most remarkable incidents: (1.) The transfer of the seat of «-orship from Shiloh, in the tribe of Ephraim, to .Jerusalem, in the tribe of Ju- dah, effected by David, and consolidated by the building of the magnificent Temple of Solomon. (2.)…
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HIGH-PRIEST 250 HIGH-PRIEST Eliashib hindering rather than seconding the zeal of the devout Tirshatlia Nehemiah for the observance of God's law in Israel (Neh. xiii, 4, 7) ; and Johanan, Josepliiis teUs us, murdered his own brother Jesus or Joshua in the Temple, which led to its further profanation by Ba- goses, the…
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What, however, for a time saved the Jewish institu- tions, infused a new life and consistencj' into the priest- hood and the national religion, and enabled them to fulfil their destined course till the advent of Christ, was the cruel and impolitic persecution of Antiochus Epiph-. anes. This thoroughly aroused the piety…
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Annexed is a list of the high-priests from Aaron to the final overthrow of Jerusalem, derived from the .No. S.ripture. Josi-l,h..-l)lI.v,ll,5, viiij,:i; x,H.tU: B.C. 83. Jeslnia A ^ yS4(j_y5(io 34. Joiakim / ?• ?500-?405 85. EHashib ( >i. MCS-MCO 36. Joiada >-: 400-371 S7. Jonathan V:= 371-339 SS. …
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Hilario or Hilarianus, Q. Jitlius, an ecclesiastic- al writer of the 4th century. A\'e have no details con- cerning his life, as none are given either in his own works or in those of his contemporaries. He is consid- ired as the author of J'Jxpositum de die Pcisc/kb el Mensis, at the end of Lactantius's works (Par. 171…
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Hilarius Pictaviensis (Hilary, St., bishop op Poitikrs), one of the most distinguished opponents of Arianism in the 4th century, was a native of the city whose name he bears. He was of noble descent, but a heathen. Having become a convert to the Christian faith, he was baptized, together with his wife and daugh- ter. H…
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As a writer Hilary is copious, and fertile in thought and illustration, but often turgid and obscure iij style. A pretty full analysis of his writings is given in Clarke, Succession of Sacred Literature, i, 302 sq. The chief among them are, I. Ad Const antium A agustitm Liber Pri- mus, written, it is believed, A.D. 355…
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Hildebert of Touks (Hildebertus Turonexsis), in lli',>7 liisliop of Mans, and in 1125 archbishop of Tours, ■was born about 1055 at Lavardin. Though accused of licentiousness before his admission to the Church, he be- came one of its brightest ornaments for piety and learn- ing. During the time of his being bishop of Ma…
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Hildreth, Hosea, a Congregational minister, was boni in ilassachusetts, January 2, 1782. He was grad- uated at Harvard College in 1805, and Avas engaged for a number of years in teaching, being professor of mathe- matics in I'hillips Exeter Academy from 1811 to 1825. He had studied divinity in the mean time, and was in…
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7. One of the chief priests (contemporary with Je- shua as high-priest) who returned from Babylon with Zerubbabel (Xeh. xii, 7). His son Hashabiah is named in vcr. 21. B.C. 536. 8. One of those who supported Ezra on the right hand while reading the law to the people (Xeh. viii, 4). B.C. cir. 410. It is somewhat uncert…
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Hill, George, D.D., a divine of the Church of Scot- land, burn at St. Andrews in 1748. He was educated at the university ofhis native place, where he obtained the Greek iirofessorshiii, and afterward that of divinity. He subsequLMitly became principal of St. Mary's, cliajilain to the king fur Scotland, and fellow of th…
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Hill, William, D.D., a Presbyterian minister, was born in Cumberland Co., Ya., March 3, 17G9. In 1785 he entered Hampden Sidney College. While there he em- braced reliicion, and decided to study for the ministry. He graduated in 1788, and was licensed to preach by the Presbytery of Hanover July 10, 1790. After acting f…
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Hillel II, ben-Jehudah III (sometimes called the yoitnyer, because a descendant of Hillel I, or the elder, q. v.), came to the presidency of the Sanhedrim about A.D.330 (some say A.D. 258), which he held for about thirty-five years. As president of the Sanhedrim, he was, of course, the head of the Jewish school at Tibe…
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Hiller, Philip Frederick, one of the best and most prolilic liymii writers of the Evangelical Church of Southern (ierniany, was born at jMiihlhauscn in 1699; educated under J. A. Bengel ; became pastor at two or three little villages, and finally at Steinheim in 1732 ; lost his voice in 1751, and died in 1769. After hi…
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Hill (T^fl, hin, Sept. tlv, 'iv, or vv), a measure of liquids, containing the seventh part of a " bath" (Numb. XV, 4 sq. ; xxviii, 5, 7, 14 ; Ezek. iv, 11), i. e. twelve Ro- man sextarii, according to Josephus (t'lv, Ant. iii, 8, S; ix, 4), or about five quarts. The word corresponds with the Egyptian /m, hno, which pro…
