PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
McClintock & Strong Cyclopaedia — Volume 3
John McClintock & James Strong · 1,405,961 words · 1366 reading sections
Section 301
Stuart has laid considerable stress on the Christolo- gy of the book as indicative of an acquaintance on the authors' ]iart with tlie N. T., especially the Apocah'pse. But the Christological portions do not possess sufficient distinctness to iinjily a knowledge of the N. T. The name Jesus never occurs. Neither are the …
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Book op Enoch, chap, ii ; Laureiice's Version. " Behold, 4ie conies with ten Epistle of Jot>k, ver. 14, 15 ; Authorized Version. " Behold, the Lord cometh with ten thoupanda of his saints, to execute judgment upon all, and to convince all thousands of his saints, to ex- ecute judgment upon them, and destroy tlie wic…
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E'no.sh, a more correct mode of Anglicizing (1 Chron. i, 1) the name Exos (q. v.). Eii-rini'nion (Hob. Eyn liimmon , IT'S"! '|1",yb«n- iain of Rimimm; Sept. Iv 'Pc/tiioii' v. r. tr 'Vipawv, Vat. MS. omits, Vulg. ct in Jiemmori), a place occu- pied by the descendants of Judah after the exile (Neh. xi, 29). It appears f…
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Enrolment or c'nroypa(p)) (Luke ii, 1, "taxing"). See Census. Ens is " either ens i-eah or ens rationis. Ens rationis is that which has no existence but in the idea which the mind forms of it, as a golden mountain. Ens reale, in philosophical language, is taken late et slricte, and is distinguished as ens potentiale, …
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ENTABLATURE 232 ENTERTAINMENT parallel passage (Isa. lix, 19) the marginal version is to 1)6 followed rather than the text. The character of the Hebrew militarj- standards is quite a matter of conjecture ; they probably resembled the Ej^j'ptian, •which consisted of a sacred emblem, such as an animal, a boat, or the …
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ENTERTAINMENT 233 ENTHUSIASM qum in iisdem agitahantur, in Gronovii Thesaur. viii), on the reception and departure of dear friends or else respected personages (Gen. xix, 3 ; 2 Sam. iii, 20 ; xx, 4 ; 2 Kings vi, 23 ; Tobit vii, 9 ; viii, 20 sq. ; 1 Mace, xvi, 15 ; 2 Mace, ii, 28 ; Luke v, 29 ; xv, 23 sq. ; John xii,…
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An especial sort of entertainment were the Kwpot, or comissationes ("revellings"), which plaj'ed so con- spicuous a part in tlie sensual times during which the apostles labored (Rom. xiii, 13 ; Gal. v, 21 ; 1 Pet. iv, 3). Young men assembled to banquetings on festival occasions, or in the crowd of public associations, …
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Entwisle, Joseph, a 'VV'esle3'-an Methodist min- ister, was born in Manchester, England, April 15,1767. At sixteen he began to preach, and in 1787 Mr. AVesley called him into the itinerant ministry. He devoted himself to his work, studying theology, under many difhculties, and also the ancient languages. He filled acce…
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EP^NETUS 235 EPAPHRAS Bolar vear above the lunar. As the Julian solr.r year is (nearly) 3G5 days, and the Julian lunar j'ear is (nearly) 354 days, the annual epaet is iiearlj' 11 days. The epact for two Julian years is, therefore, nearly 22 days ; for three years, 33 days ; and so on. When, however, the epact passes…
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A part of the canons of Epaon remained in force in Southern France, as canons of the Council of Agde {'■'■Affatkeiiscs''). This council had been held in 504, and established 47 canons, to which subsequently, for the purpose of obtaining a complete code of discipline, 24 canons of other councils were added ; of these 24…
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eral, the diocese of any bishop, archbishop, or metro* politan). In Russia the eparchies are divided into three classes, the first of which comprised in 18G6 the four metropolitan sees of Petersburg, Moscow, Kiev, and Novgorod ; the second twentj' sees, the incum- bents of which, with the exception of one, had the titl…
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Epheh. See Vipek. E'pher (Heb. id. "IS", the gopher, go called from its gray or ashy color), the name of a tribe (including that of its founder) and of two men. 1. (Sept. 'A0fip V. r. 'Gfdp, in Chron. 'Opip, Vulg. Opher and Ephir.') The second in order of the sons of Midian (Gen. xxv, 4; 1 Chron. i, 33), Abraham's so…
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EPHESIANS 238 EPHESIANS the apostle. 3. The close resemblance of this epistle to the epistle to the Colossiaiis, suggesting that the former is only an enlargement of the latter. The first of these objections may be passed bj' here, as the alle- gations on which it rests will be particularly consid- ered wlien we com…
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1. Grotius, reviving the opinion of the ancient her- etic Marcion, maintains that the part}' addressed in this epistle was the Cliurch at Laodicea, and that we have in this the epistle to that Church which is com- monly supposed to have been lost. The view of Gro- tius, which has been followed by some scholars of em- i…
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an epistle specially addressed to it. If we must leave out the words tv 'E^fcr^^j in chap, i, 1, what are we to put in their place.' for if we take the passage as it stands without them, it will follow that the epistle was addressed to all Christians everywhere, which is more than the advocates of the hypottiesis now u…
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2. This the apostle commences hy entreating them to walk worthy of this calling, and to keep the unitj' of the Spirit: there was but one bod}-, one Spirit, one Lord, and one God (iv, 1-G). Each, too, had his por- tion of grace from God (iv, 7-10), who had appointed ministering orders in the Church, until all come to th…
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EPIIESUS 241 EPHESUS hausen, Erlldr. (Hanov. 1833, 8vo) ; Simcop, lUustrn- tion (Lonil. 1833, 4to) ; *Meier, Commentar (Berl. 1834, 8vo); *Havless, Commentar (8vo, Ed. 1834; Stuttg. 1858) ; *Kuckert, Erklcir. (Lpz. 1834, 8vo) ; Matthies, Beri'icks. (Griefsw. 1834, 8vo) ; Lcihlein, Syriis inter- pres (Erl. 1835, 8vo)…
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2. Biblical Notices. — That Jews were established there in considerable numbers is known from Josephus (^Ant. xiv, 10, 11), and might be inferred from its mer- cantile eminence ; but it is also evident from Acts ii, 9 ; vi, 9. In harmony with the character of Ephesus as a place of concourse and commerce, it is here, an…
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. Grove of Dirmn; 5. Temple of Diana; 3. Momi atre; v. SUidiuui ; lu. Odeon ; 11. Castle of AJr Quarries, Flan of lOphesus and its Environs. t 'of Androclus ; 4. Cily Port ; 5. Great Gymnashiin ; f.. Agora civilis ; 7. Affora venalia ; 8. Tlio. 1-2. Moscjue of Aiasaliik; 13. Arched aqueduct across the valley; 14. Tunu…
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Bronze Coins of Ephesus. 5. The Asiarchs. — Public games were connected with the worship of Diana at Ephesus. The month EPHESUS 244 EPHESUS of May was sacred to her. The uproar mentioned in the Acts very probably took place at this season. Paul was certainly at Epliesus about that time of the year (1 Cor. xvi, 8),…
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Ancient reprpsenttitinu " Diana of tlie Kphesiiiii.s I . y . r ' " M 'so ■' 70 90 Plan of tlie Temple of Diana at Ephesus. EPHESUS 2-15 EPHESUS ntecl a splendid picture of Alexander the Great. The rights of sanctuary, to the extent of a stadium in all directions round the temple, were also conceded, which, in co…
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7. Modem Remains. — The ruins of Ephesus lie two short daj's' journey from Smyrna, in proceeding from which towards the south-east the traveller passes the pretty village of Sedekuy ; and two hours and a half onwards he comes to the ruined village of Danizzi, on a wide, solitary, uncultivated plain, beyond which sev- e…
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the stadium, once the crowded scene of their diver- sions ; and some in the abrupt precipice, in the sepul- chres which received their ashes. Such are the pres- ent citizens of Ephesus, and such is the conditiun to which that renowned city has been reduced. It was a ruinous place when the emperor Justinian filled Con- …
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EPHESUS, General Council of. Tlie third oecumenical council, convoked bj' the emperor Theo- dosius II, was held at Ephesus in 431, upon the contro- versy raised by Nestorius, bishop of Constantinople, who objected to the application of tlie title of Hfo- TOKOQ to the Virgin Mary. For the circumstances which led to the …