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Hincmar ok Laon was nephew of Hincmar, arch- bishop (if Rheinis, who at first patronized him, and had him elected bishop of Laon, about A.D. 856. He soon showed an obstinate and refractory spirit ; set at naught his uncle, who was his metropolitan ; rebelled against his king, and scorned the decrees of sjniods, whose s…
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Hind (n ji;;iX, ayalah', Gen. xUx, 21 ; 2 Sam. xxii. 34 ; Job xxxiv, 1 ; Psa. xviii, 33 ; xxix, 9 ; Cant, ii, 7 ; iii, 5; Hab. iii, 19; or H^.'^N, aye'lethjVtoy. v, 19; Jer. Female Deer. xiv, 5; " Aijaleth," Psa. xxii, title), the ^/fjnofc of the hart or stag, " doe" being the female of the fallow-deer, and " roe" be…
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Neither did the Hindu in that early period so fre- quently evince his consciousness of imperfection by a display of animal sacrifices. The Veda contains not a single example of human victims for sacrifice. I»in- furms us that liy far the most common offering was the fermenting juice of the soma (q. v.) or moon plant, w…
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The Veda also teaches the two ideas so contradictory to the human understanding, and yet so easily recon- ciled in every human heart : God has established the eternal laws of right and wrong ; he punishes sin and re- wards virtue; and yet the same God is willing to for- give ; just, yet merciful ; a judge, and yet a fa…
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" The philosophical creed of this period adds little to the fundamental notions contained in the Upanishads, but it frees itself from the legendary dross ivhich still imparts to those works a deep tinge of mysticism. On the other hand, it conceives and develops the notion that the union of the individual soul with the …
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II. Deities. — It has been stated above that the original worship of the Hindus appears to have been adtlressed to the elements. The heavens, the sun, the moon, fire, the air, the earth, and spirits are the objects most fre- quently addressed. In fact, the deities invoked appear to be as numerous as the prayers address…
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(4.) Sauras, tlie worsliipi)ers of Surya, the sun. (5.) Ganapatiius, the worshippers of Ganesa, the god of wisdom. HINDUISM 264 HINDUISM The Saiiras and Ganapatyas are not very numerous. The religious sects of India are divided into two classes, which may be called clerical and lay. The priests may also be divided…
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V. Imar/es, Tem2Jks, etc. — The Hindus have images of their gods, but they are of a grotesque or fantastic kind ; some are represented with heads of animals (as Ganesa), others with superabundant limbs (as Brahma, wdth four arms), or disfigured, etc. Antiquity was more sparing in this hue, but afterwards the arts of In…
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Hindus, IModerx, a term recently used to desig- nate a class of Hindu reformers, who call themselves Brahmists, and represent a school of thought Avhich originated fifty or sixty ago with Rammohun Roy, who imdertook to reform Hinduism on the basis of the Veda alone, the religion of which he held to be a pure theism. In…
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Jer. xix, 2, 6), a deep and narrow ravine, with steep, rocky sides, on the southerly side of Jerusalem, separa- ting Mount Zion on the south from the " Hill of Evil Counsel," and the sloping, rocky plateau of the " plain of Kephaim" on the north, taking its name, according to Stanley', from " some ancient hero, the son…
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The valley commences in a broad sloping basin to the west of the city, south of the Jaffa road (extending near- ly to the brow of the great wady on the west), in the cen- tre of which, 700 yards from the Jaffa gate, is the large reservoir, supposed to be the "upper pool," or "Gihon" [see Gihon] (Isa. vii, 3 ; xxxvi, 2 …
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Hiouen-tsang, a celebrated Buddhist traveller of China, was born A.D. G03. At the age of twenty he took priest's orders. Even at this early age he had be- come famous for his vast information, especially in the Buddhist faith, and in the doctrines of Confucius and Laotse. A desire to study the origin of Buddhism made l…
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Hippolytus, St. (lTnr6\vT0<:), the name of sev- eral saints and martyrs of the early Church, especially that celebrated one of the fathers of the Church who probably lived in the early part of the od century. Every particular of his life has been made a point of controversy. Thus the oldest ecclesiastical ^vriters who …
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A recent discovery has directed general attention to this old ecclesiastical writer. In 1842 M. Mynoide Mi- nas, on his return from a mission on which he had been sent by M. VUlemain, minister of pidiUc instruction in France, brought back from INIount Athos, among other unpublished works, a mutilated Greek IMS. of the …
1,054 wordsSource & rights
Public-domain 19th-century biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical reference work; OCR text from Internet Archive. Historical scholarship and terminology reflect its era; OCR may contain errors. Verify quotations and current scholarly claims independently.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.