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EPHLAL 248 EPHOD compelled the bishops to sign the sentence of deposi- tion. This, at last, ninety-six of them did, many, however, being first severely wounded ; Flavianus himself was treated with i.w.h excessive violence that he died of the injuries he had received witliiii three days ; it is said tliat Dioscorus j…
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EPHPHATHA 249 EPHRAEM MANUSCRIPT ed to it in Judg. xviii, 31, to represent the Urim and Thummim, the molten image, and tlie Teraphim (xvii, 4, 5), and -vvoukl require a large consumption of met- al? The ephod was worn over the tunic and outer garment or pallium (Exod. xxviii, 31 ; xxix, 5), with- out sleeves, and div…
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\( 01 ■1 ^)1 t^' EPHRAIM 250 EPHRABI "Bentley's projected edition, and used by Wetstein in liis own Greek Test, of 1751-2. In 1843 Tischendorf |iul)lislied the N.-T. part fully, and the O. T. in 1845, ill a splendid and accurate form, page for page and line for line, in capital but not fac-simile letters, with …
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The numbers of the tribe did not at all times corre- spond with the promise of the blessing of Jacob. At the census in the wilderness of Sinai (Num. i, 32, 33; ii, 19) its numbers were 40,500, placing it at the head of the ciiildren of Rachel — ^Manasseh's number being 32,200, and Benjamin's 35,400. But forty years lat…
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Archi. do. [Ko/r-Mmi-l ? Arumah. do. El-Ormah. Ataroth (-addar) do. A tnra. Baal-hamon. Vineyard. [^K. of Jenin]? Haal-slialisha. Town. See .^liALisii.v. Beth-horoa. do. r.nt-Vi: Bochim. Altar Stone [Kliurbit-J'Tadeh]* I'.bal. Mount. [Jehel Sitti-S'lamiyehl Gaash. do. iSi'puIchral Hill S. of T…
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another. From north to south, from Jordan to the Sea — from Galilee, or still more distant Damascus, to Philistia and Egypt — these roads all la}' more or less through Ephraim, and the constant traffic along them must have always tended to keep the district from sinking into stagnation. 2. The position of Shcchem, the …
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Thenceforth the rivalry of Ephraim and Judah was merged in that between the two kingdoms ; although still the predominance of Ephraim in the kingdom of Israel was so conspicuous as to occasion the whole realm to be called by its name, especially when that rivalry is mentioned. This title is particularlj' em- ployed in …
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EPHRAIM, GATE OF (C^nsx 1V-0 ; Sept. irvXr] 'Efpcdij.), one of the gates of the city of Jerusalem (2 Kings xiv, 13; 2 Chron. xxv, 23; Neh. viii, 1(! ; xii, 39), doubtless, according to the Oriental practice, on the side looking towards the locality from which it de- rived its name, and therefore on the north, probablj'…
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p. 97, 953). In this case the conjecture of Dr. Tlobino son is very admissible, that Opiik.vh (q. v.) of Benja- min (Josh, xviii, 23) and E])hraim are identicil, and that their modern representation is et-Tav/ibek, a vil- lage on a conspicuous conical hill, commanding a view "over the whole eastern slope, the valley of…
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view which is favored by the neighboring corn-fields. — Smiti), s. V. Yer Poortenn has written monographs entitled Tahernacula Del in Ephrata [Psa. cxxxii] (Coburg, 1739) ; Initla Bethleheml (ib. 1728) ; also two entitled Fata Bethlehemi (both ib. eod.). See Beth- lehem. 3. Gesenius and others tliink that in Psa. cxxx…
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equal number of SA-llables, and with occasional rln'me and assonance, though without regular metre (SchafF, Jlistory of the (Jhristian Church, iii, 952 sq.)." The best edition of his collected works is Ephraemi Syri Opera omnia, Gr., S3'r., et Lat., edita cum pnrfa- tionibus, nntis, vnr. lectinwhus, studio J. S. Assem…
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2. The textual reading (but with initial X) in the Masoretic Bible, and the marginal in the A. V. for Epiiraim ((j. v.), a city within tlie borders of the king- dom of Israel (2 Chron. xiii, 19). 3. A mountain, the "cities" of which formed one of tlie landmarks on the northern boundary of the tribe of Judah (Josh, xv,…
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EPICUREAN PHILOSOPHY 258 EPICUREAN PHILOSOPHY ful;" he was "a kind-hearted friend, and even a pat- riotic citizen." He kept aloof from the political dis- tractions of the time, and took no part in jjiiblic affairs. His maxim was \ci9t ihojffac — avoid notice in life. The political and social disorders of the time, ami…
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Ethics of Epicurus. — Without divine sanction, with- out responsibility or existence hereafter, with neither reward nor penalty in a future life for " deeds done in the bod}'," no real system of ethics is conceivable. There is no constraint, no obligation to rectitude ; there is no moral compulsion ; there is no domain…
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Auihorities. — The historians of ancient philosophy: Bajde, tit. ^^ Lnicippi Lnc7-ece ;" Gassendi, Be Vita ct Moribu.i Epicuri (Ilag. Comit. 1G5G, 4to) ; Syntaqmn philosnjMce Epimri (1050) ; Bremer, Ver.iitch einer Apol- orjie des Epicui- (Berlin, 177G, 8vo) ; Eondel, L<t Vie d' Epicure (Par. 1G70) ; Warnekros, Apolor/…
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his native village, of which he became abbot. In 367 he was elected bisliop of Constaiitia (Salaniis), the metropolis of Cj'prus. Here he remained thirty-six years, busy with the duties of his episcojmte, and es- pecially busy with his pen. He devoted himself to the vindication of orthodoxy with unquestioned learn- ing…
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Epiphanius was "a man of earnest monastic pietj'', and of sincere Init illiberal zeal for orthodox^'. His good nature allowed him to be easil}- used as an in- strument for the passions of others, and his zeal was not according to knowledge. He is the patriarch of heresj-hunters. He identified Christianity with mo- nast…
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3. Anacephalmosis (Migne, xlii, 833), which is a sum- mary or abridgment of the Panarium, the order of topics being somewhat varied. 4. iltni /.liTpwv icai rrraOi^io'iV, De Mensuris et Pon- deribus (of measures and weights), in which he gives an account of the weights and measures used in Scrip- ture, a book still use…
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festation" of Christ), one of the oldest festivals of the Christian Ciuireh, and mentioned as such hj' Cle- ment of Alexandria {^Inmiat. i, 1). Until the time of Chr_vsostom, it opened in tiie Eastern Church the cycle of festivals. It denoted at first the baptism of Christ, which, as Chrj'sostom himself remarks, was, i…
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I. Origin of Episcopacy. — The high Episcopal writ- ers, both of the Church of Rome and the Church of England, maintain that the order of bishops takes the place of the apostles in the Christian Church l)y direct divine appointment. Their view has been stated as follows: "While our Lord remained upon earth he acted as …
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ized it as a perpetual ordinance for the future. Such an ordinance is in direct opposition to the spirit of that apostle. This change in the mode of administering the government of the Church, resulting from peculiar circumstances, may have been introduced as a salu- tary expedient, without implying any departure from …
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II. Episcopacy of the Roman Catholic Church. — (1.) The theory of the Episcopacy according to Eoman ■writers springs from the Eomish doctrine of a visible Church. "An invisible Church" (Mcihler, Symbolism, § 43) " needs onh' an inward, purely spiritual sacrifice, and a general priesthood;" but the visible Church, in it…
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The Eomish Episcopacy, as a whole, is diocesan. See Diocese. The clergy of the diocese are subject to the bishop, but his authority does not extend beyond the diocese. There are, besides the diocesan bishops, bishops vacantes, bishops in pa?'tihus, bishops suffragan, etc., for which distinctions, see Bishops. "The di- …
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Church as the good order, the instruction, and the ex- igencies of the society at that time required, without any intention, at least without any declared design of regulating the appointment, authority, or the distinc- tion of Christian ministers under future circumstances." To the same eflf'ect, also. Bishop Tomline …
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It has been objected to the ^lethodist episcopacy that, while the theory of the Church admits but two orders in the ministry, the separate ordination of bish- ops reall\- implies three. But the objection is ground- less. (See above, II, 2.) In fact, the number of " or- ders" has always been an open question, even in th…
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Episcopalians, members of those churches which adopt the Episcopal form of Church government. See Episcopacy ; Methodist Episcopal Church ; Mo- ravians ; Lutheran Church ; England, Church OF ; Protestant Episcopal Church. Episcopius. Simon (Dutch, Biischop), an emi- nent and learned Arminian theologian, was born in Ja…
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Episcopius was acknowledged, even by his enemies, to be a man of very rare abilities, as well as of great learning. Heidanus (one of his opponents) says he was endowed with "great learning, penetration, elo- quence, and skill." His friend Uitenbogaert declared that he had never met a theologian "to be compared with Epi…
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There must be a recognised system of notation, p"ho. netic or symbolic ; men must be taught to write, and have writing materials at hand. In the earlj' nomadic stages of society accordingly, like those which mark the period of the patriarchs of the O. T., we find no traces of any but oral communications. In the Ho- mer…
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Although no Hebrew letters are preserved of the time before David, it might be supposed that the form might liave been derived from Egypt. We have pap- 3'ri containing copies by Eg^'ptian scribes of the kings of the Rameses family about the 13th century B.C., of letters of their own correspondence. These show a regular…
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The two stages of the history of the N. T. present in this respect a ver}' striking contrast. The list of the canonical books shows how largelj' epistles were used in tiie expansion and organization of the Church. Those which have survived may he regarded as the representatives of many others that are lost. AVe are per…
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1. The Pauline epistles are thirteen in number, or fourteen, if we add to them the epistle to the Hebrews. Three of these are distinctively styled the Pastcral Epistles, nameh', those to Timothy and Titus, as being chiefly on the duties of the pastorate. Up to our days the genuineness of the first thirteen epistles of …
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The Pauline epistles all had their particular directions, while tlie letters of Peter, James, 1 John, and Jude were circular epistles. The epistles 2 and 3 John were subsequently added, and included on account of their shortness, and to this collection was given the name Catholic Letters, in contradistinction to the ra…
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1555, 8vo) ; Salmeron, Commentarii (in Opp). xiii-xv) ; Contarini, Scholia (Par. 1571; Ven. 1589, fol. ; also in Opp.) ; Faber, Commentarius (Par. 1512, 1515, 1531, Ba- sil. 1527, foL ; Col. 1531, 4to ; Antw. 1540, 8vo) ; Bu- genhagen, Adnntationes [on most of these epistles] (Argent. 1524, BasiL 1525, 1527, 8vo) ; *Ca…
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On all the Catholic epistles alone (James, 1 and 2 Pet., 1, 2, and 3 John, and .Inde), the foLowing: The- ophylaet, Commentarius (in Opp. iii) ; also Enarrationes EPISTLES OF BARNABAS 273 EPISTLES, SPURIOUS (in Bihl. Pair. Gall, vi, 286) ; OEcumenius, Expositlo (Frcft. 1610, 4to ; also in 0pp. ii) ; Bede, Expositlo …
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3. The Epistle of Peter to James is a verj^ ancient forgery. It was first published by Cotelerius, and is supposed to have been a preface to the Preaching of Peter, which was in great esteem among some of the early Christian writers, and is several times cited as a genuine work by Clement of Alexandria, Theodotus of By…
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Epistolae Obscurdrum Virorum (Epistles of obscure lihn), a celebrated collection of letters by anonymous authors, in which the opponents of Human- ism, and the Church of Rome in general, were casti- gated with pungent satire. The special occasion for the publication of these epistles was a bitter contro- versy between …
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Public-domain 19th-century biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical reference work; OCR text from Internet Archive. Historical scholarship and terminology reflect its era; OCR may contain errors. Verify quotations and current scholarly claims independently.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.